Me yasa Kasuwa ke Samun fifikon Photovoltaics?Za a iya Rarraba Ƙarfin Wuta na Photovoltaic yana da Dama?

Musk ya taba cewa: Ka ba ni wuri mai farce a taswirar Amurka, kuma zan iya samar da makamashi wanda zai iya wadatar da Amurka baki daya.Hanyar da ya ce ita ce samar da wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic +makamashi ajiya.

Idan wani babban lardi a kasar Sin, irin su Mongoliya ta ciki/Qinghai da sauran larduna masu girman gaske, ana amfani da dukkan hasken rana da albarkatun kasa wajen samar da wutar lantarki, to hakika za ta iya samar da wutar lantarki a kasar bisa yanayin da ya dace.

Adadin da kasar Sin ke da shi na fasahar daukar hoto a halin yanzu shine 254.4GW, amma a karkashin tsarin tsaka tsaki na carbon, tsabta, mara gurbatawa/makarantar hasken rana shine mafi kyawun alkibla.

A cikin wani rahoto da aka fitar a watan Maris din bana, an bayyana cewa, nan da shekarar 2030, karfin samar da wutar lantarki da kasar Sin ta girka zai kai 1,025GW, kuma nan da shekarar 2060, karfin samar da wutar lantarki da aka girka zai kai 3800GW.Tsabtataccen makamashi na yanzu ya haɗa da wutar lantarki / makamashin nukiliya / wutar lantarki / wutar lantarki na photovoltaic, waɗanda ba su da girma a sikelin.Wani alkaluman da ya fi fitowa fili shi ne, a shekarar da ta gabata, karfin da aka girka na samar da wutar lantarki ya kai kilowatt miliyan 370, na makamashin nukiliya ya kai kilowatt miliyan 50, na karfin iska ya kai kilowatt miliyan 280, na karfin wutar lantarki ya kai kilowatt miliyan 250.

Akwai hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai tsabta da yawa, kuma ƙarfin shigar da wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic ya ma fi na iska.Me yasa kasuwa ke da kyakkyawan fata game da ikon daukar hoto?

1. Rahusa

A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, farashin samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic a kowace kilowatt-hour ya ragu da kashi 89 cikin 100, kuma matsakaicin farashin wutar lantarki a kowace sa'a kilowatt na ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarancin farashin wutar lantarki na kowane nau'in samar da wutar lantarki.Matsakaicin farashin gina tashoshin wutar lantarki na ƙasa a shekarar 2019 shine yuan 4.55 akan kowace watt, a lokacin farashin wutar lantarki shine yuan 0.44 akan kowace kilowatt awa;a shekarar 2020, farashin wutar lantarki ya kai yuan 3.8 ga kowace watt, kuma farashin wutar lantarki ya kai yuan 0.36 a kowace awa daya.Kudin gine-ginen zai ci gaba da raguwa da kashi 5-10% a kowace shekara a nan gaba, kuma bayanai sun yi hasashen cewa zai ragu zuwa yuan 2.62/W nan da shekarar 2025.

Na'urar daukar hoto ta kasar Sin ta aiwatar da hanyar shiga yanar gizo daidai gwargwado.A halin yanzu, ƙananan biranen matakin farko da na biyu ne kawai da sauran yankuna waɗanda ke da ƙarancin albarkatun hasken rana har yanzu suna da tallafin hoto.Yawancin yankuna sun riga sun sami wadatar kansu, rage farashin hoto, haɓaka haɓakar samar da wutar lantarki, ingantaccen ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na silicon monocrystalline silicon / polycrystalline silicon, kuma za a ƙara rage farashin nan gaba.

Abin da muke fuskanta yanzu shine matsalar ƙarancin ƙasa, kuma ƙarfin samar da kayan siliki ba zai iya ci gaba da amfani da shi ba, wanda ke haifar da tsada mai yawa.Model na Photovoltaic da brackets sun fi arha fiye da 'yan shekarun da suka gabata.

2. Gajeren Lokacin Gina

Ginin tashar samar da wutar lantarki na da matukar wahala.An kwashe shekaru 15 ana aikin gina madatsar ruwa ta kwazazzabai uku, kuma an kwashe 'yan asalin kasar miliyan 1.13.A halin da ake ciki yanzu yana da wuya a sake gina kwazazzabai uku, zagayowar ya yi tsayi da yawa kuma farashin ya yi yawa.Gabaɗaya, lokacin gina manyan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na tsawon shekaru 5-10 ne, kuma lokacin gina ƙananan tashoshin wutar lantarkin yana ɗaukar shekaru 2-3.Fa'idar kawai ita ce tashar samar da wutar lantarki tana da tsawon lokacin aiki, aƙalla tsawon shekaru ɗari.

Tashoshin makamashin nukiliya ma manyan ayyuka ne, da suka shafi al'amuran tsaron nukiliya.Dukkanin tsarin yarda da ka'idoji, injiniyan farar hula, shigarwa da ƙaddamarwa zai ɗauki shekaru 5-8.

Lokacin shigarwa na wutar lantarki ba shi da tsayi sosai, kimanin shekara guda ya isa.

Idan aka kwatanta, samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic shine tashar wutar lantarki mafi ceton lokaci.Ƙarƙashin wutar lantarki na photovoltaic na tsakiya na iya ɓata wani lokaci, amma yanzu shahararren da aka rarraba photovoltaic, wato, tsire-tsire masu amfani da wutar lantarki tare da ra'ayi na grids ko ma microgrids, a cikin watanni 3 Ana iya kammala ginin tashar wutar lantarki, kuma gajeren lokaci. ya dace sosai don gina jarin jari.

Bayan magana game da abũbuwan amfãni, bari mu dubi rashin amfani.Me yasa kasuwa har yanzu yana cike da shakku game da hotunan hoto?

Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na Photovoltaic yanzu yana fuskantar manyan matsaloli uku.Ɗaya daga cikin samar da wutar lantarki mara ƙarfi, kuma akwai ƙura da hasken wuta da yawa;na biyu, tashoshin wutar lantarki sun fi mayar da hankali ne a wurare masu nisa da wahala;na uku, tsakiya na photovoltaics sun mamaye yanki mai yawa na Ƙasa.

Za mu yi nazarin waɗannan batutuwa guda uku ɗaya bayan ɗaya.

a.Yin watsi da Haske da Wutar Lantarki

Dalilin watsar da hasken shi ne cewa wutar lantarki ta yi yawa.

Duk da cewa duk kananan hukumomi suna tauye wutar lantarki, ba duk wutar lantarki ba ta isa.Misali, lardunan da ke da albarkatu masu yawa kamar Qinghai da Mongoliya ta ciki a zahiri suna da isassun wutar lantarki.Amma duk da haka, ba kawai wutar lantarki ko photovoltaics ba, duk suna fuskantar babbar matsala: samar da wutar lantarki mara daidaituwa.

Yanayin yana ƙayyade adadin wutar lantarki da aka samar.Tushen samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic shine rana, ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikin rana tabbas ya fi na maraice, kuma ƙarfin wutar lantarki a ranar rana ya fi na lokacin damina.A sakamakon haka, samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic yana dogara ne akan yanayin kuma ba shi da ikon cin gashin kansa kwata-kwata.

Ajiye makamashi shine adana wutar lantarkin da ake samarwa a lokacin kololuwar lokaci ta wata hanya.Fasahar ajiyar makamashi ita ce ta sa samar da wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic ya fi kwanciyar hankali kuma ya cimma matsayin kololuwar aski da cika kwarin.A halin yanzu akwai manyan hanyoyin ajiyar makamashi guda biyu.Daya shine ajiyar makamashin lantarki, wanda ke amfani da batura don adana makamashin lantarki;Na biyu kuma shi ne makamashin hydrogen, wanda ke canza makamashin lantarki zuwa makamashin hydrogen, wanda ya dace da sufuri da adanawa, kuma ana iya amfani dashi lokacin da ake bukata.

Photovoltaic yana da wani koma-baya: yawan canjin hoto zai lalace akan lokaci.Bayan an gina tashar wutar lantarki, za ta iya yin aiki na tsawon shekaru ɗari, amma abubuwan da ke cikin tashar wutar lantarki a hankali suna tsufa a kan lokaci, kuma suna iya yin ritaya a cikin shekaru 15.

b.Sufurin Wutar Lantarki

Rashin samar da wutar lantarki a wurare daban-daban matsala ce ta tsarin.

Kasar Sin tana da kasa mai fadi da albarkatu masu yawa, kuma ba za a iya hada hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki gaba daya ba.A wurare irin su Yunnan da Sichuan, inda albarkatun ruwa ke da yawa, ana iya amfani da karin makamashin ruwa, kana ana amfani da wutar lantarki da iska da wutar lantarki a arewa maso yamma.Wurin yanki yana ƙayyade adadin ƙarfin wutar lantarki kai tsaye.Dole ne samar da wutar lantarki a yankunan da ke da bushewa a arewa maso yamma ya fi karfi fiye da wuraren da ake yawan ruwan sama a kudu maso gabas, kudu maso yamma da sauransu. Wani abin kunya shi ne yankunan da ke da albarkatun kasa ba su da yawa;yankunan da ke da yawan jama'a ba su da isassun albarkatu.Ko da yake yankunan gabashi da kudanci suna da yawan jama'a, duka biyun wutar lantarki da tsaftataccen wutar lantarki an hana su.

Matsalar rashin daidaituwar rabon albarkatun kasa da ke haifar da yanayin yanki shine matsalar da za'a magance don watsa wutar lantarki daga yamma zuwa gabas.Ana buƙatar wutar lantarki ta Arewa maso yamma, wutar lantarki, da wutar lantarki na kudu maso yammacin kudu zuwa yankunan da suka ci gaba a kudancin Gabas ta Tsakiya, wanda ke buƙatar ka'idojin grid na wutar lantarki da kuma buƙatar watsa wutar lantarki mai nisa na UHV da canji.

Ayyukan UHV, gami da kayan aiki, hasumiya,igiyoyin photovoltaicda kayayyakin more rayuwa, da dai sauransu, sun fi saka jari a cikin kayan aiki da igiyoyi a kasuwa.Kayan aiki sun haɗa da kayan aikin DC da kayan AC, kamar su masu canza wuta da reactors.

c.Ƙuntatawa na yanki

Me yasa Arewa maso yammacin kasar Sin kawai za su iya amfani da hotunan hoto?Domin a cikin fasahar da ta gabata, kasuwa yana da sha'awar samar da wutar lantarki ta tsakiya, yawancin nau'in nau'in nau'in hoto suna mamaye ƙasa don samar da wutar lantarki mai yawa.

Tarin kwamitin tsakiya, wuraren da ba su da yawa kamar Arewa maso Yamma ne kawai ke iya samun wannan yanayin.Duk da haka, albarkatun ƙasa a yankunan tsakiya da gabas suna da daraja sosai, kuma babu irin wannan yanayin don shiga cikin samar da wutar lantarki ta tsakiya, don haka rarraba wutar lantarki na photovoltaic yanzu ya shahara.

Akwai nau'ikan da aka rarraba guda biyu, ɗaya shine Photovoltoptop, ɗayan kuma an haɗa hoton hoto.Rooftop photovoltaics yana da ƙaƙƙarfan iyakancewa da ƙarancin inganci, don haka sakamakon ci gaba ba shi da kyau.Yanzu kasuwa yana da kyakkyawan fata game da haɗin kai na photovoltaic, wato, rufin hoto + bangon labule na hoto.Tashoshin wutar lantarki da aka rarraba suna nufin shuke-shuken wutar lantarki da ke ƙasa da 6MW, yawanci ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki da aka gina akan rufin gini da sauran wuraren da ba su da aiki.Nisa zuwa kaya yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, nisan watsawa yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma yana da sauƙi a shayar da shi a kan tabo, don haka masu yiwuwa suna da ban sha'awa sosai.