Chifukwa chiyani Photovoltaics Imakondedwa ndi Msika?Kodi Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation ili ndi Mwayi?

Musk adanenapo kuti: Ndipatseni malo ndi msomali pamapu a United States, ndipo nditha kupanga mphamvu zomwe zingapereke United States yonse.Njira yomwe adanena ndi mphamvu ya photovoltaic +kusungirako mphamvu.

Ngati chigawo chachikulu ku China, monga Inner Mongolia / Qinghai ndi zigawo zina zomwe zili ndi dera lalikulu, kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi nthaka zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magetsi, zikhoza kupereka mphamvu zamagetsi m'dzikoli pansi pazifukwa zabwino.

Kuchulukirachulukira komwe kwakhazikitsidwa ku China kwa ma photovoltaics ndi 254.4GW, koma potengera kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni, mphamvu yadzuwa yoyera, yopanda kuipitsidwa / yosatha ndiyo njira yodalirika kwambiri.

Mu lipoti lomwe linatulutsidwa mu Marichi chaka chino, zidanenedwa kuti pofika chaka cha 2030, mphamvu yaku China yoyika mphamvu ya photovoltaic idzafika 1,025GW, ndipo pofika 2060, mphamvu yopangira mphamvu ya photovoltaic idzafika 3800GW.Mphamvu zoyera zapano zikuphatikiza mphamvu ya hydropower/nyukiliya/mphamvu yamphepo/photovoltaic mphamvu yopangira mphamvu, zomwe sizili zazikulu.Chiŵerengero chodziŵika bwino n’chakuti chaka chatha, mphamvu yoikidwa ya mphamvu ya madzi inali makilowati 370 miliyoni, mphamvu ya nyukiliya inali makilowati 50 miliyoni, yamphamvu yamphepo inali makilowati 280 miliyoni, ndipo mphamvu ya photovoltaic inali makilowati 250 miliyoni.

Pali magwero ambiri amagetsi oyera, ndipo mphamvu yoyika mphamvu ya photovoltaic ndiyotsika kwambiri kuposa mphamvu yamphepo.Chifukwa chiyani msika uli ndi chiyembekezo chokhudza mphamvu ya photovoltaic?

1. Mtengo Wotsika

M'zaka khumi zapitazi, mtengo wa magetsi a photovoltaic pa kilowatt-ola wagwa ndi 89%, ndipo mtengo wamagetsi wamagetsi pa kilowatt-ola ndi imodzi mwa magetsi otsika kwambiri a mitundu yonse ya magetsi.Mtengo wapakati womanga malo opangira magetsi oyambira pansi mu 2019 ndi 4.55 yuan pa watt, panthawi yomwe mtengo wamagetsi ndi 0.44 yuan pa kilowatt-ola;mu 2020, mtengo wamagetsi ndi 3.8 yuan pa watt, ndipo mtengo wamagetsi ndi 0.36 yuan pa kilowati-ola.Mtengo womanga upitilira kutsika pamlingo wa 5-10% pachaka m'tsogolomu, ndipo deta imaneneratu kuti idzatsika mpaka 2.62 yuan / W pofika 2025.

Photovoltaic yaku China yakhazikitsa mwayi wofikira pa intaneti.Pakalipano, mizinda yochepa yoyamba ndi yachiwiri ndi madera ena omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochepa za dzuwa akadali ndi chithandizo cha photovoltaic.Madera ambiri akwanitsa kudzidalira okha, kuchepetsa mtengo wa photovoltaic, kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi za monocrystalline silicon / polycrystalline silicon, ndipo mtengo wake udzachepetsedwa kwambiri mtsogolomu.

Zomwe tikukumana nazo tsopano ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa mtsinje, ndipo mphamvu yopangira zida za silicon sizingagwirizane ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zokwera mtengo kwambiri.Ma module a Photovoltaic ndi mabatani ndi otsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa zaka zingapo zapitazo.

2. Nthawi Yaifupi Yomanga

Ntchito yomanga malo opangira magetsi amadzi ndiyovuta kwambiri.Zinatenga zaka 15 kuti amalize kumanga Damu la Three Gorges, ndipo anthu okwana 1.13 miliyoni anachotsedwa.Pansi pa zomwe zikuchitika pano, ndizovuta kumanganso ma Gorges Atatu, kuzungulira kwake ndikwatali kwambiri ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri.Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yomanga malo opangira magetsi amadzi akulu ndi apakatikati ndi zaka 5-10, ndipo nthawi yomanga malo ang'onoang'ono opangira mphamvu zamagetsi imatenganso zaka 2-3.Ubwino wokhawo ndikuti malo opangira magetsi amadzi amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito, kwa zaka zana limodzi.

Malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya ndi ntchito zazikulu kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza chitetezo cha nyukiliya.Njira yonse yovomerezeka yovomerezeka, zomangamanga, kukhazikitsa ndi kutumiza zitenga zaka 5-8.

Nthawi yoyika mphamvu yamphepo si nthawi yayitali, pafupifupi chaka chimodzi ndikwanira.

Kunena zoona, opanga magetsi a photovoltaic ndiye malo opangira magetsi opulumutsa nthawi.Centralized photovoltaic power generation angawonongenso nthawi, koma tsopano wotchuka anagawira photovoltaic, ndiko kuti, photovoltaic mphamvu zomera ndi lingaliro la grids mphamvu kapena ngakhale microgrids, mkati 3 miyezi Kumanga siteshoni mphamvu akhoza kutha, ndi nthawi yochepa. ndi abwino kwambiri pomanga ndalama zopangira ndalama.

Titakambirana za ubwino wake, tiyeni tione kuipa kwake.Nchifukwa chiyani msika udakali wodzaza ndi kukayikira za photovoltaics?

Mphamvu ya Photovoltaic tsopano ikukumana ndi mavuto atatu akuluakulu.Mmodzi ndi wosakhazikika magetsi kupanga, ndipo pali kuchuluka kwa zinyalala kuwala ndi magetsi;chachiwiri, malo opangira magetsi amakhala m’malo akutali kwambiri komanso ovuta kuwanyamula;chachitatu, photovoltaics yapakati imakhala ndi malo ambiri a Land.

Tisanthula nkhani zitatu izi imodzi ndi imodzi.

a.Kusiya Kuwala ndi Magetsi

Chifukwa cha kusiyidwa kwa kuwala ndikuti pali mphamvu zambiri zopangira mphamvu.

Ngakhale kuti maboma onse akuchepetsa magetsi, si magetsi onse osakwanira.Mwachitsanzo, zigawo zomwe zili ndi zowoneka bwino monga Qinghai ndi Inner Mongolia zili ndi mphamvu zokwanira zopangira magetsi.Koma ngakhale zili choncho, osati mphamvu yamphepo yokha kapena photovoltais, onse amakumana ndi vuto lalikulu: mphamvu zosagwirizana.

Nyengo imatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa magetsi opangidwa.Gwero la mphamvu ya photovoltaic ndi dzuwa, mphamvu yopangira mphamvu masana imakhala yaikulu kuposa madzulo, ndipo mphamvu yopangira mphamvu pa tsiku ladzuwa imakhala yaikulu kwambiri kuposa nyengo yamvula.Chotsatira chake, kupanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic kumadalira nyengo ndipo alibe kudziyimira pawokha.

Kusungirako mphamvu ndikusunga magetsi opangidwa panthawi yamphamvu mwanjira ina.Ukadaulo wosungira mphamvu ndikupangitsa kupanga magetsi a photovoltaic kukhala okhazikika ndikukwaniritsa malo ometa kwambiri komanso kudzaza zigwa.Panopa pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zosungira mphamvu.Imodzi ndi electrochemical energy storage, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mabatire kusunga mphamvu zamagetsi;ina ndi mphamvu ya haidrojeni, yomwe imatembenuza mphamvu yamagetsi kukhala mphamvu ya haidrojeni, yomwe ndi yabwino kwa mayendedwe ndi kusungidwa, ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakafunika.

Photovoltaic ili ndi zovuta zina: kutembenuka kwa photoelectric kudzawola pakapita nthawi.Malo opangira magetsi a hydropower atamangidwa, amatha kugwira ntchito kwa zaka zana, koma zida zamagetsi za photovoltaic zimakalamba pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi, ndipo zimatha kupuma zaka 15.

b.Mayendedwe Amagetsi

Kupanga magetsi kosagwirizana m'malo osiyanasiyana ndi vuto ladongosolo.

China ili ndi malo ochulukirapo komanso chuma chambiri, ndipo njira zopangira magetsi sizingafanane ndi zonse.M'madera monga Yunnan ndi Sichuan, kumene madzi ali ochuluka, mphamvu zambiri zamadzi zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo mphamvu yamphepo ndi mphamvu ya photovoltaic imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kumpoto chakumadzulo.Malo a malo amatsimikizira mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa magetsi.Kupanga magetsi m'madera ouma kumpoto chakumadzulo kuyenera kukhala kolimba kwambiri kuposa komwe kumakhala mvula yambiri kum'mwera chakum'mawa, kumwera chakumadzulo, ndi zina zotero. Chochititsa manyazi kwambiri ndi chakuti madera olemera kwambiri ali ndi anthu ochepa;madera okhala ndi anthu ambiri ali ndi zinthu zosakwanira.Ngakhale madera akum'mawa ndi kum'mwera ali ndi anthu ambiri, mphamvu zotentha komanso mphamvu zopangira magetsi ndizoletsedwa.

Vuto la kugawidwa kosagwirizana kwa zinthu zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha malo ndi vuto lomwe liyenera kuthetsedwa pakutumiza mphamvu kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kummawa.Mphamvu ya mphepo ya kumpoto chakumadzulo, mphamvu ya photovoltaic, ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa hydropower iyenera kutumizidwa kumadera otukuka kumwera kwa Middle East, zomwe zimafuna kuwongolera mphamvu ya gridi yamagetsi ndi kufunikira kwa ma UHV oyendetsa mtunda wautali ndi kusintha.

Ntchito za UHV, kuphatikiza zida, nsanja,zingwe za photovoltaicndi zomangamanga, etc., ndi ndalama zambiri ndalama mu zipangizo ndi zingwe mumsika.Zida zimaphatikizapo zida za DC ndi zida za AC, monga zosinthira ndi ma reactor.

c.Zoletsa Zachigawo

Chifukwa chiyani kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa China kokha kungagwiritse ntchito ma photovoltais?Chifukwa muukadaulo wam'mbuyomu, msika umakonda kupanga magetsi apakati a photovoltaic, mapanelo ambiri a photovoltaic amakhala pansi kuti apange magetsi ochulukirapo.

Kuchulukana kwapakati, madera okhala ndi anthu ochepa okha monga Kumpoto chakumadzulo ndi omwe angakhale ndi vutoli.Komabe, chuma cha nthaka m'chigawo chapakati ndi chakum'maŵa ndi chamtengo wapatali, ndipo palibe chikhalidwe choterocho kuti chigwirizane ndi magetsi apakati a photovoltaic, kotero kugawidwa kwa magetsi a photovoltaic tsopano kuli kotchuka.

Pali mitundu iwiri yogawidwa, imodzi ndi photovoltaic ya padenga, ndipo ina imaphatikizapo photovoltaic.Ma photovoltais a padenga ali ndi malire amphamvu komanso otsika kwambiri, choncho zotsatira zotsatsa sizili zabwino.Tsopano msika uli ndi chiyembekezo chokhudzana ndi kuphatikiza kwa photovoltaic, ndiko kuti, denga la photovoltaic + photovoltaic curtain wall.Mafakitale opangira magetsi a photovoltaic amatchulanso zopangira mphamvu za photovoltaic zomwe zili pansi pa 6MW, nthawi zambiri mapulojekiti opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi ma photovoltaic omangidwa pamadenga omanga ndi malo ena opanda kanthu.Mtunda wa katunduyo ndi waufupi, mtunda wotumizira ndi waufupi, ndipo n'zosavuta kutengeka pomwepo, kotero kuti ziyembekezo zimalonjeza kwambiri.