Kuki Photovoltaics itoneshwa nisoko?Ikwirakwizwa rya Photovoltaic Imbaraga zishobora kugira amahirwe?

Musk yigeze kuvuga ati: Mpa ikibanza gifite urutoki ku ikarita ya Amerika, kandi ndashobora gukora ingufu zishobora gutanga Amerika yose.Uburyo yavuze ni amashanyarazi yerekana amashanyarazi +kubika ingufu.

Niba intara nini mu Bushinwa, nka Mongoliya Imbere / Qinghai hamwe n’izindi ntara zifite ubuso bunini, urumuri rw’izuba hamwe n’ubutaka byose bikoreshwa mu kubyaza ingufu amashanyarazi, birashobora rwose gutanga amashanyarazi y’igihugu mu bihe byiza.

Muri iki gihe Ubushinwa bwashyizwemo ingufu za Photovoltaque ni 254.4GW, ariko hashingiwe ku kutabogama kwa karubone, ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y’izuba zitanduye, zidafite umwanda / zidashira.

Muri raporo yashyizwe ahagaragara muri Werurwe uyu mwaka, havuzwe ko mu 2030, Ubushinwa bwashyizeho ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikoresha amashanyarazi bizagera kuri 1,025GW, naho mu 2060, ingufu z'amashanyarazi zashyizweho zikagera kuri 3800GW.Ingufu zisukuye zirimo ingufu z'amashanyarazi / ingufu za kirimbuzi / ingufu z'umuyaga / amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi, ntabwo ari manini mu bunini.Umubare ugaragara neza ni uko umwaka ushize, ingufu z’amashanyarazi zashyizweho zari miliyoni 370 kilowat, ingufu za kirimbuzi zari miliyoni 50, ingufu z'umuyaga zikaba miliyoni 280 kilowat, naho ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikaba miliyoni 250 kilowati.

Hariho amasoko menshi yingufu zisukuye, kandi ubushobozi bwashyizweho bwingufu za Photovoltaque buracyari munsi yububasha bwumuyaga.Kuki isoko yizeye cyane imbaraga za Photovoltaque?

1. Igiciro gito

Mu myaka icumi ishize, ikiguzi cy’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi kuri kilowatt-isaha cyaragabanutseho 89%, kandi ikigereranyo cy’amashanyarazi ku isaha ya kilowatt ni imwe mu masoko ahendutse y’amoko yose y’amashanyarazi.Ikigereranyo cyo kubaka amashanyarazi akomoka ku butaka muri 2019 ni 4.55 Yuan kuri watt, icyo gihe igiciro cy’amashanyarazi ni 0.44 Yuan kuri kilowatt-saha;muri 2020, igiciro cyamashanyarazi ni 3.8 yuan kuri watt, naho igiciro cyamashanyarazi ni 0.36 yu kilowatt-saha.Igiciro cyo kubaka kizakomeza kugabanuka ku gipimo cya 5-10% ku mwaka mu gihe kiri imbere, kandi amakuru avuga ko azamanuka agera kuri 2.62 yu / W mu 2025.

Amafoto y’Ubushinwa yashyize mu bikorwa uburyo bwo kugera kuri interineti.Kugeza ubu, imijyi mike yo mucyiciro cya mbere nicyiciro cya kabiri hamwe nutundi turere dufite amikoro make yizuba aracyafite inkunga ya Photovoltaque.Uturere twinshi tumaze kugera ku kwihaza, kugabanya ikiguzi cya Photovoltaque, kongera ingufu z'amashanyarazi, kuzamura ingufu za silicon / monocrystalline silicon / polycrystalline silicon, kandi ibiciro bizagabanuka mugihe kizaza.

Icyo duhura nacyo ubu ni ikibazo cyo kubura hejuru, kandi ubushobozi bwo gukora ibikoresho bya silikoni ntibushobora kugendana nibikoreshwa, bikavamo amafaranga menshi cyane.Photovoltaic modules hamwe na brake bihendutse cyane kurenza imyaka mike ishize.

2. Igihe gito cyo kubaka

Kubaka sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi biragoye cyane.Byatwaye imyaka 15 kugirango hubakwe urugomero rwa Gorges eshatu, maze abasangwabutaka miliyoni 1.13.Mubihe byubu, biragoye kongera kubaka Imigezi itatu, uruziga ni rurerure kandi igiciro ni kinini.Muri rusange, igihe cyo kubaka sitasiyo nini nini nini nini ni imyaka 5-10, kandi igihe cyo kubaka sitasiyo ntoya nacyo gitwara imyaka 2-3.Gusa inyungu ni uko amashanyarazi afite amashanyarazi maremare akora, byibuze kumyaka ijana.

Amashanyarazi ya kirimbuzi niyo mishinga minini, irimo ibibazo byumutekano wa kirimbuzi.Inzira yose yo kwemeza amabwiriza, ubwubatsi, kubaka no gutangiza bizatwara imyaka 5-8.

Igihe cyo kwishyiriraho ingufu z'umuyaga ntabwo ari kirekire, hafi umwaka urahagije.

Ugereranije, kubyara amashanyarazi ni amashanyarazi menshi.Amashanyarazi akomatanyirijwe hamwe ashobora no guta igihe, ariko ubu amashanyarazi azwi cyane yakwirakwijwe, ni ukuvuga amashanyarazi yamashanyarazi hamwe nigitekerezo cya gride yamashanyarazi cyangwa na microgrid, mugihe cyamezi 3 Kubaka sitasiyo yamashanyarazi birashobora kurangira, kandi mugihe gito ni byiza cyane mu kubaka ishoramari.

Nyuma yo kuvuga ibyiza, reka turebe ibibi.Kuki isoko ikiri yuzuye gushidikanya kubyerekeye gufotora?

Amashanyarazi ya Photovoltaque ubu ahura nibibazo bitatu byingenzi.Imwe ni amashanyarazi adahungabana, kandi hariho urumuri runini rwumuriro n amashanyarazi;icya kabiri, amashanyarazi yibanda ahantu kure cyane kandi bigoye gutwara;icya gatatu, ifoto yerekana amashanyarazi ifata umwanya munini wubutaka.

Tuzasesengura ibi bibazo bitatu umwe umwe.

a.Kureka umucyo n'amashanyarazi

Impamvu yo gutererana urumuri nuko hariho ingufu nyinshi cyane.

Nubwo inzego zose zibanze zigabanya amashanyarazi, ntabwo amashanyarazi yose adahagije.Kurugero, intara zifite ibintu byinshi nyaburanga nka Qinghai na Mongoliya Imbere bifite ingufu zihagije.Ariko nubwo bimeze bityo, ntabwo imbaraga z'umuyaga gusa cyangwa ifoto yerekana amashanyarazi, zose zihura nikibazo gikomeye: kubyara ingufu zingana.

Ikirere kigena umubare w'amashanyarazi yatanzwe.Inkomoko yumuriro w'amashanyarazi ni izuba, kubyara amashanyarazi kumanywa rwose birarenze ibyo nimugoroba, kandi amashanyarazi kumunsi wizuba rwose ararenze ayo mubihe by'imvura.Nkigisubizo, amashanyarazi yamashanyarazi ashingira kubihe kandi nta bwigenge na busa afite.

Kubika ingufu ni ukubika amashanyarazi yatanzwe mugihe cyimpera muburyo bumwe.Ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu nugukora amashanyarazi yifotora arusheho gushikama no kugera kumyogosho yimisozi no kuzura ikibaya.Hano hari uburyo bubiri bwibanze bwo kubika ingufu.Imwe ni ububiko bw'amashanyarazi, ikoresha bateri kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi;indi ni ingufu za hydrogen, zihindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi ingufu za hydrogène, zorohereza ubwikorezi no kubika, kandi zishobora gukoreshwa mugihe bikenewe.

Photovoltaic ifite ikindi kibazo: igipimo cyo guhindura amashanyarazi kizangirika mugihe.Sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi imaze kubakwa, irashobora gukora imyaka ijana, ariko ibice bigize sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi bifata imyaka buhoro buhoro, kandi birashobora gusezera mumyaka 15.

b.Gutwara amashanyarazi

Amashanyarazi ataringaniye ahantu hatandukanye nikibazo cya sisitemu.

Ubushinwa bufite ubutaka bunini nubutunzi bwinshi, kandi uburyo bwo kubyara amashanyarazi ntibushobora kuba rusange.Ahantu nka Yunnan na Sichuan, aho umutungo wamazi ari mwinshi, hashobora gukoreshwa ingufu nyinshi zamashanyarazi, kandi ingufu zumuyaga nimbaraga zamashanyarazi zikoreshwa cyane mumajyaruguru yuburengerazuba.Ikibanza cya geografiya kigena neza umubare w'amashanyarazi.Amashanyarazi mu turere twumutse mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba agomba gukomera cyane kuruta ahantu hagwa imvura nyinshi mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba, mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba, n'ibindi. Igiteye isoni ni uko uduce dukungahaye ku mutungo dufite abaturage bake;uturere dutuwe cyane dufite amikoro adahagije.Nubwo uturere twiburasirazuba n’amajyepfo dufite abaturage benshi, ingufu zumuriro n’amashanyarazi meza birabujijwe.

Ikibazo cyo gukwirakwiza kuringaniza umutungo uterwa nubutaka bwa geografiya nikibazo kigomba gukemurwa kugirango amashanyarazi avuye iburengerazuba agana iburasirazuba.Amashanyarazi y’amajyaruguru y’iburengerazuba, ingufu za Photovoltaque, hamwe n’amashanyarazi y’amajyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba bigomba kujyanwa mu turere twateye imbere mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwo hagati, bisaba ko hajyaho umurongo w’amashanyarazi kandi hakenewe UHV amashanyarazi maremare no guhinduka.

Imishinga ya UHV, harimo ibikoresho, iminara,insinga z'amashanyarazin'ibikorwa remezo, nibindi, nishoramari ryinshi mubikoresho ninsinga kumasoko.Ibikoresho birimo ibikoresho bya DC nibikoresho bya AC, nka transformateur na reaction.

c.Inzitizi z’akarere

Kuki Ubushinwa bwamajyaruguru yuburengerazuba bwonyine bushobora gukoresha amafoto?Kuberako mu ikoranabuhanga ryabanje, isoko ishishikajwe no kubyara amashanyarazi hagati y’amashanyarazi, umubare munini wibikoresho bifotora bifata ubutaka kugirango bitange amashanyarazi menshi.

Ikusanyirizo ryibice byegeranye, gusa ahantu hatuwe cyane nkamajyaruguru yuburengerazuba bushobora kugira iyi miterere.Nyamara, umutungo wubutaka mu turere two hagati n’iburasirazuba ni uw'igiciro cyinshi, kandi nta mpamvu nk'iyo yo kwishora mu mashanyarazi akomatanyirijwe hamwe, bityo amashanyarazi akwirakwizwa na none arakunzwe.

Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwagabanijwe, bumwe ni hejuru yifoto yo hejuru, naho ubundi bwahujwe na Photovoltaque.Ifoto yo hejuru yinzu ifite aho igarukira kandi ikora neza, ibisubizo byo kuzamurwa rero ntabwo ari byiza.Ubu isoko irizera cyane kwishyira hamwe kwifoto, ni ukuvuga igisenge cyamafoto + urukuta rwumwenda.Ikwirakwizwa ryamashanyarazi ryamashanyarazi bivuga amashanyarazi yumuriro uri munsi ya 6MW, mubisanzwe umushinga wo kubyara amashanyarazi wubatswe hejuru yinzu no kubutayu bwubusa.Intera yumutwaro ni ngufi, intera yoherejwe ni ngufi, kandi biroroshye kwinjizwa ahantu, bityo ibyiringiro biratanga ikizere.