Kutheni i-Photovoltaics iThandwa yiMarike?Ngaba i-Ditributed Photovoltaic Power Generation inamathuba?

UMusk wakha wathi: Ndinike indawo enozipho kwimephu yase-United States, kwaye ndingenza amandla anokubonelela ngeUnited States yonke.Indlela wathi photovoltaic amandla okuvelisa +ukugcinwa kwamandla.

Ukuba iphondo elikhulu e-China, njenge-Inner Mongolia / Qinghai kunye namanye amaphondo anommandla omkhulu, konke ukukhanya kwelanga kunye nemithombo yomhlaba isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amandla, ngokwenene inokubonelela ngamandla ombane welizwe phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo.

I-China yangoku i-cumulative efakwe amandla e-photovoltaics yi-254.4GW, kodwa phantsi kwesiseko sokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, ucoceko, ungcoliseko / amandla angenakuphela elanga okwangoku lolona lwalathiso luthembisayo.

Kwingxelo ekhutshwe ngoMatshi kulo nyaka, kwakhankanywa ukuba ngo-2030, amandla okuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic e-China aya kufikelela kwi-1,025GW, kwaye ngo-2060, amandla okuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic afakwe kwi-3800GW.Amandla acocekileyo akhoyo ngoku aquka i-hydropower/nuclear power/wind power/photovoltaic power generation, engekho mkhulu kwisikali.Inani elicace ngakumbi lelokuba kulo nyaka uphelileyo, amandla afakiweyo ombane aziikilowatts ezigidi ezingama-370, amandla enyukliya aziziikhilomitha ezingama-50 ezigidi, amandla omoya aziziikhilomitha ezingama-280 ezigidi, aze amandla ephotovoltaic aziikhilomitha ezingama-250 ezigidi.

Kukho imithombo emininzi yamandla acocekileyo, kwaye umthamo ofakiweyo wamandla e-photovoltaic ungaphantsi kwanamandla omoya.Kutheni imarike inethemba kangaka malunga namandla e-photovoltaic?

1. Iindleko eziphantsi

Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, iindleko zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic nge-kilowatt-yure nganye yehle nge-89%, kwaye ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lombane nge-kilowatt-yure yenye yemithombo yamandla ephantsi kakhulu kuzo zonke iintlobo zokuvelisa amandla.Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lokwakhiwa kwezikhululo zamandla ezisekelwe emhlabeni ngo-2019 yi-4.55 yuan nge-watt nganye, ngelo xesha ixabiso lombane li-0.44 yuan nge-kilowatt-yure;ngo-2020, ixabiso lombane yi-3.8 yuan ngewathi nganye, kwaye ixabiso lombane yi-0.36 yuan ngekilowatt-yure nganye.Iindleko zokwakha ziya kuqhubeka zihla ngesantya se-5-10% ngonyaka kwixesha elizayo, kwaye idatha iqikelela ukuba iya kuhla kwi-2.62 yuan / W ngo-2025.

I-photovoltaic yaseChina iphumeze ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi ngokulinganayo.Okwangoku, kuphela izixeko ezimbalwa zokuqala kunye nesibini kunye neminye imimandla enezixhobo ezimbalwa zokukhanya kwelanga ezisenayo i-photovoltaic subsidies.Uninzi lwemimandla sele lufezekise ukuzimela, ukunciphisa iindleko ze-photovoltaic, ukunyuka kokuveliswa kwamandla okusebenza, ukuphucula ukuveliswa kwamandla okusebenza kwe-silicon ye-monocrystalline / polycrystalline silicon, kwaye iindleko ziya kuncitshiswa ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo.

Into esijongene nayo ngoku yingxaki yokunqongophala okuphezulu, kunye nomthamo wemveliso ye-silicon ayinakukwazi ukugcina ukusetyenziswa, okukhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu kakhulu.Iimodyuli ze-Photovoltaic kunye neebakaki zibiza kakhulu kuneminyaka embalwa edlulileyo.

2. Ixesha elifutshane loKwakha

Ukwakhiwa kwesikhululo sombane wamanzi kunzima kakhulu.Kuthathe iminyaka eli-15 ukugqiba ukwakhiwa kweDama lemiwonyo emithathu, kwaye abantu bomthonyama abasisi-1.13 sezigidi basuswa.Ngaphantsi kwemeko yangoku, kunzima ukuphinda kwakhiwe iiGorges eziThathu, umjikelo ude kakhulu kwaye iindleko ziphezulu kakhulu.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ixesha lokwakhiwa kwezikhululo zamanzi amakhulu kunye naphakathi yiminyaka emi-5-10, kwaye ixesha lokwakhiwa kwezikhululo zombane ezincinci zithatha iminyaka emi-2-3.Inzuzo kuphela kukuba isikhululo sombane wamanzi sinomjikelo omde wokusebenza, ubuncinci iminyaka elikhulu.

Imizi-mveliso yamandla enyukliya ziiprojekthi ezinkulu ngakumbi, ezibandakanya imiba yokhuseleko lwenyukliya.Yonke inkqubo yokuvunywa kolawulo, ubunjineli boluntu, ukufakwa kunye nokugunyaziswa kuya kuthatha iminyaka emi-5-8.

Ixesha lofakelo lwamandla omoya alikho kangako, malunga nonyaka omnye wanele.

Xa sithetha ngokuthelekisa, ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic sesona sikhululo samandla songa ixesha.I-centralized photovoltaic power generation inokuchitha ixesha elithile, kodwa ngoku i-photovoltaic ethandwayo esasazwayo, oko kukuthi, izityalo zamandla e-photovoltaic kunye nombono weegridi zamandla okanye i-microgrids, kwiinyanga ezi-3 Ukwakhiwa kwesikhululo samandla kunokugqitywa, kunye nexesha elifutshane. ilunge kakhulu kulwakhiwo lwemali eyinkunzi.

Emva kokuthetha ngeengenelo, makhe sijonge izinto ezingeloncedo.Kutheni imarike isagcwele amathandabuzo malunga ne-photovoltaics?

Ukuveliswa kwamandla e-Photovoltaic ngoku kujongene neengxaki ezintathu ezinkulu.Enye imveliso yamandla engazinzanga, kwaye kukho ubuninzi benkunkuma yokukhanya kunye nombane;okwesibini, izikhululo zombane zixinaniswe kwiindawo ezikude kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukuzihambisa;okwesithathu, i-photovoltaics esembindini ithatha indawo enkulu yoMhlaba.

Siza kuhlalutya le miba mithathu nganye nganye.

a.Ukulahla ukukhanya kunye noMbane

Isizathu sokulahlwa kokukhanya kukuba kukho ukuveliswa kwamandla amaninzi.

Nangona bonke oorhulumente basekhaya becutha umbane, ayinguye wonke umbane awonelanga.Umzekelo, amaphondo anobutyebi obuninzi bembonakalo enje ngeQinghai kunye ne-Inner Mongolia eneneni anemveliso yamandla eyaneleyo.Kodwa nangona kunjalo, kungekhona kuphela amandla omoya okanye i-photovoltaics, bonke bajongene nengxaki enkulu: ukuveliswa kwamandla angalingani.

Imozulu imisela ubungakanani bombane ovelisiweyo.Umthombo wokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic ilanga, ukuveliswa kwamandla emini ngokuqinisekileyo kukhulu kunokuba kusihlwa, kwaye ukuveliswa kwamandla ngosuku olunelanga ngokuqinisekileyo kukhulu kunoko kwimozulu yemvula.Ngenxa yoko, ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kuxhomekeke kwimozulu kwaye akukho kuzimela konke konke.

Ugcino lwamandla kukugcina umbane oveliswe ngamaxesha obunzima ngandlela ithile.Itekhnoloji yokugcina amandla kukwenza ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kuzinzile kwaye kufezekiswe imeko yokucheba i-peak kunye nokuzaliswa kwentlambo.Ngoku kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokugcina amandla.Enye i-electrochemical energy storage, esebenzisa iibhetri ukugcina amandla ombane;elinye ngamandla ehydrogen, aguqula amandla ombane abe ngamandla ehydrogen, alungele ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa, kwaye anokusetyenziswa xa kuyimfuneko.

I-Photovoltaic inenye i-drawback: izinga lokuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric liya kubola ngokuhamba kwexesha.Emva kokuba isikhululo sombane wamanzi sakhiwe, sinokusebenza ikhulu leminyaka, kodwa amacandelo esikhululo samandla e-photovoltaic sikhula kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwaye sinokuthatha umhlala-phantsi kwiminyaka eli-15.

b.UThutho loMbane

Ukuveliswa kombane okungalinganiyo kwiindawo ngeendawo yingxaki yenkqubo.

I-China inomhlaba omkhulu kunye nobutyebi obuninzi, kwaye iindlela zokuvelisa amandla azinakwenziwa ngokubanzi.Kwiindawo ezifana neYunnan kunye neSichuan, apho imithombo yamanzi ininzi, amandla ombane amaninzi angasetyenziswa, kwaye amandla omoya kunye namandla e-photovoltaic asetyenziswa ngakumbi kumntla-ntshona.Indawo yejografi imisela ngokuthe ngqo ubungakanani bokuveliswa kwamandla.Ukuveliswa kombane kwiindawo eziyinkqantosi kumntla-ntshona kufuneka kube namandla ngakumbi kuneendawo ezinemvula eninzi kumzantsi-mpuma, kumzantsi-ntshona, njalo njalo. Eyona nto ibangela iintloni kukuba imimandla enobutyebi obuninzi inabemi abambalwa;iindawo ezixineneyo zinemithombo yoncedo eyaneleyo.Nangona imimandla esempuma kunye nesezantsi inabemi abaninzi, zombini amandla obushushu kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla acocekileyo kuthintelwe.

Ingxaki yokusasazwa kokungalingani kwemithombo ebangelwa yindawo yejografi yingxaki ekufuneka isonjululwe kukuhanjiswa kwamandla ukusuka entshona ukuya empuma.Amandla omoya aseMntla-ntshona, amandla e-photovoltaic, kunye nombane wasemzantsi-ntshona wombane kufuneka uthuthwe ukuya kwimimandla ephuhlisiwe esemazantsi kuMbindi Mpuma, nto leyo efuna ukulawulwa kothungelwano lwamandla kunye nemfuno yokuhanjiswa kwamandla omgama omde kunye ne-UHV.

Iiprojekthi ze-UHV, kubandakanya izixhobo, iinqaba,iintambo ze-photovoltaickunye neziseko zophuhliso, njl. njl., lutyalo-mali olukhulu kwizixhobo kunye neentambo kwimarike.Izixhobo ziquka izixhobo ze-DC kunye nezixhobo ze-AC, ezifana ne-transformers kunye ne-reactors.

c.Izithintelo zeNgingqi

Kutheni kuphela i-Northwestern China ingasebenzisa i-photovoltaics?Kuba kwitekhnoloji yangaphambili, intengiso inomdla kumandla ombane we-photovoltaic, inani elikhulu leepaneli ze-photovoltaic zihlala emhlabeni ukuvelisa umbane omkhulu.

Ukuqokelelwa kwephaneli ephakathi, kuphela iindawo ezinabemi abambalwa njengaseMntla-ntshona ezinokuba nale meko.Nangona kunjalo, izibonelelo zomhlaba kwimimandla esembindini nakwimpuma zixabiseke kakhulu, kwaye akukho meko enjalo yokuzibandakanya kwi-centralized photovoltaic power generation, ngoko ke ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic asasazwa ngoku kuyathandwa.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zokusasazwa, enye i-photovoltaic yophahla, kwaye enye i-photovoltaic edibeneyo.I-Rooftop photovoltaics inezithintelo ezinamandla kunye nokusebenza okuphantsi, ngoko ke iziphumo zokunyusa azilungile.Ngoku imarike inethemba ngakumbi malunga nokuhlanganiswa kwe-photovoltaic, oko kukuthi, uphahla lwe-photovoltaic + udonga lwamakhethini e-photovoltaic.Ukusasazwa kwezityalo zamandla e-photovoltaic zibhekiselele kwizixhobo zamandla e-photovoltaic ezingaphantsi kwe-6MW, ngokuqhelekileyo iiprojekthi zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic ezakhelwe kuphahla lwesakhiwo kunye nezinye iindawo ezingenamsebenzi.Umgama oya kumthwalo umfutshane, umgama wokuhambisa umfutshane, kwaye kulula ukuxutywa kwindawo, ngoko ke amathemba athembisa kakhulu.