Ikhebula le-DC lelanga
Ngenxa yomklamo wokufakwa kokushisa ongqimba oluphindwe kabili, i-H1Z2Z2-K isebenza kangcono ngogesi nangomshini kune-PV1-F. Izinga le-voltage ye-H1Z2Z2-K lingu-DC 1.5kV, kanti izinga le-voltage ye-PV1-F lingu-DC 1.0kV. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi i-H1Z2Z2-K inganikeza ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa kanye nokuzinza okuphezulu.
Izinga le-EN 50618 lihlanganisa izintambo zikagesi ezingenayo intuthu ephansi, eziguquguqukayo, ezixhunywe ngomshini owodwa futhi ezifakwe isivikelo.
Lezi zintambo zifanele ukusetshenziswa ohlangothini lwamandla aqondile (dc) lwezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic ezine-voltage ye-dc engu-1.5 kV phakathi kwama-conductor naphakathi kwama-conductor nomhlaba.
Ukufakwa kwamaphaneli elanga amaningi esimanje kusebenzisa intambo ye-Photovoltaic (PV) eyodwa, ephakathi kwe-10 ne-12 gauge AWG. Kudingeka izintambo ukuze kuxhunywe amaphaneli elanga kusilawuli sokushaja, i-inverter, kanye nebhethri (ohlelweni olungaphandle kwegridi).
Ikhebula elingu-6mm elinendawo enkulu enqamulayo, amandla okuthwala ugesi angafinyelela kuma-amps angu-35-45, okuphakeme kakhulu kunekhebula elingu-4mm. Ifanele izimo zamandla aphezulu, njengeziteshi zamandla ezinkulu namaphrojekthi e-photovoltaic ezentengiselwano, futhi ingaphatha ukudluliswa kogesi okuphezulu.
Ikhebula lelanga liyikhebula likagesi elenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamandla elanga (i-photovoltaic), elinokufakwa kokushisa okuqinile, okumelana nesimo sezulu njenge-XLPE ukuze kuphathwe ama-voltage aphezulu e-DC kanye nezimo zangaphandle. Ngokungafani nezintambo zikagesi ezijwayelekile, intambo ye-PV imelana kakhulu nokushisa, imisebe ye-UV, kanye nokucindezeleka komshini, okuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwesikhathi eside kanye nokuthembeka ekuxhumeni amaphaneli elanga, abalawuli beshaja, ama-inverter, namabhethri.
I-aluminium ngokuvamile ishibhile kunethusi, okuholela ezindleleni eziphansi zezinto zokwakha ekufakweni okukhulu kwelanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubunjalo bayo obulula benza kube lula ukuyiphatha nokuyifaka, ikakhulukazi emapulazini amakhulu elanga lapho kuvamile khona ukusebenzisa izintambo ezinde.
Izintambo zelanga zivame ukuklanywa ukuthi zihlale iminyaka engu-25 kuya kwengu-30 ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi sazo sokuphila sincike ezintweni ezifana nekhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuchayeka kwemvelo, nokuthi zifakwe futhi zinakekelwe kahle kangakanani.
Ikhebula lokwelula ilanga lihamba phakathi kwephaneli yelanga kanye nesiteshi samandla esiphathwayo noma ijeneretha yelanga ephathekayo noma phakathi kwamaphaneli amabili elanga, okuvumela isikhala esikhulu phakathi kwezinto zombili. Njengazo zonke ezinye izintambo zokwelula, lo mkhiqizo uvumela ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso okukhulu kwesistimu yakho yamandla elanga.
Ikhebula Lobunjiniyela Bamandla
Ikhebula le-MV liyikhebula le-Medium Voltage elisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amandla kagesi ngama-voltage ngokuvamile asukela ku-1 kilovolt (kV) kuya ku-35 kV noma ngisho nakufika ku-100 kV, kuye ngendinganiso. Lezi zintambo eziqinile neziguquguqukayo zibalulekile ekusatshalalisweni kwamandla ezindaweni zezimboni, eziteshini zikagesi, kanye namaphrojekthi wamandla avuselelekayo, ukuxhuma imithombo yokukhiqizwa kwamandla kubathengi kanye nokuphatha imithwalo emikhulu ngempumelelo.
Kumelwe usebenzise ikhebula le-voltage ephakathi (i-MV) ezinhlelweni ezisebenza phakathi kwe-1 kV (1,000 volts) kanye ne-35 kV (35,000 volts). Izintambo ze-MV zenzelwe ngqo ukusingatha ukucindezeleka kukagesi okuphezulu kanye nezidingo zokusatshalaliswa kwamandla kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana namanethiwekhi okusetshenziswa, iziteshi ezincane, kanye nezindawo ezinkulu zezimboni.
Izintambo ze-MV (Medium Voltage) zisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa nokusabalalisa amandla kagesi phakathi kwemigqa yokudlulisa enamandla aphezulu kanye namanethiwekhi okusabalalisa amandla aphansi. Zibalulekile ekunikezeni amandla izikhungo zezimboni, izakhiwo ezinkulu zezentengiselwano, kanye namanethiwekhi ezinsizakusebenza zasendaweni lapho kuhileleke khona amandla aphezulu kanye namabanga amade uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo ezivamile ezinamandla aphansi. Izicelo ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi ukunika amandla imishini esindayo emafektri, ukuphatha amandla okusebenza kwezimayini, kanye nokunikeza amandla ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemakhaya ezivela eziteshini ezincane.
Ngokobufakazi obusebenzayo, isikhathi sokuphila esilindelekile sezintambo zikagesi ezimaphakathi ngokuvamile siyiminyaka engama-25-35. Nokho, empeleni, zivame ukuhlala isikhathi eside kunalokhu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izintambo zingase zibhekane nokwehluleka okungalindelekile okuholela ekulungisweni okubizayo kanye nokuphela kukagesi.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezintambo ze-MV (Medium-Voltage) kanye ne-HV (High-Voltage) ububanzi bazo be-voltage. Izintambo ze-MV zisebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga eli-1 kV kuya ku-36 kV, kuyilapho izintambo ze-HV zisebenza phakathi kwebanga eli-36 kV kuya ku-550 kV nangaphezulu. Lo mehluko we-voltage unquma ukusetshenziswa kwazo kanye nezici ezithile.
Ikhebula le-high-voltage (HV) liyikhebula elinokushisa okuphezulu, elinomthwalo osindayo elidingekayo ekudlulisweni kwamandla e-high-voltage. Lisetshenziswa kumathuluzi, izinhlelo zokuthungela, kanye nokudluliswa kwamandla kagesi ashintshanayo (AC) kanye nogesi wamandla oqondile (DC) ezindaweni eziningi.
Ikhebula le-Extra high-voltage (ikhebula le-EHV) uhlobo lwekhebula lamandla elisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa inani elikhulu lamandla kagesi ngama-voltage aphezulu ebangeni elide. Le khebula ifaka i-conductor kanye ne-insulation, futhi ifanele ukuqhutshwa ngaphansi komhlaba noma ngaphansi kwamanzi.
I-High Voltage (HV): phakathi kuka-45 kV no-230 kV. I-Extra High Voltage (EHV): kusukela ku-230 kV nangaphezulu.
Izintambo zikagesi ezinamandla aphezulu ngokuyinhloko ziyi-Alternating Current (AC), kodwa futhi zingaba yi-Direct Current (DC) yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile, ikakhulukazi emabangeni amade lapho i-High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) isebenza kahle kakhulu ngenxa yokulahlekelwa yizintambo eziphansi, noma ukuxhuma amagridi angahambisani. Nakuba amagridi amaningi kagesi akhona eyi-AC ngenxa yentuthuko yomlando kanye nokulula kokuguqulwa kwamandla ngama-transformer, ubuchwepheshe be-HVDC busetshenziselwa izintambo zasemanzini kanye nokudluliselwa kwamandla amakhulu ngamakhilomitha amaningi.
Ikhebula Lomhlaba
Ukubopha umhlaba kuyindlela yokulawula ugesi evumela ukuthi amaza okuphazamiseka ageleze esuka lapho adalwe khona, abuyele ohlelweni lokufaka umhlaba, futhi angene emhlabeni.
Ngokungafani nokufaka umhlaba, okugxila ekuqondiseni amaza okushisa emhlabathini, ukubopha kuphathelene nokuxhuma izingxenye eziqhuba ugesi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zinamandla afanayo kagesi.
Intambo yokubopha idala uxhumano lukagesi olumelana kancane phakathi kwezingxenye zensimbi ezingathwali ugesi, njengamapayipi, izinto zikagesi, kanye nemishini yokubhukuda, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke zinamandla kagesi afanayo. Lokhu kuvimbela umehluko we-voltage oyingozi phakathi kwezinto, okungabangela ukushaqeka kukagesi, ngokunikeza indlela ephephile yokuthi ugesi ongasebenzi kahle ukhiphe noma usebenze i-circuit breaker.
Ikhebula Lebhethri
Ikhebula lebhethri yikhebula lemoto elinentambo eqinile yomqhubi oyedwa eyenziwe ngethusi elisindayo. Ngokuvamile lifakwa umswakama nge-PVC noma i-XLPE futhi lisetshenziselwa ukuxhumanisa izingxenye zemoto kagesi nebhethri lemoto ngokuphephile.
Usayizi wekhebula lebhethri lemoto ofanele uncike ku-amperage kanye nobude bokusebenza kwekhebula, kodwa osayizi abavamile basukela ku-6 AWG yezinhlelo zesitoko kuya ku-2 AWG noma i-1/0 AWG yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisindayo. Ukuze kufakwe isitoko esikhundleni saso, i-4 AWG ivame ukunconywa njengoba ivame ukuba namandla kakhulu kunezintambo zasefektri zokuqala.
Cha. Ubomvu buyi-positive kanti umnyama u-negative
Ukushintsha ikhebula lebhethri elilodwa kungathatha noma yikuphi kusukela kumaminithi angu-30 kuya ehoreni, kodwa umsebenzi wonke unganwetshwa uye emahoreni ambalwa noma ngaphezulu, kuye ngokuthi imoto ethile ikuphi, indawo yekhebula, kanye nezinga lakho lolwazi. Ikhebula elihle ngokuvamile lithatha isikhathi eside ngoba lixhuma ezingxenyeni eziningi njenge-starter kanye ne-alternator.
U-Anderson
Ikhebula lika-Anderson elisuka ku-Anderson lixhuma iphaneli yelanga kumlawuli welanga noma lixhuma isilawuli selanga ebhethrini ngesixhumi sepulaki lika-Anderson.
Ipulaki lika-Anderson liyisixhumi esisebenza kanzima, esinogesi ophezulu esisetshenziselwa ukuxhumanisa imithombo yamandla ngokuphephile nangokuphephile nezesekeli ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla ezimoto kanye ne-RV, ukuxhumeka kwamandla elanga, kanye nemishini yezimboni. Zithandwa ngoba zingaphatha imithwalo ephezulu, zimelane nezimo ezinzima, futhi zinikeza isisombululo sokuxhuma/sokunqamula esithembekile, esisheshayo esivame ukuba namandla kakhulu kunezibani zokukhanyisa ugwayi zendabuko.
Ungasebenzisa ipulaki ye-Anderson ukushaja ibhethri le-caravan. Amapulaki e-Anderson afika ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, izilinganiso zama-amp kanye nemibala.
Ngokusebenzisa ama-plug abomvu e-Anderson ukuvikela uhlelo lwakho ekuxhunyweni ngendlela engafanele. Ngokufanayo, uma usebenzisa iphaneli ene-regulator esivele ifakwe, khona-ke uzoba ne-plug empunga ye-Anderson (elandela i-regulator) njengoba iphephile ekuxhumekeni ngqo ebhethri.
Nakuba ezinye izindlela ezifana nezixhumi ze-XT60 kanye ne-Anderson zinezindawo zazo ezindaweni ezithile, izixhumi ze-MC4 zinikeza inhlanganisela engcono kakhulu yokusebenza, ukuqina, kanye nokungabizi.
Izixhumi ze-MC4 zenzelwe ukuxhumeka kwesikhathi eside, okumelana nesimo sezulu kuma-solar arrays aqinile. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izixhumi ze-Anderson zilungele kangcono izinhlelo zamandla eselula noma zesikhashana, njengezijeneretha eziphathwayo, amaphakethe ebhethri, noma amakhithi angasetshenziswa ensimini.
MC4
I-MC4 ibhekisela ohlotsheni lwesixhumi sikagesi samaphaneli elanga, esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Multi-Contact" enobubanzi bephini engu-4mm. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ukuxhuma amaphaneli elanga komunye nomunye noma kwezinye izingxenye ezifana nama-inverter kanye nezilawuli zokushaja, okunikeza uxhumano oluphephile, oluthembekile, nolumelana nesimo sezulu. Lezi zixhumi zenzelwe ukuqina futhi zinendlela yokukhiya ukuvimbela ukunqamuka ngengozi, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kohlelo.
Amaphaneli amaningi elanga asebenzisa izixhumi ze-MC4 manje. Lezi zixhumi ziqinile, ziphephile, futhi kulula ukuzisebenzisa. Esinye singesesilisa (sinephini), kanti esinye singesesifazane (sinesokhethi). Ziyaqhekeka ngokuchofoza futhi zihlale ziqinile, ngisho nangaphandle emvuleni.
Usayizi wesixhumi se-MC4 osidingayo uncike ekuphumeni kwephaneli yakho yelanga. Ngokuvamile, izixhumi ezingu-4mm² zifanele izinhlelo ezikhiqiza ngaphansi kuka-20A, kuyilapho izixhumi ezingu-6mm² zinconywa ezinhlelweni ezikhiqiza u-20A noma ngaphezulu. Njalo fanisa usayizi wesixhumi nezidingo zekhebula lakho kanye nesilinganiso sesistimu.
Amaphaneli amaningi elanga asebenzisa izixhumi ze-MC4, okuyizinga lomkhakha lokuthembeka kwazo, ukumelana nesimo sezulu, kanye nokulula kokusetshenziswa. Lezi zixhumi zenzelwe ukudala uxhumano oluphephile, olungangeni manzi, nolungangeni uthuli phakathi kwezingxenye zelanga. Ezinye izinhlobo, njengezixhumi ze-T4, i-Tyco, ne-Radox, nazo zikhona kodwa azivamile.
"Isixhumi se-Amphenol" uhlobo lwesixhumi se-elekthronikhi esikhiqizwa yi-Amphenol Corp., omunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu emhlabeni bemikhiqizo yokuxhumanisa, i-antenna, kanye ne-sensor. Leli gama lingabhekisela emgqeni omkhulu womkhiqizo wenkampani, ohlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi zezixhumi ezifana nezinhlobo zesilinda, unxande, isiyingi, kanye ne-fiber optic, eziningi zazo ezenzelwe ukusetshenziswa okudingakalayo ezimakethe ezifana nezindiza, izimoto, kanye nemishini yezimboni.
Njengesixhumi se-MC4 sabesilisa, ithuluzi elikhethekile lokugoqa liyadingeka ukuze kugoqwe kahle isixhumi se-MC4 sabesifazane. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukulingana kahle kanye nokusebenza kahle komoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugoqa kancane imicu yethusi ngaphambi kokugoqa kwandisa indawo yokuxhumana ngaphakathi kwetheminali yensimbi, okuthuthukisa ukuzinza kokuxhumana.
Itheminali ye-DC yohlobo lwe-Y iyisixhumi esikhethekile sezitshalo ze-photovoltaic. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuxhuma iphaneli yelanga yangaphandle ebhokisini le-inverter/combiner. Umsebenzi wayo ukuxhuma izintambo ze-PV ezimbili ngokulingana nesekethe elilodwa.
Izixhumi zegatsha le-MC4 zisetshenziselwa ukuxhumana okuhambisanayo phakathi kwamaphaneli elanga, zixhumanisa amaphaneli amaningi elanga ndawonye futhi zenzelwe ukuvikela isimo sezulu sangaphandle. Njengoba zithengiswa ngamabili, lezi "zixhumi ze-Y" zigcina i-voltage yokucushwa kwephaneli yakho ukuze ifane nosayizi webhethri lakho.
I-MC4 Y Branch Connector 4 Way to 1 Way Combiner Cable Set isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amaphaneli elanga ngokulandelana noma ngokulingana futhi ilungele ukuxhuma amaphaneli elanga ndawonye. Ikuvumela ukuxhuma izixhumi ezine ezizimele zokufaka/zokukhipha kusixhumi esisodwa se-MC4 ngakolunye uhlangothi lwephaneli yakho yelanga.
I-XT60
Isixhumi se-XT60 siyisixhumi sikagesi esihlanganisiwe esisetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla aphezulu, njengakuma-drones, izimoto ze-RC, kanye nama-battery packs. Singakwazi ukusingatha ugesi oqhubekayo ofinyelela ku-30A kanye nogesi wesikhashana ofinyelela ku-60A, oqukethe indlu ye-nylon eqinile kanye nokuxhumana kwethusi okumbozwe ngegolide ukuze kube nokuqhuba okuhle. Umklamo ohlanganisiwe uvimbela ukuhlangana kwe-polarity okuphambene ngengozi.
Izixhumi ze-MC4 ziyizixhumi ezijwayelekile, ezingamelani nesimo sezulu, ezinama-voltage aphezulu, kanye nezamandla aphezulu zamaphaneli elanga angaphandle, kanti izixhumi ze-XT60 ziyizixhumi ezijwayelekile zezinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla angaphakathi, aphansi kuya kwaphakathi njengezindiza ezidonswayo, amathuluzi kagesi, kanye nezinye iziteshi zamandla eziphathwayo. Umehluko oyinhloko ukumelana nesimo sezulu kwe-MC4 kanye nomthamo wamandla aphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuguquguquka kwe-XT60 kanye nomklamo olula, osheshayo wokuxhuma wemisebenzi engadingi kakhulu.
Isixhumi se-Diode
1. Xhuma i-diode ngokulandelana ne-terminal eqondile yentambo ye-PV (isixhumi sesilisa se-MC4 sixhuma kwi-terminal eqondile yemojuli, kanti isixhumi sesifazane sixhuma kwi-inverter input).
2.Qinisekisa ukuthi isixhumi sixhunywe kahle. Ngemva kokuchofoza, donsa kancane ukuze uhlole ukuthi siphephile yini.
3. Gwema ukugoba noma ukwelula ikhebula; qiniseka ukuthi lilenga ngokukhululeka ukuze lishabalale ukushisa.
Ngamafuphi, i-anti-reverse diode iyisici esibalulekile sokuvikela kusekethe. Umsebenzi wayo ubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela i-reverse current ukuthi ingonakalisi ezinye izingxenye. Abaklami kudingeka bacabangele ukusetshenziswa kwama-anti-reverse diode ekwakhiweni kwesekethe ukuvikela ukusebenza okuvamile kwesekethe.
I-MC4 Fuse
Yebo, i-fuse esixhumini se-MC4 esine-fuse eyakhelwe ngaphakathi yenzelwe ukuthi ifinyeleleke kalula futhi ithathelwe indawo, okwenza ukulungiswa kube lula futhi kube lula. Ukuze ukhethe i-fuse efanele yesixhumi sakho se-MC4, cabanga ngezinto ezifana nesilinganiso samanje, isilinganiso se-voltage, kanye nohlobo lwe-fuse.
Amaphaneli elanga axhunywe ngochungechunge ngokuvamile awanayo i-fuse, kanti lawo mawaya ahambisanayo anayo i-fuse. Uma exhunywe ngochungechunge, ugesi wamaphaneli elanga cishe uzodlula ama-amps. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yogesi ongaphezu kwamandla, yingakho ukufakwa kwamaphaneli elanga axhunywe ngochungechunge ngokuvamile kune-fuse.
Ngokuvamile, ama-fuse ephaneli yelanga kufanele abekwe entanjeni eqondile (ebomvu) ukuvikela isekethe ekushiseni ngokweqile kanye nasezindaweni ezimfushane. Nakuba ukuhlanganisa uhlangothi olungalungile kungenzeka ngogesi, ukuhlanganisa intambo eqondile kuyindlela ejwayelekile futhi ephephile, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezinamaphaneli amaningi, ngoba ukufinyela phansi kungadlula i-fuse entanjeni engalungile.
I-DC Fuse
Ngemva kokufaka i-DC fuse, lapho ugesi udlula inani lamanje elingamelana ne-DC fuse, i-DC fuse izoncibilika futhi iziphule ngenxa yokushisa okubangelwa ugesi odlulele, okuzobulala ingozi ebhodleleni futhi kuvikele ngokuphelele umugqa ekulimaleni.
Ama-fuse e-DC adlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zikagesi ngokuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okubalulekile kuma-overcurrent kanye nama-short circuits. Amandla awo okuphazamisa i-circuit nokuvimbela umonakalo aqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemishini ebucayi, anciphisa ingozi yomlilo, futhi avikele abasebenzi.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wefusi ye-DC (Direct Current) ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kokushisa okungaphezu kwamandla kagesi kusekethe kagesi ye-DC. Amafusi e-DC aklanyelwe ukuvula noma ukuphula isekethe uma kwenzeka ugesi ongaphezu kwamandla, okusiza ukuvimbela umonakalo kusekethe, imishini exhunyiwe, kanye nemililo kagesi.
Umthetho wokuqala wokulinganisa ubukhulu befusi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ifusi izovunguza ngaphambi kokuba intambo ishise kakhulu. Ngokuvamile ubheka ubukhulu bentambo etafuleni le-ampacity bese uqinisekisa ukuthi ifusi incane kunobukhulu bentambo. Kulesi simo ubukhulu bungaba cishe ama-amps angu-20 (kuye ngokuthi ithebula olisebenzisayo)
Yebo, kunconywa ukufaka i-fuse noma i-circuit breaker phakathi kwamaphaneli elanga kanye nesilawuli sokushaja, ikakhulukazi ngamaphaneli amaningi noma izintambo ezihambisanayo, ukuvikela ekushiseni ngokweqile, emlilweni, kanye nomonakalo ovela kumasekethe amafushane. I-fuse yengeza ungqimba lokuphepha ngokuphazamisa ukuhamba kukagesi uma kwenzeka iphutha, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zesistimu kanye nezintambo azigcwali ngokweqile.
I-MCB
I-MCB, noma i-Miniature Circuit Breaker, iyiswishi kagesi ezenzakalelayo eyenzelwe ukuvikela isekethe emonakalweni obangelwa yi-overcurrents efana nama-short circuits kanye nokulayisha ngokweqile. Isebenza umsebenzi ofanayo ne-fuse kodwa ingaphinde isethwe kabusha futhi isetshenziswe esikhundleni sokudinga ukushintshwa ngemva kokuwa kwayo, okwenza kube yindlela ephephile futhi elula kakhulu yamakhaya namahhovisi.
Ama-DC breaker abalulekile kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza oludinga ukuvikelwa ku-direct current. Avame ukutholakala kumasekethe okuphakelwa kwebhethri, izinhlelo zokuthutha, kanye nezinhlelo ze-solar photovoltaic.
Ama-DC circuit breaker anikeza izikhathi zokuphendula ezisheshayo, ukucima okungcono kwe-arc, ukwehla kwamandla kagesi aphansi, kanye nokukhetha okwandisiwe. Lezi zinzuzo ziwenza abe ngcono ekuvikeleni izinhlelo ze-solar photovoltaic, isitoreji sebhethri, kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla avuselelekayo.
Izizathu eziyinhloko zokushintsha i-fuse nge-circuit breaker kuphaneli yokulawula ukulula kanye nezindleko zokusebenza. Uma i-breaker iphuka, "ukulungisa" kulula njengokushintsha iswishi. Kodwa uma i-fuse ivuthelwa, yonke i-fuse idinga ukushintshwa.
I-DC breaker iyithuluzi lokuphepha likagesi eliphazamisa ukuhamba komsinga oqondile (DC) kusekethe lapho umsinga udlula izinga eliphephile, uvikela izingxenye ezivela kuma-overcurrents, ama-short circuits, kanye nemililo engaba khona. Ama-DC breaker ayadingeka kumsinga ohamba ngendlela eyodwa, njengasezinhlelweni zelanga, futhi anezici ezikhethekile zokucisha i-DC arc eqhubekayo, kuyilapho ama-AC breaker esebenzisa i-zero-crossing yemvelo yomsinga ukusiza ukucisha ama-arcs ezinhlelweni ze-AC, okwenza kube lula. Ukusebenzisa i-AC breaker ohlelweni lwe-DC kungaba yingozi, njengoba kungase kwehluleka ukuphazamisa umsinga futhi kungalimaza i-breaker kanye nesekethe.
I-alternating current (AC) circuit breaker ibhekisela kudivayisi yokushintshana ngomshini esetshenziselwa ukuvala noma ukuvula isekethe. Ama-circuit breaker ayakwazi ukuthwala nokuphula ama-current ngaphansi kwezimo zesekethe ezijwayelekile.
I-AC breaker embi ingabonakala ngokukhubeka njalo, umuzwa oshisayo uma uthinta, noma iphunga elivuthayo. Ingase futhi yehluleke ukusetha kabusha noma yenze imisindo engavamile njengokubhuza noma ukuchofoza. Uchwepheshe angasebenzisa ne-multimeter ukuhlola i-voltage, njengoba i-AC breaker enhle izobonisa i-voltage elindelekile uma ivuliwe, kanti engalungile ingabonisa ukufundwa okungu-zero noma okungalingani.
Yebo, i-breaker ekhubekile ingabangela umlilo uma inkinga ingaxazululwa. Nakuba i-breaker ngokwayo iyisici sokuphepha esenzelwe ukuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile, ukuyisetha kabusha njalo ngaphandle kokuthola ukuthi kungani ikhubeka kuyiphutha eliyingozi.
Ibhokisi Le-Solar Junction
Amabhokisi okuxhumanisa amaphaneli elanga ayizingxenye ezibalulekile zanoma yiluphi uhlelo lwamandla elanga, ahlinzeka ngokuxhumeka okudingekayo kwamaphaneli elanga nezinye izingxenye zesistimu yakho. Aphinde ahlinzeke ngezinyathelo zokuphepha ezibalulekile zokuvikela ikhaya lakho noma ibhizinisi lakho ezingozini zokuphepha njengokushaqeka kukagesi.
Ama-DC breaker abalulekile kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza oludinga ukuvikelwa ku-direct current. Avame ukutholakala kumasekethe okuphakelwa kwebhethri, izinhlelo zokuthutha, kanye nezinhlelo ze-solar photovoltaic.
Yebo, cishe njalo udinga ibhokisi lokuxhumanisa noma nini lapho wenza i-splice yentambo kagesi noma udinga ukufaka uxhumano lukagesi, njengoba amakhodi kagesi adinga ukuthi zonke izixhumanisi zentambo zibe ngaphakathi kwendawo evikelekile nefinyelelekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuvimbela izingozi. Amabhokisi okuxhumanisa avikela izintambo emonakalweni wangaphandle, aqukethe izinhlansi, ahlinzeka ngendawo evikelekile yokufaka amadivayisi, futhi enza ukulungiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kube lula kakhulu.
Ibhokisi Lokuhlanganisa: Lihlanganisa amandla avela emithonjeni eyahlukene futhi lifaka izici zokuphepha.
Ibhokisi Lokuxhumanisa: Livikela ukuxhumeka kwezintambo, hhayi ukuhlanganisa okokufaka kwamandla.
Ibhokisi Le-Solar Junction
Amabhokisi okuxhumanisa amaphaneli elanga ayizingxenye ezibalulekile zanoma yiluphi uhlelo lwamandla elanga, ahlinzeka ngokuxhumeka okudingekayo kwamaphaneli elanga nezinye izingxenye zesistimu yakho. Aphinde ahlinzeke ngezinyathelo zokuphepha ezibalulekile zokuvikela ikhaya lakho noma ibhizinisi lakho ezingozini zokuphepha njengokushaqeka kukagesi.
Ama-DC breaker abalulekile kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza oludinga ukuvikelwa ku-direct current. Avame ukutholakala kumasekethe okuphakelwa kwebhethri, izinhlelo zokuthutha, kanye nezinhlelo ze-solar photovoltaic.
Yebo, cishe njalo udinga ibhokisi lokuxhumanisa noma nini lapho wenza i-splice yentambo kagesi noma udinga ukufaka uxhumano lukagesi, njengoba amakhodi kagesi adinga ukuthi zonke izixhumanisi zentambo zibe ngaphakathi kwendawo evikelekile nefinyelelekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuvimbela izingozi. Amabhokisi okuxhumanisa avikela izintambo emonakalweni wangaphandle, aqukethe izinhlansi, ahlinzeka ngendawo evikelekile yokufaka amadivayisi, futhi enza ukulungiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kube lula kakhulu.
Ibhokisi Lokuhlanganisa: Lihlanganisa amandla avela emithonjeni eyahlukene futhi lifaka izici zokuphepha.
Ibhokisi Lokuxhumanisa: Livikela ukuxhumeka kwezintambo, hhayi ukuhlanganisa okokufaka kwamandla.
Ibhokisi Lokuhlanganisa Ilanga
Ibhokisi lokuhlanganisa amandla elanga lihlanganisa amandla kagesi avela ezintanjeni eziningi zamaphaneli elanga abe yisekethe eyodwa, esebenza njengendawo ephakathi yokuhlangana ngaphambi kokuba amandla afike ku-inverter. Livikela uhlelo ngokufaka amadivayisi okuvikela amandla angaphezu kwamandla afana nama-fuse noma ama-circuit breaker entambo ngayinye, kanye namadivayisi okuvikela amandla, ukuze kuvikelwe emaphutheni kagesi kanye nokwanda kwamandla.
Ngokuvamile awudingi ibhokisi lokuhlanganisa uma unezintambo ezimbalwa zamaphaneli elanga (eyodwa kuya kwezintathu), kodwa udinga eyodwa yezinhlelo ezinezintambo ezingaphezu kwezintathu, noma yamaphrojekthi amakhulu ezentengiselwano kanye nezinsizakalo. Amabhokisi okuhlanganisa ayadingeka ukuphatha nokuhlanganisa ngokuphephile izintambo eziningi ezivela ezintanjeni eziningi zamaphaneli, okuhlinzeka ngezici ezifana nokuhlanganiswa, ukuvikelwa kokukhuphuka, kanye nokunqanyulwa okuthuthukisa ukuphepha, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokugcinwa.
Izilinganiso zamandla kagesi kanye nezamandla kagesi zamaphaneli akho elanga zizonquma ukuthi yiliphi ibhokisi lokuhlanganisa elifanele. Uma usebenza nezinhlelo zama-voltage aphezulu (isb., 1000V), khetha ibhokisi lokuhlanganisa elenzelwe ukuphatha lawo mazinga. Ngokufanayo, qiniseka ukuthi ibhokisi lingakwazi ukuphatha amandla kagesi adingekayo ohlelweni lwakho.
Iswishi Yokuhlukaniswa
Ama-switch disconnector, aziwa nangokuthi 'ama-isolators', njengoba amagama esikisela, angama-switch asetshenziselwa ukuvala (nokuvula) ugesi.
Okokuqala, kusiza ekuvikeleni idivayisi yakho ekushintsheni kwamandla kagesi. Okwesibili, ikuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise idivayisi kalula namandla kagesi, okuwusizo uma udinga ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa. Okwesithathu, kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha kwamadivayisi ngokuvimbela ukushaqeka kukagesi ngengozi.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-circuit breaker noma ama-motor switch angadinga ukushintshwa ngemva kweminyaka eminingana yokusebenza kanzima. Ama-switch ahlukanisayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, angahlala iminyaka efinyelela kwengu-25-30, ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni zokudlulisa amandla lapho angasetshenziswa khona izikhathi ezimbalwa ngonyaka.
Iswishi ye-DC i-isolator ivumela amandla ayisa kusekethe kagesi ukuthi avulwe noma acinywe ngokudala noma ukuphula uxhumano lukagesi. Inhloso yayo ukuhlukanisa uhlelo lwakho ngokuphephile emthonjeni walo wamandla, njengamabhethri noma amaphaneli elanga, ngenkathi futhi ivumela ukunqanyulwa kwesekethe ngesandla ngezizathu zokuphepha.
I-isolator iyiswishi yomshini esetshenziselwa ukuxhuma ingxenye yesekethe kagesi kulo lonke uhlelo. I-circuit breaker iyiswishi ezenzakalelayo eyenzelwe ukuvikela uhlelo lukagesi ekugcwaleni ngokweqile, kumasekethe amafushane, kanye namaphutha omhlaba.
Ngokungafani nama-AC Isolators, anqamula uhlelo kusuka kugridi, ama-DC Isolators aphazamisa ukuhamba kwamandla kagesi e-DC kusuka kumaphaneli elanga kuya ku-inverter.
Ama-aircon isolators aklanyelwe futhi asetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukushintsha kokuphepha kwasekhaya ukuthi kungawi ngokuphindaphindiwe uma uhlelo lokupholisa umoya lunephutha. I-isolator inqamula ugesi kusuka kuyunithi ngokushesha nje lapho ihlangana nanoma iyiphi iphutha likagesi elingavamile noma ukungasebenzi kahle.
I-SPD
Amadivayisi Okuvikela Ukwanda (i-SPD) asetshenziselwa ukuvikela ukufakwa kukagesi, okuhlanganisa iyunithi yabathengi, izintambo kanye nezesekeli, ekukhuphukeni kwamandla kagesi okwaziwa ngokuthi ama-overvoltage esikhashana.
I-DC SPD, igama eligcwele elithi Direct Current Surge Protection Device, iyidivayisi yokuvikela eyenzelwe ngqo izinhlelo zamandla ze-DC ukuvikela kuma-overvoltage esikhashana (ukwanda) okubangelwa ukushaywa kombani, ukusebenza kweswishi, noma okunye ukuphazamiseka kukagesi.
Idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka kwe-DC ibalulekile ekuvikeleni amadivayisi akho kagesi ekukhuphukeni kwe-voltage okungabangela umonakalo noma ukulahleka kwedatha. Qiniseka ukuthi ukhetha isivikelo sokukhuphuka esifanele idivayisi ozama ukuyivikela futhi esinezinga eliphezulu le-joule ukuze inikeze isivikelo esanele.
Amadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kwe-AC asetshenziselwa ukuvikela izinhlelo ze-AC, lapho i-voltage kanye nemisinga ye-current ihlukahluka khona ngokwe-sinusoidal, ngokuvamile ku-50Hz noma ku-60Hz. Ngenkathi i-voltage kanye nomsinga wamadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka kwe-DC kuqhubeka njalo, ngaphandle kokushintshashintsha kwemvamisa.
Isivikelo sokukhuphuka kweyunithi ye-AC yidivayisi evikela i-air conditioner ekukhuphukeni kwamandla ngokususa ugesi owedlulele ohlelweni. Luyinguqulo eqinile kakhulu yesivikelo sokukhuphuka kwegesi sasekhaya, esenzelwe ukubhekana nezidingo eziphezulu ze-voltage namandla zezinhlelo ze-HVAC futhi sifakwe kuphaneli kagesi noma eduze kweyunithi yangaphandle ukuvikela izingxenye ezibizayo emonakalweni obangelwa yizehlakalo ezifana nokushaywa kombani noma ukushintshashintsha kwegridi.
Ukubaluleka kwezivikeli zokukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi akunakuphikiswana ngakho uma kukhulunywa ngezinhlelo ze-HVAC. Izivikeli zokukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi zisebenza ngokuqondisa kabusha ugesi oweqile kude nohlelo lwakho ngokuphephile, zisebenza njengomlindi wesango kagesi.
I-SPD
Izixhumi ze-IP68 zinikeza isivikelo esihle kakhulu emanzini nasothulini. Zilungele izindawo ezinzima. Lezi zixhumi zingamelana nokucwiliswa emanzini isikhathi eside. Zigcina ukuxhumana kukagesi kuphephile futhi kungaphazamiseki.
Ngesilinganiso se-IP68, azinamanzi emanzini ahlanzekile kuze kube ukujula okuphezulu kwamamitha angu-1.5 kuze kube yimizuzu engama-30, futhi zivikelwe othulini - konke lokhu ngaphandle kwesidingo sezikhwama ezengeziwe noma izembozo.
Nakuba i-IP67 inikeza isivikelo esiqinile othulini nasekucwilisweni kwamanzi okwesikhashana, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu kuma-electronics ajwayelekile, i-IP68 yandisa lesi sivikelo ekucwilisweni kwamanzi isikhathi eside, esifanele amadivayisi asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezimanzi nezidinga kakhulu.
Ngokwesilinganiso, izixhumi ezingaphansi kwamanzi ezisezingeni eliphezulu zingahlala iminyaka eyi-10 kuya kwengama-25. Kodwa-ke, izixhumi ezivezwa ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu futhi zithola ukulungiswa njalo zingadlula leli banga, kuyilapho lezo ezisendaweni ezimbi kakhulu zingase zingaphumeleli.
Ishaja ye-EV
Ikhebula lokushaja lohlobo lwesibili lingasekela isivinini sokushaja esifinyelela ku-43 kW, okwanele ukushaja izimoto eziningi zikagesi ngamahora ambalwa. Ezinye izinhlelo zokushaja ezinamandla aphezulu kanye nama-EV ayakwazi ukushaja ngesivinini esisheshayo, kodwa lokhu ngokuvamile kudinga ikhebula elisezingeni eliphezulu.
Cishe wonke ama-EV nama-PHEV ayakwazi ukushaja kuyunithi yohlobo lwesibili, okungenani ngekhebula elifanele. Yiyona ejwayelekile kakhulu yokushaja umphakathi, futhi iningi labanikazi bezimoto ezixhunyiwe lizoba nekhebula elineshaja yokuxhuma yohlobo lwesibili.
Amashaja e-Level 1 EV asebenzisa i-outlet ejwayelekile yama-volt angu-120 ukuze ashaje kancane, ubusuku bonke, engeza ibanga elingamamayela angu-2-5 ngehora, kuyilapho amashaja eLevel 2 esebenzisa isekethe engama-volt angu-240 ukuze anikeze ukushaja okusheshayo kakhulu, enezela ibanga elingamamayela angu-10-60 ngehora, okwenza kube ngcono kubagibeli bansuku zonke futhi kudinga ukufakwa kochwepheshe. Umehluko oyinhloko yi-voltage (120V vs. 240V), isivinini sokushaja (esihamba kancane vs. esisheshayo), izidingo zokufaka (i-outlet ejwayelekile vs. isekethe ezinikele), kanye nezindleko (ezifakiwe vs. ezengeziwe).
Ikhebula lokushaja lohlobo lwesibili liyindinganiso yawo wonke amamodeli amasha, kodwa amanye amabhrendi amadala ase-Asia ane-Type 1. Khetha ikhebula elinezilinganiso ze-amp kanye ne-kW ezihambisana noma eziphakeme kunomthamo weshaja engaphakathi emotweni yakho.
Ishaja ye-Type 1 EV, eyaziwa nangokuthi isixhumi se-J1772, iyishaja yesigaba esisodwa esetshenziswa kakhulu ezimakethe zase-USA nase-Asia kodwa ibonakala kakhulu nase-UK. Isebenza kuma-volts angu-120-240, ngokuvamile inikeza amandla afinyelela ku-7.4 kW.
Uhlobo lwe-CCS 1 kanye nohlobo lwe-CCS 2 yizinguqulo ezimbili zesifunda zeSistimu Yokushaja Ehlanganisiwe, ezihlukile kakhulu emandleni azo okushaja i-AC kanye nomklamo wesixhumi. Uhlobo lwe-CCS 1 lusebenzisa isixhumi esincane, esinezikhonkwane ezi-5 se-J1772 ikakhulukazi sokushaja i-AC yesigaba esisodwa eNyakatho Melika naseNingizimu Korea, kuyilapho Uhlobo lwe-CCS 2 lusebenzisa isixhumi esikhulu, esinezikhonkwane ezi-7 seSihlobo 2 eYurophu nase-Asia esisekela kokubili ukushaja kwe-AC yesigaba esisodwa kanye nesesithathu emazingeni aphezulu amandla. Ngokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC, kokubili kufana ngokusebenza, kodwa Uhlobo lwe-CCS 2 lungaphatha amaza aphezulu.
Ama-charging pile, aziwa nangokuthi imishini yokunikezela ngezimoto zikagesi (i-EVSE), abhekisela kumayunithi azimele aklanyelwe ngqo ukushaja izimoto zikagesi. Angatholakala ezindaweni ezahlukene njengezindawo zokuhlala, izakhiwo zebhizinisi, kanye nezindawo zomphakathi njengezindawo zokupaka noma eceleni komgwaqo.
Izinqwaba zokushaja zezimoto ezintsha zamandla zingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili ngokusekelwe ekuphumeni kwazo: izinqwaba zokushaja zamandla aqondile (DC) kanye nezinqwaba zokushaja zamandla ashintshanayo (AC). Izinqwaba zokushaja ze-DC zingashaja ibhethri lamandla ngqo, zinikeze amandla aphezulu okukhipha, afanele ukushaja okusheshayo.
Izinzuzo zezimali zokufaka ishaja ye-EV zidlulela ngale kokukhulisa inani noma ukukhanga kwekhaya lakho. Uma uneshaja ye-EV ungonga imali ngokushaja ubusuku bonke, uthengise amandla angasetshenziswanga kugridi, futhi uqashe ngisho neshaja yakho uma ingasetshenziswa.
I-adaptha yeshaja ye-Tesla
Cha, i-CCS ne-J1772 azifani; i-CCS iyisandiso sezinga le-J1772 enezela ikhono lokushaja okusheshayo le-DC kusixhumi sokuqala sokushaja se-AC. Isixhumi se-J1772 sisetshenziselwa ukushaja i-AC okuhamba kancane, kuyilapho isixhumi se-CCS sikhulu futhi sifaka amaphini amabili engeziwe okushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC, okuvumela isivinini sokushaja esisheshayo esifinyelela ku-350 kW.
I-J1772 iyisixhumi esijwayelekile seziteshi eziningi zokushaja izimoto zikagesi zaseNyakatho Melika (i-EV) futhi isetshenziselwa ukushaja kwe-AC yeLevel 1 kanye neLevel 2. Iyisixhumi esiyindilinga, esinamaphini amahlanu esivumela ukushaja okujwayelekile kwama-EV amaningi, ngaphandle kwama-Tesla, adinga i-adaptha ukuze asebenzise iziteshi ze-J1772. Isixhumi senzelwe izici zokuphepha njengendlela yokukhiya futhi sixhumana nemoto ukuphatha ukulethwa kwamandla.
Cha, awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-adaptha ye-J1772 kushaja ye-CCS ukushaja imoto ye-J1772, futhi awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-adaptha ye-CCS kushaja ye-J1772 ukushaja imoto ye-CCS. Imoto ejwayelekile ye-J1772 kuphela ayihambisani nenqubo yokushaja ye-CCS, njengoba inqubo ye-CCS ifaka amaphini engeziwe okushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC okungekho ipulaki ye-J1772.
Ukuze uhlole ukuthi i-Tesla yakho iyahambisana ne-CCS, iya kusikrini sokuthinta bese ukhetha Izilawuli > Isofthiwe > Ulwazi Olwengeziwe Lwemoto. Bheka inketho ethi "usekelo lwe-adaptha ye-CCS", ezothi "inikwe amandla" uma imoto yakho iyahambisana. Uma ithi "ayifakiwe," kuzodingeka uhlele isevisi yokulungisa ukuze unike amandla ukushaja kwe-CCS.
Qondanisa i-adaptha nohlobo lwembobo ye-EV yakho kanye nephrothokholi yokushaja esekelwayo. Izimoto ze-Tesla zidinga ama-adaptha ahambisana ne-NACS, kuyilapho iningi lama-EV angewona ama-Tesla lisebenzisa i-SAE J1772 noma i-CCS1. Njalo qinisekisa ukuhambisana kweshaja kanye nemoto ngaphambi kokuthenga.
Ngakho-ke, uma imoto yakho ihambisana ne-CCS, khona-ke ungasebenzisa ishaja ye-CCS Tesla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungasebenzisa ishaja ye-Tesla kwezinye izimoto. I-Tesla isebenzisa nezixhumi zohlobo 2 ukuze ilungiselele ukusethwa kwayo okujwayelekile, okungewona ama-Supercharger. Noma iyiphi imoto ehambisana nesixhumi sohlobo 2 ingasebenzisa nalezi zindawo zokushaja.
Isitoreji Samandla
Ukuphathwa Kwe-Voltage Ephakeme Nokwamanje
Ukufakwa Okusheshayo Nokungenamathuluzi
Ukuvikelwa Okuphelele Kokuphepha
Ukuxhumana Okuguquguqukayo Nokuhambisanayo
Umklamo Ohlala Njalo Nomelana Nemvelo
Njengencazelo yokuqala emhlabeni yokusebenza kwekhebula lesistimu yokugcina amandla, indinganiso ye-2PFG 2693/03.23 ichaza izindlela zokuhlola kanye nezidingo zokusebenza kwekhebula lokugcina amandla. Leli zinga libhekana nezimo ezintathu ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa kwesistimu yokugcina amandla: ngaphakathi, ngaphandle okuhlala njalo, kanye nangaphandle kwesikhashana, okuchaza ngokucacile amazinga okusetshenziswa kwekhebula nezinto ezihlobene.
