Kungani I-Photovoltaics Ithandwa Imakethe?Ingabe I-Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation inamathuba?

UMusk wake wathi: Nginike indawo enozipho ebalazweni lase-United States, futhi ngingakwazi ukudala amandla angaphakela i-United States yonke.Indlela athe i-photovoltaic power generation +ukugcinwa kwamandla.

Uma isifundazwe esikhulu eShayina, njenge-Inner Mongolia/Qinghai nezinye izifundazwe ezinendawo enkulu, konke ukukhanya kwelanga nezinsiza zomhlaba kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ugesi, kunganikeza ngempela amandla kagesi wezwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele.

Umthamo wamanje ohlanganisiwe waseShayina ofakiwe we-photovoltaics ngu-254.4GW, kodwa ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, amandla elanga ahlanzekile, angangcoli/ angashi ayindlela ethembisa kakhulu.

Embikweni okhishwe ngoMashi kulo nyaka, kwashiwo ukuthi ngo-2030, amandla okukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic aseShayina afakiwe azofinyelela ku-1,025GW, futhi ngo-2060, amandla okukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic afakiwe azofinyelela ku-3800GW.Amandla ahlanzekile amanje ahlanganisa amandla kagesi/amandla enuzi/amandla omoya/amandla e-photovoltaic, angesikhulu esikalini.Isibalo esicace kakhudlwana ukuthi ngonyaka odlule, amandla afakiwe aphehlwa ngamanzi ayengama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-370, owamandla enuzi ama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-50, owamandla omoya abe ama-kilowatt ayizigidi ezingu-280, kanti owamandla e-photovoltaic ayengama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-250.

Kunemithombo eminingi yamandla ahlanzekile, futhi umthamo ofakiwe wamandla we-photovoltaic uphansi nakakhulu kunalowo wamandla omoya.Kungani imakethe inethemba kangaka mayelana namandla e-photovoltaic?

1. Izindleko Eziphansi

Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, izindleko zokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic nge-kilowatt-hora yehle ngo-89%, futhi izindleko ezijwayelekile zikagesi nge-kilowatt-hora ingenye yemithombo yamandla engabizi kakhulu yazo zonke izinhlobo zokukhiqiza amandla.Isilinganiso sezindleko zokwakha iziteshi zikagesi ezisekelwe phansi ngo-2019 yi-4.55 yuan ngewathi ngayinye, ngaleso sikhathi intengo kagesi ingu-0.44 yuan nge-kilowatt-hora;ngo-2020, intengo kagesi ingu-3.8 yuan iwathi ngayinye, futhi intengo kagesi ingu-0.36 yuan nge-kilowatt-hora.Izindleko zokwakha zizoqhubeka nokwehla ngezinga lika-5-10% ngonyaka esikhathini esizayo, futhi idatha ibikezela ukuthi izokwehla ibe ngu-2.62 yuan/W ngo-2025.

I-photovoltaic yase-China isebenzise ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi okulinganayo.Njengamanje, amadolobha ambalwa kuphela wesigaba sokuqala nesesibili nezinye izifunda ezinezinsiza ezimbalwa zokukhanya kwelanga ezisenoxhaso lwe-photovoltaic.Izifunda eziningi sezivele zithole ukuzimela, ukunciphisa izindleko ze-photovoltaic, ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kwe-silicon ye-monocrystalline silicon / polycrystalline, futhi izindleko zizoncishiswa ngokuzayo.

Esibhekene nakho manje inkinga yokushoda komfula, futhi umthamo wokukhiqiza wezinto ze-silicon awukwazi ukuhambisana nokusetshenziswa, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphakeme kakhulu.Amamojula we-Photovoltaic nabakaki ishibhile kakhulu kuneminyaka embalwa edlule.

2. Isikhathi Sokwakha Esifushane

Ukwakhiwa kwesiteshi sikagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi kunzima kakhulu.Kuthathe iminyaka engu-15 ukuphothula ukwakhiwa kwedamu le-Three Gorges, kwasuswa abantu bomdabu abangu-1.13 million.Ngaphansi kwesimo samanje, kunzima ukwakha kabusha i-Three Gorges, umjikelezo mude kakhulu futhi izindleko ziphezulu kakhulu.Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sokwakhiwa kweziteshi ezinkulu naphakathi nendawo kagesi yiminyaka engu-5-10, kanti isikhathi sokwakhiwa kweziteshi ezincane zokuphehla ugesi sithatha iminyaka engu-2-3.Okuwukuphela kwenzuzo ukuthi isiteshi samandla kagesi sinomjikelezo omude wokusebenza, okungenani iminyaka eyikhulu.

Izimboni zamandla enuzi zingamaphrojekthi amakhulu nakakhulu, ahlanganisa nezindaba zokuphepha zenuzi.Yonke inqubo yokugunyazwa kokulawula, ubunjiniyela bomphakathi, ukufakwa kanye nokugunyazwa kuzothatha iminyaka engu-5-8.

Isikhathi sokufakwa kwamandla omoya asiside kangako, cishe unyaka owodwa wanele.

Uma kuqhathaniswa, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi we-photovoltaic yisiteshi sikagesi esonga isikhathi esiningi.I-centralized photovoltaic power generation ingase futhi ichithe isikhathi esithile, kodwa manje i-photovoltaic esabalalisiwe ethandwayo, okungukuthi, izitshalo zamandla e-photovoltaic ezinomqondo wamagridi kagesi noma ngisho nama-microgrid, phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-3 Ukwakhiwa kwesiteshi samandla kungaqedwa, futhi isikhathi esifushane ifaneleka kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwezimali ezinkulu.

Ngemva kokukhuluma ngezinzuzo, ake sibheke okubi.Kungani imakethe isagcwele ukungabaza mayelana ne-photovoltaics?

Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic manje kubhekene nezinkinga ezintathu ezinkulu.Enye iwukuphehla ugesi ongazinzile, futhi kunenani elikhulu lokulahlwa kukagesi nogesi;okwesibili, iziteshi zikagesi zigxile ezindaweni ezikude futhi okunzima ukuzithutha;okwesithathu, ama-photovoltaics aphakathi nendawo athatha inani elikhulu lendawo yoMhlaba.

Sizohlaziya lezi zindaba ezintathu ngamunye ngamunye.

a.Ukulahla Ukukhanya Nogesi

Isizathu sokulahlwa kokukhanya ukuthi kuningi kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwamandla.

Nakuba bonke ohulumeni basekhaya benciphisa ugesi, akuwona wonke ugesi owanele.Isibonelo, izifundazwe ezinendawo eningi yezinsiza ezifana ne-Qinghai ne-Inner Mongolia empeleni zinamandla okukhiqiza anele.Kodwa noma kunjalo, hhayi amandla omoya kuphela noma ama-photovoltaics, bonke babhekana nenkinga enkulu: ukukhiqizwa kwamandla angalingani.

Isimo sezulu sinquma inani likagesi okhiqizwayo.Umthombo wokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic yilanga, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla emini kukhulu nakanjani kunalokho kusihlwa, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ngosuku olunelanga nakanjani kukhulu kunalokho esimweni sezulu sezulu.Ngenxa yalokho, isizukulwane samandla e-photovoltaic sincike esimweni sezulu futhi asinakho ukuzimela nhlobo.

Isitoreji samandla ukugcina ugesi okhiqizwa ngezikhathi eziphakeme ngandlela thile.Ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla ukwenza ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kuzinzile futhi kufinyelele isimo sokushefa okuphezulu nokugcwaliswa kwesigodi.Njengamanje kunezindlela ezimbili ezijwayelekile zokugcina amandla.Esinye isitoreji samandla e-electrochemical, esebenzisa amabhethri ukugcina amandla kagesi;enye amandla e-hydrogen, aguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla e-hydrogen, alungele ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa, futhi angasetshenziswa lapho kudingeka.

I-Photovoltaic inenye i-drawback: izinga lokuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric lizobola ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Ngemva kokwakhiwa kwesiteshi sikagesi, singasebenza iminyaka eyikhulu, kodwa izingxenye zesiteshi samandla e-photovoltaic zikhula kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi zingase zithathe umhlalaphansi eminyakeni eyi-15.

b.Ezokuthutha Ngogesi

Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla angalingani ezindaweni ezahlukene kuyinkinga ehlelekile.

I-China inomhlaba omkhulu kanye nezinsizakusebenza eziningi, futhi izindlela zokukhiqiza amandla azikwazi ukwenziwa jikelele.Ezindaweni ezifana ne-Yunnan ne-Sichuan, lapho imithombo yamanzi igcwele khona, kungasetshenziswa amandla amaningi ngamanzi, futhi amandla omoya namandla e-photovoltaic asetshenziswa kakhulu enyakatho-ntshonalanga.Indawo okuyo inquma ngokuqondile inani lokukhiqizwa kwamandla.Ukukhiqizwa kukagesi ezindaweni ezomile enyakatho-ntshonalanga kumele kube namandla kakhulu kunezindawo ezinemvula eningi eningizimu-mpumalanga, eningizimu-ntshonalanga, njll. Okuphoxa kakhulu ukuthi izindawo ezinothile ngezinsiza zinezibalo ezimbalwa;izindawo ezinabantu abaningi zinezinsiza ezanele.Nakuba izifunda ezisempumalanga neziseningizimu zinesibalo esikhulu sabantu, kokubili amandla ashisayo namandla ahlanzekile okukhiqiza amandla kukhawulelwe.

Inkinga yokusatshalaliswa kokungalingani kwezinsiza okubangelwa indawo yendawo yinkinga okufanele ixazululwe ukuze kudluliselwe amandla ukusuka entshonalanga kuya empumalanga.Amandla omoya aseNyakatho-ntshonalanga, amandla e-photovoltaic, namandla aphehla amanzi aseningizimu-ntshonalanga adinga ukuthunyelwa ezifundeni ezithuthukisiwe eningizimu yeMpumalanga Ephakathi, okudinga ukulawulwa kwegridi yamandla kanye nesidingo sokudluliswa kwamandla amabanga amade e-UHV nokuguqulwa.

Amaphrojekthi we-UHV, kufaka phakathi imishini, imibhoshongo,izintambo ze-photovoltaicnengqalasizinda, njll., kuwukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwezimpahla zokusebenza namakhebuli emakethe.Izisetshenziswa zihlanganisa okokusebenza kwe-DC kanye nemishini ye-AC, njengama-transformer nama-reactors.

c.Imikhawulo Yesifunda

Kungani iNorthwestern China kuphela ingasebenzisa ama-photovoltaics?Ngoba kubuchwepheshe bangaphambilini, imakethe izimisele ngokuphehla amandla e-photovoltaic emaphakathi, inani elikhulu lamaphaneli e-photovoltaic ahlala phansi ukuze akhiqize ugesi omningi.

Ukuqoqwa kwephaneli emaphakathi, izindawo ezinabantu abambalwa kuphela njengeNyakatho-ntshonalanga ezingaba nalesi simo.Kodwa-ke, izinsiza zomhlaba ezifundeni ezimaphakathi nasempumalanga ziyigugu kakhulu, futhi asikho isimo esinjalo sokuzibandakanya ekukhiqizeni amandla e-photovoltaic emaphakathi, ngakho-ke ukukhiqizwa kwamandla we-photovoltaic asatshalaliswa manje kuyathandwa.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokusabalalisa, enye i-photovoltaic yophahla, kanti enye i-photovoltaic ehlanganisiwe.I-Rooftop photovoltaics inemikhawulo eqinile nokusebenza kahle okuphansi, ngakho-ke imiphumela yokuphromotha ayilungile.Manje imakethe inethemba elikhulu mayelana nokuhlanganiswa kwe-photovoltaic, okungukuthi, uphahla lwe-photovoltaic + udonga lwamakhethini we-photovoltaic.Izitshalo zamandla e-photovoltaic ezisabalalisiwe zibhekisela ezitshalweni zamandla e-photovoltaic ezingaphansi kuka-6MW, ngokuvamile amaphrojekthi okukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic akhelwe ophahleni lwezakhiwo nakwezinye izindawo ezingasebenzi.Ibanga lomthwalo lifushane, ibanga lokudlulisela lifushane, futhi kulula ukumuncwa ngaso leso sikhathi, ngakho-ke amathemba athembisa kakhulu.