2021-01-14
Tare da ci gaba da ci gaba na kasuwa na photovoltaic na ciki, da bukatarakwatunan junction na hotovoltaickumamasu haɗin kaiya ci gaba da girma.Duk da haka, saboda ƙananan farashi da kuma aikin "maras kyau", an maye gurbin ingancin akwatunan junction da masu haɗawa, wanda ya haifar da rashin nasara akai-akai da hatsarori na samar da wutar lantarki da tsarin hasken rana.Matsalolin masu haɗawa sun bayyana a hankali, don haka masu siye da masana'antun sun fara fahimtar mahimmancin ingancin samfurin.
Tare da raguwa mai sauri a cikin farashin samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic, farashin shigarwa na hoto na gida yana kusan 6 yuan / W.A nan gaba, ana sa ran za a sami raguwar farashin 10% -15% kowace shekara.A sa'i daya kuma, a shekarar 2020, yawancin yankunan kasar Sin za su samu daidaito a kan Intanet, wanda kuma wani lamari ne na cikin gida na saurin bunkasuwar fasahar daukar hoto na gida.
Rage farashin wutar lantarki a kowace kilowatt-hour, yanayin samun damar Intanet mai sauƙi, da kuma tsarin tallafi mai tsayayye sune mahimman garanti ga masu ɗaukar hoto na gida don shiga cikin gidajen talakawa a matsayin kayan masarufi + kayan saka hannun jari.
Koyaya, tare da saurin haɓaka ƙarfin shigar a cikin kasuwannin hoto na gida da na waje a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, haɗarin inganci yana ko'ina.Yadda za a tabbatar da aminci da ingantaccen aiki na tsarin photovoltaic na gida yana zama ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da aka fi damuwa a cikin masana'antar photovoltaic.
A cewar Ling Zhimin, Shugaba na Phenergy Technology Co., Ltd., "Fashewar kayayyakin gida a cikin 2016 da 2017 ya kasance mai zafi da sauri.Wannan shi ne guguwar farko ta m ci gaban da Sin ta rarraba photovoltaic.Tare da haɓaka ƙarfin shigar da ƙari, matsaloli da yawa kamar gobara, gunaguni na masu amfani, da gazawar lamuni za su fito sannu a hankali.Na gaba, rarraba photovoltaics zai shiga mataki na biyu na aminci da hankali. "
Binciken ya nuna cewa a dukkan kurakuran tashar wutar lantarki da hatsarori, hatsarurrukan da akwatunan junction da connectors ke haifarwa sun kai sama da kashi 30 cikin 100, haka kuma junction box diode ya kai sama da kashi 65 cikin 100 na hatsarurrukan junction box da connector.
A cewar masana masana'antu, ɗaukar masu haɗa hasken rana a matsayin misali, saboda ƙananan girman su da ƙididdige ƙididdiga na kasa da 1% na jimlar farashin tsarin photovoltaic, sau da yawa masu haɓakawa da masu amfani suna watsi da su.
Cheng Ziyu, shugaban kamfanin TÜV Rheinland na Shanghai bangaren kasuwancin hada-hadar hasken rana, ya bayyana cewa, yayin da kowa ke mai da hankali kan wurare masu zafi kamar fasahohin batir da kuma inganta yanayin canjin yanayin, sau da yawa suna yin watsi da wasu kananan bangarorin makamashin hasken rana amma ba makawa.Abubuwan da ke haifar da fasahar baturi mai kyau da kuma abubuwa masu kyau ba za a iya amfani da su da kyau ba, har ma suna haifar da lahani yayin amfani.
Bugu da kari, yawancin masana'antun na'urorin haɗi na cikin gida ba su da bincike mai zaman kansa da haɓaka haɓakawa, kuma masu zuba jari na tashar wutar lantarki ba su da isasshen hankali da hanyoyin bincike masu inganci, wanda ke haifar da matsaloli daban-daban da aka fallasa yayin amfani da na'urar a halin yanzu, kamar haɓaka juriya na lamba, harsashi na waje. nakasawa, arcing wuta a dangane, ko ma narkewa da konewa.Ba wai kawai yana rinjayar aikin tashoshin wutar lantarki na photovoltaic ba, har ma yana haifar da bala'i da asarar da ba za a iya gyarawa ba a lokuta masu tsanani.
A cewar Dokta Zhimin Ling: "A cikin tsarin kirtani na gargajiya, ana tsara na'urori a jeri a jeri tare da babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na DC na 600V-1000V.Tsarin yana gudana shekaru da yawa, kuma an fallasa murfin waya bayan lalata, wanda ke da sauƙin haifar da arcs na DC kuma yana haifar da gobara.Lokacin da wuta ta tashi, a bangaren DC, muddin akwai haske, za a samu wutar lantarki mai yawa, kuma masu kashe gobara ba za su iya kashe wutar kai tsaye ba.”
Kamar yadda tsarin photovoltaic yana nunawa ga iska, ruwan sama, rana mai zafi da kuma canjin yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci, masu haɗin kai dole ne su iya daidaitawa da waɗannan wurare masu tsanani, don haka dole ne ba kawai su zama mai hana ruwa ba, babban zafin jiki mai jurewa da yanayin yanayi. ultraviolet haskoki, amma kuma taba kariya da high load iya aiki da kuma high dace.
Kayayyakin Hotuna suna buƙatar tsawon rayuwa na akalla shekaru 25, kuma akwatin junction na hoto yana daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke tattare da samfurori na hoto, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin dogon lokaci, aminci da ingantaccen ƙarfin samar da kayayyaki.
Luo Jiuwei, shugaban kamfanin Shenzhen Ruihexiang Technology Co., Ltd., shi ma ya bayyana irin wannan ra'ayi tare da yin kira ga masana'antu da su inganta ingancin kayayyaki."Muna jagorantar kasuwa tare da inganci, saboda photovoltaics zai ɗauki shekaru 20 don amfani, don haka ingancin samfurin yana da mahimmanci.Duk da haka, akwai tsada da ƙananan farashin kayayyaki a kasuwa, kuma wasu masana'antun suna kwadayin arha kuma suna watsi da inganci.Tabbas wannan ba abu ne mai yiwuwa ba.Dole ne mu tsira da inganci."
Masu haɗin hotovoltaic sune nodes don watsa makamashi.Wadannan nodes zasu haifar da zafi lokacin da makamashi ya wuce, wanda shine amfani da makamashi na yau da kullum.Mahimmin ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don ingancin masu haɗin hoto shine "juriyawar hulɗar maza da mata bayan jima'i".Dole ne mai haɗin haɗi mai inganci ya kasance yana da ƙarancin juriya na tuntuɓar sadarwa, rage girman wannan ɓangaren asarar, kuma ya sami ikon kiyaye ƙarancin juriyar tuntuɓar a duk tsawon rayuwar rayuwa, wato, matsakaicin matsakaicin juriya.
A cewar rahotanni, juriya na tuntuɓar masu haɗin hoto masu inganci yana da kwanciyar hankali, wanda ya fi dacewa da fasahar haɗin wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi.Ƙarƙashin haɗin haɗin yanar gizon suna da ƙanƙan da ba daidai ba a ciki kuma suna da ƙananan wuraren tuntuɓar, wanda ke haifar da juriya mai yawa don kunna akwatin junction, wanda hakan ya kona sashin baya kuma ya sa bangaren ya karye.Ƙimar juriya ta farko na mai haɗawa ya dogara da zaɓin kayan, ƙirar tsari da ko yana da ainihin fasahar haɗin lantarki.Juriya na farkon lamba na Stäubli MC4 shine 0.35mΩ, wanda shine matsakaicin ƙima.Dangane da wannan abu kadai, MC4 yana kawo karuwar dubunnan yuan a cikin kudin shiga ga masu shi a kowace shekara.
Dangane da sabon ma'auni na duniya IEC 62852 don masu haɗin hoto na hoto, juriya na lamba na masu haɗin maza da mata bayan an gwada su ta TC200 + DH1000 ba zai iya ƙaruwa fiye da 5 mΩ ko ƙimar juriya ta ƙarshe ta ƙasa da 150% na ƙimar farko.Wannan ƙaramin buƙatu ne kawai, kuma juriyar tuntuɓar masu haɗin masana'anta daban-daban ya dogara da matakin fasaha na masana'anta.
Haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɗin gwiwar hoto yana buƙatar ƙoƙarin haɗin gwiwa na dukkan masana'antu don fitar da samfuran marasa inganci da wuri-wuri da kuma kula da yanayi don ingantaccen ci gaban kasuwa.
A halin yanzu, babban matsala na yawancin masu samar da haɗin hoto na hoto har yanzu yana cikin inganci, kuma idan an yarda da shi don haɓakawa, ƙananan samfurori na wasu masana'antun na iya rinjayar martabar dukan masana'antar haɗin hoto na kasar Sin.A sakamakon haka, abokan ciniki suna da stereotype wanda ba za a iya dogara da shi ba na masu haɗin hoto da aka yi a kasar Sin.
Cibiyar tabbatar da ingancin ingancin kasar Sin ta taba yin kira, don tabbatar da ingancin masu haɗin AC don tsarin photovoltaic a cikin ƙasata, kawar da rashin daidaituwa na samfurori a kasuwannin cikin gida, da kara inganta aikin aminci na inverters, tsarin hoto da kuma samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic. da daidaita samar da kamfanonin haɗin gwiwa.Don inganta ingantaccen ci gaba na masana'antar hoto, ya zama dole don tsara daidaitattun ka'idodin ƙasa ko ƙayyadaddun fasaha.
Saukin juna game da haɗin tsakanin samari daban-daban shima babbar matsala ce a cikin aikace-aikace na daukar hoto.A cewar wani rahoto na bincike na ƙasashen waje, haɗa haɗin haɗin haɗin gwiwa da shigarwar haɗin da ba bisa ka'ida ba ya sanya abubuwan farko da na uku na gobara.
Koyaushe ana samun matsala a cikin kasuwar haɗin kai ta hoto, wato, gaurayawan amfani da samfuran haɗin kai daban-daban da kuma haɗa haɗin haɗin tsakanin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan iri daban-daban.Wannan lamari ya zama ruwan dare a kasuwannin cikin gida da na ketare.Yawancin masu mallaka da kamfanonin EPC sun san kaɗan game da daidaitawar masu haɗawa.
Koyaya, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai, girma da haƙuri na masu haɗin masana'anta daban-daban ba su da daidaituwa kuma ba za a iya daidaita su gaba ɗaya ba.Bayan an toshe masu haɗin haɗin biyu, na'urorin da ake amfani da su don haɗin wutar lantarki tsakanin masu haɗawa biyu suna cikin mummunan hulɗa, wanda ya haifar da gazawar haɗin.
Hong Weigang, Manajan Sashen Samfuran Kayan Wuta na Photovoltaic na Masu Haɗin Wutar Lantarki a Stäubli (Hangzhou) Daidaitaccen Injin Kayan Wutar Lantarki Co., Ltd., ya ce: “Masu haɗawa daga masana'antun daban-daban suna da matakai daban-daban na masana'antu, matakan samarwa, da albarkatun ƙasa.Matsalolin da ke da alaƙa da shigar juna na haɗin haɗin gwiwar sun haɗa da haɓaka juriya na lamba, haɓakar zafin mai haɗawa, wuta akan mahaɗin, ƙona mai haɗawa, gazawar wutar lantarki na abubuwan kirtani, gazawar akwatin junction, da zubewar abubuwan da aka gyara. wanda zai iya sa tsarin ya kasa aiki akai-akai.Amfanin tattalin arzikin tashar wutar lantarki ya lalace.Idan an yi amfani da samfuran masana'anta iri ɗaya, wannan haɗarin za a sarrafa shi a cikin kewayon da za a iya sarrafawa."
An Chao, manajan kasuwanci na kamfanonin wutar lantarki na photovoltaic da tsarin na TÜV Rheinland Solar Services, ya jaddada cewa masu haɗin hasken rana suna buƙatar kula da batutuwan dacewa.Hukumomin gwaji na ɓangare na uku ne suka gabatar da wannan batu tsawon shekaru da yawa.Sabili da haka, ba dole ba ne a haɗa masu haɗin kai yayin shigar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic.
Dangane da wannan, ƙungiyoyin gwaji masu iko TUV da UL duka sun ba da sanarwa a rubuce cewa ba sa goyan bayan haɗaɗɗen aikace-aikacen haɗa nau'ikan nau'ikan daban-daban.A Ostiraliya, gwamnati ta rubuta abubuwan da ake buƙata don gina tashar wutar lantarki don amfani da na'urorin haɗi daga masana'anta iri ɗaya a cikin ƙa'idodin don guje wa haɗari.Amma a kasarmu, ba a ba da wasu ka'idoji masu dacewa ba a cikin masana'antar.
A cikin 2013, Cibiyar Takaddun Shaida ta China ta ambaci cewa tare da yaduwar aikace-aikacen micro-inverters a cikin tsarin photovoltaic a nan gaba, za a saka ƙarin masu haɗin AC na hoto da yawa a kasuwa.Ingancin mai haɗin AC yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da amincin mai inverter da duk tsarin photovoltaic.Ya zuwa yanzu, saboda kasar Sin ba ta da ma'auni na kasa da ma'auni na masana'antu, da kuma rashin matakan fasaha masu mahimmanci, masana'antun inverter suna zaɓar masu haɗin AC masu tsada waɗanda suka dace da bukatun samfuran photovoltaic na waje lokacin fitarwa.Duk da haka, a cikin kasar Sin, ana amfani da masu haɗin AC masu ƙarancin inganci, wanda ke haifar da haɗari masu haɗari a cikin inverters na gida, tsarin hoto na mutum ɗaya, har ma da dukan tashar wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic.
Hong Weigang ya ce: "Akwai masana'antun da yawa na cikin gida, kuma suna da manyan masu samar da albarkatun kasa, akwatunan mahaɗa, na'urorin haɗi, igiyoyi, da dai sauransu. Saboda ƙarancin mu'amalar fasaha a cikin masana'antar, rashin kwatancen aikin haɗin gwiwa. , da kuma rashin ma'auni Wayar da kan jama'a ya haifar da wasu rashin fahimta a fahimtar kamfanin game da ayyukan haɗin.Bugu da ƙari, horar da ma'aikatan shigarwa bai isa ba.A cikin shigarwa, alamar ta kasance hargitsi."
Idan mai haɗin haɗin ya gaza, zai kawo jerin ayyuka da farashin kulawa, gami da asarar samar da wutar lantarki, kayan gyara, farashin aiki da haɗarin aminci.
A halin yanzu, kasuwar hoton da aka rarraba yana da zafi sosai, kuma an yi imani da cewa yawancin mazauna ko masana'antu da rufin kasuwanci za a sanye su da tsarin hotunan hoto a nan gaba.Kuma idan masu haɗin kan waɗannan tsarin sun gaza, gyara matsala da maye gurbinsa zai zama babban kalubale ga ma'aikatan aiki da kulawa: na farko, wahalar yana da girma, na biyu kuma shine haɓakar haɗarin lafiyar mutum.Matsanancin yanayi, kamar gobara, zai kawo asarar tattalin arziki da kuma mutunci ga mai shi.Wadannan yanayi ne da kowa ba ya son gani.
Kodayake mai haɗin hoto yana da ƙananan, idan an zaɓi samfurin da kyau, har yanzu yana iya zama "ƙanana da kyau", wanda zai kawo babban amfani ga mai shi.Sabanin haka, zai zama wani lamari mai sarkakiya a cikin ayyukan tashar wutar lantarki, kuma zai saci dimbin kudaden shigar mai shi a ganuwa da sannu a hankali.
A yau, masu samar da tsarin photovoltaic sun fahimci mahimmancin masu haɗawa.Hong Weigang ya yi imanin cewa: “Kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki yana haɓakawa a cikin ƙasarmu shekaru da yawa.Ta hanyar shekaru 3-5 na aikace-aikacen, tashoshin wutar lantarki a hankali sun nuna matsaloli masu yawa.Abokan ciniki za su iya koyan bayanan samfur daga tashoshi da yawa, kuma a hankali su gane mahimmancin masu haɗawa..”
Don tabbatar da ingancin masana'anta na masu haɗin hoto, masu kera haɗin haɗin suna ba da garantin aminci daidai ga masu haɗin kansu.
Shenzhen Ruihexiang Technology Co., Ltd. ya ba da fifiko kan sarrafa albarkatun kasa.Sun ce: "Mai haɗa hasken rana yana amfani da baƙar fata, wannan kayan yana da mahimmanci.Tun da za a yi amfani da shi a waje har tsawon shekaru 25, kayan yau da kullum ba za su iya cika bukatun ba.Mun fi duba kayan.Makullin na biyu shine tsarin samarwa.Sannan akwai horar da masu sakawa.”
Huachuan ya jaddada takaddun takaddun samfur da gwaji: "Duk samfuran hoto da aka haɓaka da Zerun sun wuce takaddun shaida na TÜV Rheinland, kuma mun gudanar da tsauraran kulawar cikin gida a cikin kamfanin.Misali, gwajin tsufa na samfuranmu yana buƙatar aƙalla ma'aunin IEC sau biyu.Har ma sau 3 ko sama da haka.”
Dongguan Slocable Photovoltaic Technology Co., Ltd.ya jaddada kwarewa da zuba jarurruka a R & D da samarwa: "Na farko, muna yin haɗin haɗin hoto daga 2008 zuwa yanzu, kuma muna da fiye da shekaru goma na R & D da ƙwarewar samarwa.Na biyu, muna da dakin gwaje-gwajen mai haɗa hotovoltaic da kanmu.Domin tabbatar da ingancin samfuran, kowane samfur za a gwada da gwadawa sau da yawa kafin barin masana'anta don samar da garantin aminci ga mai haɗawa.Bugu da ƙari, duk samfuran mu na hotovoltaic suna dagarantin takardar shaidakuma sun wuce takaddun shaida na TUV, takaddun CE da mafi girman matakin hana ruwa IP68 takaddun shaida da sauransu. ”
A cewar Hong Weigang, Stäubli ta samar da nata ainihin fasahar ta wajen tabbatar da inganci.“Wannan babbar fasaha ce ta madauri lamba lamba (MULTILAM technology).Wannan fasaha tana ƙara ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfe na musamman mai siffa mai kama da madauri tsakanin masu haɗin haɗin maza da mata na mahaɗin don maye gurbin ainihin yanayin tuntuɓar na yau da kullun kuma yana ƙara tasiri sosai.Yanki, samar da da'ira mai kama da juna, tare da babban ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi na yanzu, ƙarancin wutar lantarki da juriya na lamba, juriya mai tasiri, juriyar lalata da juriya mai zafi, kuma yana iya kiyaye irin wannan aikin na dogon lokaci. ”
| Ƙimar Yanzu: | 50A |
| Ƙimar Wutar Lantarki: | 1000V/1500V DC |
| Takaddun shaida: | IEC62852 TUV , CE , ISO |
| Abun rufewa: | PPO |
| Abubuwan Tuntuɓi: | Copper, Tin plated |
| Kariya mai hana ruwa: | IP68 |
| Resistance Tuntuɓi: | <0.5mΩ |
| Yanayin yanayi: | -40 ℃ ~ + 85 ℃ |
| Ajin harshen wuta: | UL94-V0 |
| Kebul mai dacewa: | 2.5-6mm2 (14-10AWG) |
Dongguan Slocable Photovoltaic Technology Co.,LTD.
Ƙara: Guangda Manufacturing Hongmei Science and Technology Park, No. 9-2, Hongmei Section, Wangsha Road, Hongmei Town, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
Saukewa: 0769-220101
