2021-01-14
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwemakethe yangaphakathi ye-photovoltaic, isidingo sephotovoltaic junction amabhokisifuthiizixhumiiyaqhubeka ikhula.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yenani eliphansi lezindleko kanye nomsebenzi "ongabonakali", ikhwalithi yamabhokisi e-junction nezixhumi zishintshiwe, okuholela ekuhlulekeni okuvamile kanye nezingozi zokukhiqiza amandla elanga le-photovoltaic kanye nesistimu.Izinkinga ngezixhumi ziye zembula kancane kancane, ngakho abathengi nabakhiqizi sebeqalile ukubona ukubaluleka kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Ngokuncipha okusheshayo kwezindleko zokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic, izindleko zokufakwa kwe-photovoltaic yasendlini cishe i-6 yuan/W.Ngokuzayo, kulindeleke ukuthi kube nokwehliswa kwezindleko ngo-10% -15% njalo ngonyaka.Ngasikhathi sinye, ngo-2020, izindawo eziningi e-China zizofinyelela ukulingana ku-inthanethi, okubuye kube yisici sangaphakathi sokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwama-photovoltaics asekhaya.
Ukwehliswa kwezindleko zikagesi nge-kilowatt-hora, imodi yokufinyelela ku-inthanethi evumelana nezimo, kanye nenqubomgomo yoxhaso ezinzile iziqinisekiso ezibalulekile ze-photovoltaics zasendlini ukuze zingene ezindlini zabantu abavamile njengezimpahla zabathengi + izimpahla zokutshala imali.
Kodwa-ke, ngokukhula okusheshayo komthamo ofakiwe ezimakethe zasekhaya nezangaphandle ze-photovoltaic eminyakeni yamuva, izingozi zekhwalithi zikhona yonke indawo.Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza okuthembekile kwezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic zasendlini kuba enye yezindawo ezithintekayo kakhulu embonini ye-photovoltaic.
Ngokuka-Ling Zhimin, oyi-CEO ye-Phenergy Technology Co., Ltd., “Ukuqhuma kwemikhiqizo yasendlini ngo-2016 nango-2017 kwakunonya futhi kushesha kakhulu.Leli igagasi lokuqala lokuthuthukiswa okungekuhle kwe-photovoltaic esabalalisiwe yaseChina.Ngokukhula komthamo ofakiwe Ngokwandayo, izinkinga eziningi ezifana nemililo, izikhalazo zabasebenzisi, nokungakhokhiswa kwemali mboleko zizovela kancane kancane.Okulandelayo, ama-photovoltaics asabalalisiwe azongena esigabeni sesibili sokuphepha nobuhlakani. "
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi kuwo wonke amaphutha nezingozi eziteshini zikagesi, izingozi ezibangelwa amabhokisi ahlanganayo nezixhumi zenza ngaphezu kuka-30%, kanti ukuwohloka kwebhokisi le-junction diode kwenza ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-65 ezingozi zamabhokisi okuhlanganayo nezixhumi.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe bezimboni, ukuthatha izixhumi zelanga njengesibonelo, ngenxa yobukhulu babo obuncane kanye nezindleko zokubala ngaphansi kwe-1% yenani eliphelele lezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic, ngokuvamile azinakwa ngabathuthukisi nabasebenzisi.
U-Cheng Ziyu, inhloko yebhizinisi le-solar junction box le-TÜV Rheinland Shanghai, uthe nakuba wonke umuntu egxile ezindaweni ezishisayo njengobuchwepheshe bebhethri nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamamojula, bavame ukungazinaki izingxenye zamandla elanga amancane kodwa abalulekile.Izingxenye, eziholela kubuchwepheshe obuhle bebhethri nezingxenye ezinhle azikwazi ukusetshenziswa kahle, futhi zibangele nokulimala ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi labakhiqizi bezixhumi ezifuywayo abanawo amandla okucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa okuzimele, futhi abatshalizimali besiteshi sikagesi abanalo ukunakwa okwanele nezindlela zokuhlola eziphumelelayo, okuholela ezinkingeni ezihlukahlukene ezidalulwe ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwamanje kwesixhumi, njengokwanda kokumelana nokuxhumana, igobolondo langaphandle. i-deformation, i-arcing fire at the uxhumano, noma ngisho nokuncibilika nokuvutha.Akuthinti kuphela ukusebenza kweziteshi zamandla e-photovoltaic, kodwa futhi kubangela izinhlekelele ezingenakulungiseka nokulahlekelwa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
NgokukaDkt. Zhimin Ling: “Ohlelweni lwezintambo zendabuko, amamojula ahlelwa ngochungechunge ngohlelo olunogesi ophakeme we-DC ongu-600V-1000V.Uhlelo lusebenza iminyaka eminingi, futhi i-insulation yezintambo zivezwa ngemva kokugqwala, okulula kakhulu ukukhiqiza ama-DC arcs nokudanga imililo.Uma kuvela umlilo, ohlangothini lwe-DC, inqobo nje uma kusakhanya, kuzoba namandla kagesi aphezulu, futhi izicishamlilo azikwazi ukuwucisha ngokuqondile umlilo.”
Njengoba uhlelo lwe-photovoltaic luvezwa umoya, imvula, ilanga elishisayo kanye noshintsho okushisa okwedlulele isikhathi eside, izixhumi kumele zikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nalezi zindawo ezinokhahlo, ngakho-ke akumele zibe nokungangeni kwamanzi kuphela, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu. imisebe ye-ultraviolet, kodwa futhi nokuvikelwa kokuthinta kanye nomthwalo ophezulu Umthamo wokugeleza nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu.
Imikhiqizo ye-Photovoltaic idinga isikhathi sokuphila okungenani iminyaka engu-25, futhi ibhokisi lokuhlangana le-photovoltaic lingenye yezingxenye ezibalulekile zamamojula we-photovoltaic, edlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni amandla okuhlala isikhathi eside, okuphephile nokusebenzayo kwamamojula.
ULuo Jiuwei, usihlalo weShenzhen Ruihexiang Technology Co., Ltd., naye uveze umbono ofanayo futhi wacela imboni ukuthi ithuthukise izinga lomkhiqizo."Sihola imakethe ngekhwalithi, ngoba i-photovoltaics izothatha iminyaka engu-20 ukuyisebenzisa, ngakho ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ibaluleke kakhulu.Kodwa-ke, kunamanani entengo aphezulu naphansi emikhiqizo emakethe, futhi abanye abakhiqizi bahahela ikhwalithi eshibhile futhi abayinaki.Lokhu akwenzeki neze.Kufanele sisinde ngezinga.”
Izixhumi ze-Photovoltaic zingamanodi okudluliselwa kwamandla.Lawa ma-node azokhiqiza ukushisa lapho amandla edlula, okuwukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuvamile.Inkomba yokuhlola eyinhloko yekhwalithi yezixhumi ze-photovoltaic "ukumelana nokuxhumana kwezixhumi zabesilisa nabesifazane ngemva kokuhlangana".Isixhumi sekhwalithi ephezulu kufanele sibe nokumelana okuphansi kakhulu kokuxhumana, sinciphise le ngxenye yokulahlekelwa, futhi sikwazi ukugcina ngokuzinzile ukumelana nokuxhumana okuphansi kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuphila, okungukuthi, ukumelana nokuxhumana okulinganiselwe okuphansi.
Ngokwemibiko, ukumelana nokuxhumana kwezixhumi zekhwalithi ephezulu ze-photovoltaic kuzinzile kakhulu, okubangelwa ikakhulukazi ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana kagesi obusetshenzisiwe.Izixhumi ezingaphansi zinolaka futhi azilingani ngaphakathi futhi zinezindawo zokuxhumana ezimbalwa, okubangela ukumelana ngokweqile kokhela ibhokisi lokuhlangana, okubuye kushise ingxenye engemuva futhi kubangele ukuba ingxenye iphuke.Inani lokuqala lokumelana nokuxhumana lesixhumi lincike ekukhethweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kanye nokuthi inobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo bokuxhuma ugesi.Ukumelana okulinganiselwe kokuqala kokuxhumana kwe-Stäubli MC4 ngu-0.35mΩ, okuyinani eliphakeme.Ngokusekelwe kule nto kuphela, i-MC4 iletha ukukhuphuka kwezinkulungwane zama-yuan emalini engenayo kubanikazi nge-MW ngayinye unyaka ngamunye.
Ngokwezinga lakamuva lamazwe ngamazwe le-IEC 62852 yezixhumi ze-photovoltaic, ukumelana nokuxhumana kwezixhumi zabesilisa nabesifazane ngemva kokuhlolwa yi-TC200+DH1000 akukwazi ukukhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-5 mΩ noma inani lokugcina lokumelana lingaphansi kuka-150% yenani lokuqala.Lokhu kuyisidingo esincane kuphela, futhi ukumelana nokuxhumana kwezixhumi zabakhiqizi abahlukene kuncike ezingeni lobuchwepheshe lomkhiqizi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yemakethe yesixhumi se-photovoltaic kudinga imizamo ehlangene yemboni yonke ukuxosha imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka futhi kugcinwe indawo yokuthuthukiswa okunempilo kwemakethe.
Njengamanje, inkinga eyinhloko yabakhiqizi abaningi be-photovoltaic connector isesezingeni eliphezulu, futhi uma ivunyelwe ukuthuthukisa, imikhiqizo ephansi yabakhiqizi abathile ingase ithinte idumela lomkhakha wonke wokuxhuma we-photovoltaic waseShayina.Ngenxa yalokho, amakhasimende ane-stereotype engathembekile yezixhumi ze-photovoltaic ezenziwe e-China.
I-China Quality Certification Centre yake yabiza, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yezixhumi ze-AC zezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic ezweni lami, kuqedwe ukungalingani kwemikhiqizo emakethe yasekhaya, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kokuphepha kwama-inverters, izinhlelo ze-photovoltaic kanye nezitshalo zamandla we-photovoltaic, futhi ulinganise ukukhiqizwa kwezinkampani zokuxhuma.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthukiswa okunempilo komkhakha we-photovoltaic, kuyadingeka ukwenza amazinga ahambisanayo kazwelonke noma imininingwane yobuchwepheshe.
Ukufakwa ngokubambisana kwezixhumi phakathi kwemikhiqizo ehlukene nakho kuyinkinga enkulu kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezixhumi ze-photovoltaic.Ngokombiko wocwaningo lwangaphandle, ukufakwa kwesixhumi esixubile kanye nokufakwa kwesixhumi okungajwayelekile kubeka izimbangela zokuqala nezesithathu zomlilo.
Kuhlala kunenkinga emakethe yesixhumi se-photovoltaic, okungukuthi, ukusetshenziswa okuxubile kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yesixhumi kanye nokuxhunywa phakathi kwezixhumi phakathi kwemikhiqizo ehlukene.Lesi simo sivamile ezimakethe zasekhaya neziphesheya kwezilwandle.Abanikazi abaningi nezinkampani ze-EPC bazi okuncane mayelana nokumataniswa kwezixhumi.
Kodwa-ke, ukucaciswa, ubukhulu kanye nokubekezelelana kwezixhumi zabakhiqizi abahlukene akuhambisani futhi akukwazi ukufaniswa ngokuphelele.Ngemuva kokuthi izixhumi ezimbili zixhunyiwe, amakhondatha asetshenziselwa ukuxhuma ugesi phakathi kwezixhumi ezimbili awaxhumene kahle, okuholela kokuthi Kukhona ukuhluleka kokuxhumana.
U-Hong Weigang, uMphathi woMnyango Wezixhumi Zomkhiqizo we-Photovoltaic wezixhumi zikagesi e-Stäubli (Hangzhou) Precision Machinery Electronics Co., Ltd., uthe: “Izixhumi ezivela kubakhiqizi abahlukene zinezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezihluke kakhulu, amazinga okukhiqiza, nezinto zokusetshenziswa.Izinkinga ezihlobene ezibangelwa ukufakwa okuhlangene kwezixhumi zihlanganisa ukumelana nokuxhumana okwandayo, ukukhiqizwa kokushisa kwesixhumi, umlilo kusixhumanisi, ukushisa kwesixhumi, ukwehluleka kwamandla ezingxenyeni zezintambo, ukwehluleka kwebhokisi lokuhlangana, nokuvuza kwezingxenye, okungase kubangele ukuthi uhlelo lwehluleke ukusebenza ngendlela ejwayelekile.Ngakho-ke izinzuzo zezomnotho zesiteshi sikagesi ziba sengozini.Uma kusetshenziswa imikhiqizo evela kumkhiqizi ofanayo, lobu bungozi buzolawulwa ngaphakathi kwebanga elilawulekayo.“
U-An Chao, umphathi webhizinisi wezitshalo zamandla we-photovoltaic nezinhlelo ze-TÜV Rheinland Solar Services, ugcizelele ukuthi izixhumi zelanga zidinga ukunaka izindaba zokuhambisana.Le nkinga iphakanyiswe ama-ejensi avela eceleni iminyaka eminingi.Ngakho-ke, izixhumi akufanele zixutshwe ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwezitshalo zamandla e-photovoltaic.
Mayelana nalokhu, izinhlangano ezigunyaziwe zokuhlola i-TUV kanye ne-UL zombili zikhiphe izitatimende ezibhaliwe ukuthi azisekeli ukufakwa okuxubile kwezicelo zezixhumi zemikhiqizo ehlukene.E-Australia, uhulumeni ubhale izimfuneko zokwakhiwa kwesiteshi sikagesi ukuze kusetshenziswe izixhumi ezivela kumkhiqizi ofanayo emithethweni ukugwema izingozi.Kepha ezweni lethu, awekho amazinga afanelekile akhishiwe embonini.
Ngo-2013, i-China Quality Certification Centre yasho ukuthi ngokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwama-micro-inverter ezinhlelweni ze-photovoltaic esikhathini esizayo, izixhumi eziningi ze-photovoltaic AC zizofakwa emakethe.Ikhwalithi yesixhumi se-AC ihlobene ngokuqondile nokuphepha kwe-inverter kanye nesistimu yonke ye-photovoltaic.Kuze kube manje, ngenxa yokuthi i-China ayinazo izindinganiso kazwelonke ezifanele kanye namazinga embonini, kanye nokuntuleka kwemingcele yezobuchwepheshe edingekayo, abakhiqizi be-inverter bakhetha izixhumi ezibizayo ze-AC ezihlangabezana nezidingo zemikhiqizo ye-photovoltaic yangaphandle lapho ithumela ngaphandle.Kodwa-ke, e-China, izixhumi ze-AC ezisezingeni eliphansi zisetshenziswa, okuholela ezingozini zokuphepha kuma-inverters asekhaya, izinhlelo zomuntu ngamunye ze-photovoltaic, ngisho naso sonke isitshalo samandla e-photovoltaic.
U-Hong Weigang uthe: "Baningi abakhiqizi bezingxenye zasekhaya, futhi banabahlinzeki abakhulu nabalungisiwe bezinto zokusetshenziswa, amabhokisi ahlanganayo, izixhumi, izintambo, njll. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuhwebelana kwezobuchwepheshe embonini, ukuntuleka kokuqhathaniswa kokusebenza kwesixhumi. , kanye nokuntuleka kwamazinga Ukuqwashisa kubangele ukungaqondi okuthile embonweni wenkampani wemisebenzi yesixhumi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi bokufaka akwanele.Ekufakeni, umkhiqizo unesiphithiphithi.“
Uma isixhumi sihluleka, sizoletha uchungechunge lwezindleko zokusebenza nokunakekela, okuhlanganisa ukulahlekelwa ukuphehlwa kukagesi, izingxenye eziyisipele, izindleko zabasebenzi kanye nezingozi zokuphepha.
Njengamanje, imakethe ye-photovoltaic esabalalisiwe ishisa kakhulu, futhi kukholakala ukuthi izakhamuzi eziningi noma uphahla lwezimboni nezentengiso luzohlonyiswa ngezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic esikhathini esizayo.Futhi uma izixhumi kulezi zinhlelo zihluleka, ukuxazulula izinkinga zayo kanye nokushintshwa kuyoba inselele enkulu kubasebenzi bokusebenza nokulungisa: okokuqala, ubunzima buphezulu, kanti okwesibili ukwanda kwezingozi zokuphepha komuntu siqu.Izimo ezimbi kakhulu, njengomlilo, zizoletha ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho nesithunzi kumnikazi.Lezi yizimo wonke umuntu angafuni ukuzibona.
Nakuba isixhumi se-photovoltaic sincane, uma imodeli ikhethwe kahle, isengaba "encane futhi inhle", okuzoletha izinzuzo ezinkulu kumnikazi.Ngokuphambene nalokho, kuzoba yindaba enzima ekusebenzeni kwesiteshi sikagesi, futhi kuzontshontsha imali eningi yomnikazi ngokungabonakali nangokuhamba kancane.
Namuhla, abakhiqizi besistimu ye-photovoltaic baye baqaphela ukubaluleka kwezixhumi.U-Hong Weigang ukholelwa ukuthi: “Imboni ye-photovoltaic ibilokhu ithuthuka ezweni lakithi iminyaka eminingi.Ngokusebenzisa iminyaka engu-3-5 yokusetshenziswa, iziteshi zikagesi ziye zabonisa kancane kancane inani elikhulu lezinkinga.Amakhasimende angafunda ulwazi lomkhiqizo eziteshini eziningi, futhi kancane kancane abone ukubaluleka kwezixhumi..”
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yefekthri yezixhumi ze-photovoltaic, abakhiqizi bezixhumi bahlinzeka ngeziqinisekiso zokuphepha ezihambisanayo zezixhumi zabo.
I-Shenzhen Ruihexiang Technology Co., Ltd. igcizelela ukulawulwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe.Bathe: “Isixhumi selanga sisebenzisa ipulasitiki emnyama, le nto ibucayi kakhulu.Njengoba izosetshenziswa ngaphandle iminyaka engu-25, izinto ezijwayelekile azikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo.Sibheka ikakhulukazi izinto zokwakha.Ukhiye wesibili yinqubo yokukhiqiza.Bese kuba nokuqeqeshwa kwabafakayo.”
U-Huachuan ugcizelele ukuqinisekiswa nokuhlolwa komkhiqizo: “Yonke imikhiqizo ye-photovoltaic eyakhiwe ngabakwaZerun isiphumelele isitifiketi se-TÜV Rheinland, futhi senze nokulawula kwangaphakathi okuqinile ngaphakathi kwenkampani.Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kokuguga kwemikhiqizo yethu kudinga okungenani kabili izinga le-IEC.Kuyizikhathi ezi-3 noma ngaphezulu.”
I-Dongguan Slocable Photovoltaic Technology Co., Ltd.igcizelele isipiliyoni kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ku-R&D nasekukhiqizeni: “Okokuqala, besilokhu senza izixhumi ze-photovoltaic kusukela ngo-2008 kuze kube manje, futhi sineminyaka engaphezu kweshumi ye-R&D nesipiliyoni sokukhiqiza.Okwesibili, sinelabhorethri yesixhumi se-photovoltaic ngokwethu.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo, umkhiqizo ngamunye uzohlolwa futhi uhlolwe izikhathi eziningi ngaphambi kokuphuma embonini ukuze kuhlinzekwe isiqinisekiso sokuphepha sesixhumi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, yonke imikhiqizo yethu ye-photovoltaic inayoiziqinisekiso zesitifiketifuthi baphumelele isitifiketi se-TUV, isitifiketi se-CE kanye nezitifiketi ze-IP68 eziphakeme kakhulu ezingangeni manzi nokunye.”
Ngokuka-Hong Weigang, i-Stäubli isungule owayo ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi.“Lobu buchwepheshe obuyisisekelo wumunwe wokuxhumana webhande (ubuchwepheshe be-MULTILAM).Lobu buchwepheshe bungeza i-shrapnel yensimbi ekhethekile emise okwebhande phakathi kwezixhumi zesixhumi zesilisa nesifazane ukuze kuthathelwe indawo indawo yokuxhumana engavamile futhi kukhulisa kakhulu ukuthintana okusebenzayo.Indawo, eyakha umjikelezo ohambisanayo ojwayelekile, onamandla okuthwala aphezulu, ukuncipha kwamandla amancane nokumelana nokuthintana, ukumelana nomthelela, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, futhi ingagcina ukusebenza okunjalo isikhathi eside.”
| Ikalwe okwamanje: | 50A |
| I-Voltage elinganiselwe: | 1000V/1500V DC |
| Isitifiketi: | IEC62852 TUV, CE, ISO |
| I-Insulation Material: | I-PPO |
| Izinto Zokuxhumana: | Ithusi, Tin plated |
| Ukuvikelwa Kokuvikela Amanzi: | IP68 |
| Xhumana Nokumelana: | <0.5mΩ |
| I-Ambient Temperature: | -40℃~+85℃ |
| Ikilasi le-Flame: | I-UL94-V0 |
| Ikhebula Elifanelekile : | 2.5-6mm2 (14-10AWG) |
I-Dongguan Slocable Photovoltaic Technology Co.,LTD.
Engeza:Guangda Manufacturing Hongmei Science and Technology Park, No. 9-2, Hongmei Section, Wangsha Road, Hongmei Town, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
TEL:0769-22010201
