Kusankha ndi kukhazikitsa chipangizo chachitetezo cha opaleshoni (SPD)

1.Zosankha zosankhidwa

Posankha SPD kwa zipangizo, sitiyenera kuganizira malo a zipangizo komanso mtunda pakati pa IT ndi zipangizo zina, ndi kukonzekera gululi mphamvu ayenera kuganizira poyamba (monga TN-S, TT, IT dongosolo, etc.) .Kuyika SPD pafupi kwambiri kapena kutali kwambiri kungakhale ndi zotsatira zomvetsa chisoni pa chitetezo cha chipangizo (pafupi kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti chipangizocho ndi SPD zisokonezeke, kutali kwambiri kungakhale kosagwira ntchito) .

Kuonjezera apo, kusankhidwa kwa SPD kuyeneranso kuganizira zamakono pa chipangizocho, kuonetsetsa kuti zigawo zosankhidwa za SPD zili ndi mphamvu zambiri, fufuzani SPD malinga ndi deta yomwe imapezeka kwa wopanga ndikuganizira moyo wautumiki wachipangizo chachitetezo cha surge, sankhani kusakalamba.

Komanso tisaiwale kuti pazipita kupitiriza ntchito voteji (UC) wa opaleshoni mtetezi ndi wamkulu kuposa voteji opaleshoni chipangizo, ndi kuti zimenezi, amene mwina osakhalitsa overvoltage (UT) , amaganiziridwa posankha SPD. , kamodzi pali izi mwina ndiyechipangizo chachitetezo cha surgekuyenera kukhala ndi magetsi otsika kuposa UC.Pamagetsi amagetsi a magawo atatu (220/380V), zida zina zapadera zokha (monga zida zapadera kapena zida zamagetsi zomwe zimafunikira chitetezo) ndizotetezedwa kuti zisawonongeke kwambiri.

2.Gawo lachitetezo cha mphezi ndi zone yoteteza mphezi

Chofunikira pakusankhidwa kwa SPD ndikuzindikira molondola kuchuluka kwa chitetezo chamagetsi (voltage yotsalira) Kukwera, kutulutsa kopitilira muyeso, kuwonetsetsa kuti Up ndi wocheperako mphamvu yamagetsi ya zida zotetezedwa, ndikuteteza zida.Malinga ndi IEC60364-4-44, IEC60664-1 ndi IEC60730-1, pokonzekera, malinga ndi tchati chogawira mphezi, mphezi zamakono shunt kuyerekezera chilinganizo ndi mphezi panopa chizindikiro tebulo, monga maziko ofunika posankha SPD.Chikuonetseratu woyamba kumanga pakompyuta zambiri dongosolo mphezi chitetezo mlingo.

Kuchokera pa "Building Electronic Information System Lightning Technical Code"GB50343-2012 kutsimikizira chitetezo cha mphezi za nyumba ndi magawo apano a mphezi pambuyo pa mphezi yoyamba ndi mphezi yoyamba;Kuwomba kwa mphezi kungathenso kupezedwa kuchokera kumphezi yomwe ikuwomba mwina pamapindikira a matalikidwe amakono a mphezi ndi tsiku la mvula yamkuntho T. E = 1-nc/n.(E ikuwonetsa kutsekereza kwa zida zodzitchinjiriza, NC ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwapachaka kwa mphezi pazida zamakina owonongeka ndi mphezi yolunjika ndi kugunda kwamagetsi amagetsi, ndipo N ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwapachaka kwa mphezi zanyumba) :

(1) Gulu A pamene E ali wamkulu kuposa 0.98;(2) giredi B pamene E ndi wamkulu kuposa 0.90 ndi wocheperapo kapena wofanana ndi 0.98;(3) giredi C pamene E ndi wamkulu kuposa 0.80 ndi wocheperapo kapena wofanana ndi 0.90;(4) giredi D pamene E ali wocheperapo kapena wofanana ndi 0.80;

Malo Oteteza Mphezi (LPZ) ayenera kugawidwa m'malo osatetezedwa, malo otetezedwa, malo otetezedwa oyamba, malo otetezedwa achiwiri ndi malo otetezedwa otsatila.(chithunzi 3.2.2) azitsatira zofunikira izi:

Direct Lightning Protection Zone (LPZOA): palibe kuchepetsedwa kwa gawo lamagetsi, mitundu yonse ya zinthu imatha kugundidwa mwachindunji ndi mphezi, ndi malo otseguka kwathunthu.

Direct Lightning Protection Zone (LPZOB): gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi silifowoka, mitundu yonse ya zinthu sizimawombedwa ndi mphezi, ndikuwonetsa kwathunthu kwachitetezo cha mphezi.

First Protection Area (LPZ1) : chifukwa cha njira yotetezera nyumbayo, mphezi yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda kudzera muzitsulo zosiyanasiyana imachepetsedwa kwambiri kusiyana ndi malo otetezedwa ndi mphezi (LPZOB), munda wa electromagnetic poyamba umachepetsedwa ndipo mitundu yonse ya zinthu sizingakhoze kuchitidwa mphezi mwachindunji.

Second Protection Area (LPZ2): Malo otetezedwa omwe adayambitsidwa ndi kuchepetsedwa kwina kwa mphezi yomwe imapangitsa kuti pakhale magetsi kapena magetsi.

(5) Chitetezo Chotsatira (LPZN): Kuchepetsa kwina kwamphamvu kwamagetsi amagetsi kumafunika kuti muteteze malo otetezedwa a zida zovutirapo kwambiri.

3.Kuteteza chitetezo kwa ochita opaleshoni

Pofuna kupewa SPD kuchokera kufupipafupi chifukwa cha ukalamba kapena zolakwika zina, njira zotetezera ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pamaso pa SPD.Pali njira ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, imodzi ndi chitetezo cha fusesi, imodzi ndi chitetezo chamagetsi.Pambuyo pa okonza opitilira 50 afunsoli adapeza kuti oposa 80% a okonza mapulaniwo adagwiritsa ntchito zosokoneza madera, zomwe zimadabwitsa kwambiri.Wolembayo akuganiza kuti ndikulakwitsa kukhazikitsa chitetezo chamagetsi, ndipo chitetezo cha fuse chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa.

Chitetezo cha Surge Protector ndi chitetezo chozungulira pang'onopang'ono, palibe zochulukira, kugwiritsa ntchito wowononga dera kumatha kugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo chake katatu (kapena chitetezo ziwiri) pakupuma nthawi yomweyo.

Kusankhidwa kwa zida zodzitetezera kwa oteteza ochita opaleshoni kuyenera kutengera kuchuluka kwafupipafupi pa chipangizo cha SPD.Kuthamanga kwafupipafupi kwa zida zachitetezo cha opaleshoni nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwakukulu, ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito chodulira, ndiye kuti pamafunika chowotcha champhamvu kwambiri.

Ndikofunikira kuwerengera kukhazikika kwamafuta a kokondakita olumikizidwa ndi chitetezo chakuchita opaleshoni mukamagwiritsa ntchito chophwanya dera.Malingana ndi mphamvu yachidule ya mfundoyi, gawo la conductor lomwe lasankhidwa lidzakhala lalikulu kwambiri ndipo waya ndi wovuta.

Kuti mumvetse Mfundo Yachidziwitso cha Surge Protection Device, dinani paMfundo ya Chida Chachitetezo cha Surge