Ukukhethwa nokufakwa kwedivayisi yokuvikela ukuhlinza (SPD)

1.Imibandela yokukhetha

Lapho sikhetha i-SPD yemishini, akufanele sicabangele kuphela indawo yemishini kodwa futhi nebanga phakathi kwe-IT nezinye izinto zokusebenza, futhi ukuhlelwa kwegridi yamandla kufanele kucatshangelwe kuqala (njenge-TN-S, TT, IT system, njll.) .Ukubeka i-SPD eduze kakhulu noma kude kakhulu kungaba nomthelela ongemuhle ekuvikelweni kwedivayisi (ukusondela kakhulu kubangela ukuthi idivayisi kanye ne-SPD zinyakaze, kude kakhulu kungase kungasebenzi) .

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhethwa kwe-SPD kufanele futhi kucabangele okwamanje kudivayisi, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izingxenye ezikhethiwe ze-SPD zinomthamo omkhulu, zihlole i-SPD ngokusho kwedatha etholwe kumkhiqizi futhi icabangele impilo yesevisi ye-SPD.idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka, khetha ukungagugi.

Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi i-voltage ephezulu eqhubekayo yokusebenza (UC) yesivikeli sokuhlinza inkulu kune-voltage yokusebenza yedivayisi, nokuthi lesi simo, okungenzeka sibe ne-overvoltage yesikhashana (UT) , siyacatshangelwa lapho kukhethwa i-SPD. , uma sekukhona lokhu mhlawumbe bese kuthiidivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphukakufanele ibe ne-voltage ephansi kune-UC.Ohlelweni lwamandla lwezigaba ezintathu (220/380V) , amathuluzi athile akhethekile kuphela (njengamathuluzi akhethekile noma okokusebenza kwamandla adinga ukuvikelwa) okuzovikelwa ekusebenzeni kwamandla kagesi amaningi.

2.Ibanga lokuvikela umbani nendawo yokuvikela umbani

Ingqikithi yokukhethwa kwe-SPD iwukubona kahle izinga lokuvikela i-voltage (i-voltage esele) Up, umthamo omkhulu wamanje wokuphuma, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-Up ingaphansi kwezinga lamandla kagesi wempahla evikelwe, bese uvikela okokusebenza.Ngokusho kwe-IEC60364-4-44, IEC60664-1 kanye ne-IEC60730-1, lapho uhlela, ngokusho kweshadi lokusabalalisa lamanje le-Lightning, ifomula yokulinganisa ye-shunt yamanje kanye nethebula lepharamitha yombani wamanje, njengesisekelo esibalulekile sokukhetha i-SPD.Ukwamukelwa kokuqala kwezinga lokuvikela umbani lwesistimu yolwazi lwe-elekthronikhi.

Kusukela ku-“Building Electronic Information System Lightning Protection Code”GB50343-2012 ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinga lokuvikela umbani lezakhiwo kanye nemingcele yamanje yombani ngemva kokushaywa kombani kokuqala kanye nokushaywa kombani kokuqala;Amathuba okushaya umbani we-amplitude yamanje yombani angatholwa futhi ejikeni lamathuba okushaya kombani we-amplitude yamanje yombani ngesilinganiso sonyaka sokuduma kosuku T. E = 1-nc/n.(U-E ukhombisa ukusebenza kahle kokuvinjwa kwezinto zokuvikela, i-NC ikhombisa isilinganiso esiphezulu senani elijwayelekile lonyaka lokushaywa kombani kumishini yesistimu yolwazi elinyazwe umbani oqondile nokushaya kukagesi kombani, futhi uN ubonisa inani elilinganiselwe lonyaka lokushaywa kombani ezakhiweni) :

(1) IBanga A lapho u-E emkhulu kuno-0.98;(2) ibanga B uma u-E emkhulu kuno-0.90 lingaphansi noma lilingana no-0.98;(3) ibanga C lapho u-E emkhulu kuno-0.80 engaphansi noma elingana no-0.90;(4) ibanga D lapho u-E engaphansi noma elingana no-0.80;

I-Lightning Protection Zone (LPZ) kufanele ihlukaniswe ibe indawo engavikelekile, indawo yokuvikela, indawo yokuvikela yokuqala, indawo yesibili yokuvikela kanye nendawo yokuvikela yokulandelela.(umdwebo 3.2.2) uzothobela lezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

I-Direct Lightning Protection Zone (LPZOA) : akukho ukuncishiswa kwenkundla ye-electromagnetic, zonke izinhlobo zezinto zingashaywa umbani ngokuqondile, indawo evuleke ngokuphelele.

I-Direct Lightning Protection Zone (LPZOB): inkambu kagesi ayinciphisi, zonke izinhlobo zezinto azivamile ukushaywa umbani oqondile, ukuvezwa okugcwele kwendawo yokuvikela umbani oqondile.

Indawo Yokuvikeleka Yokuqala (LPZ1) : ngenxa yendlela yokuvikela yesakhiwo, umbani ogeleza kuma-conductor ahlukahlukene uyancishiswa kakhulu kunasendaweni yokuvikela umbani oqondile (LPZOB), insimu ye-electromagnetic iqale incishiswe futhi zonke izinhlobo ze izinto kungenzeka zingashaywa umbani oqondile.

I-Second Protection Area (LPZ2) : indawo yokuvikela elandelayo eyethulwa ngokunye ukuncishiswa kwenkambu yamanje yombani noma i-electromagnetic field.

(5) Indawo Yokuvikeleka Yokulandelela (LPZN) : Ukuncishiswa okwengeziwe kwamapulse kagesi kagesi kuyadingeka ukuze kuvikelwe indawo yokuvikela elandelwayo yezinto zokusebenza ezizwela kakhulu.

3.Ukuvikelwa kwekhophi yasenqolobaneni yabavikeli bokuhlinzwa

Ukuze uvimbele i-SPD ekuhambeni okufushane ngenxa yokuguga noma okunye ukukhubazeka, izindlela zokuzivikela kufanele zifakwe ngaphambi kwe-SPD.Kunezindlela ezimbili ezivame ukusetshenziswa, enye iwukuvikela i-fuse, enye iwukuvikela i-circuit breaker.Ngemuva kokuthi abahleli abangaphezu kuka-50 bombuzo bathole ukuthi abangaphezu kuka-80% abahleli basebenzisa ama-circuit breaker, okudidayo ngempela.Umlobi ucabanga ukuthi kuyiphutha ukufaka ukuvikelwa kwe-circuit breaker, futhi ukuvikelwa kwe-fuse kufanele kufakwe.

Ukuvikelwa kwe-Surge Protector ukuvikela i-short-circuit, asikho isimo sokulayisha ngokweqile, ukusebenzisa i-circuit breaker kungasebenzisa kuphela ukuvikela kwayo okuthathu (noma ukuvikela okubili) emsebenzini wekhefu osheshayo.

Ukukhethwa kwemishini yokuvikela yabavikeli abahlinzayo kufanele kusekelwe kumthamo wesiyingi esifushane kudivayisi ye-SPD.I-current-circuit current yempahla yesivikeli sokuhlinza ivamise ukuba nkulu, uma kusetshenziswa i-circuit breaker, bese kudingeka i-circuit breaker yekhono eliphezulu lesigatshana.

Kuyadingeka ukubala ukuzinza okushisayo kwe-conductor exhunywe nomvikeli wokuhlinzwa lapho usebenzisa i-breaker circuit.Ngokusho komthamo we-short-circuit wephoyinti, isigaba somqhubi esikhethiwe sizoba sikhulu kakhulu futhi i-wiring ayilungile.

Ukuze uqonde Umgomo Wedivayisi Yokuvikela Ukuhlinza, chofoza ku-Umgomo Wedivayisi Yokuvikela Ukuhlinza