Mfundo ya chipangizo chachitetezo cha opaleshoni

Mawu Oyamba

Chida chachitetezo cha Surge (SPD) , yomwe imadziwikanso kuti“Womanga mphezi”or “Chipangizo chachitetezo cha Overvoltage”, ndi Chipangizo chofunikira kwambiri pakuteteza mphezi pazida zamagetsi.Ntchito yake ndikuchepetsa kutsika kwamagetsi mumzere wamagetsi ndi chingwe chotumizira chizindikiro kumtundu womwe zida kapena dongosolo lingathe kunyamula, kapena kutulutsa mphezi yamphamvu pansi, kuteteza zida zotetezedwa kapena machitidwe kuti asawonongeke ndi mantha. .

Kuchuluka kwa ntchito kwa SPD makamaka ndi chitetezo chamagetsi chamagetsi otsika ndi makina ogawa komanso chitetezo cha mzere wotumizira mauthenga amagetsi.Yoyamba ndi yopondereza kusokoneza kwa mphezi yamagetsi yamagetsi (EMP-RRB- yochokera kudera lamagetsi, ndipo yotsirizirayi ndi kupondereza kusokoneza kwa EMP komwe kumachokera ku dera la signal.

Kupanga

Mtundu ndi kapangidwe ka aChida chachitetezo cha Surgezimasiyanasiyana pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, koma ziyenera kukhala ndi chinthu chimodzi chochepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi.Zigawo zazikulu za Zida zoteteza Surge ndi metal oxide varistor (MOV) , ​​silicon avalanche diode kapena TRANSORB diode, chubu chodzaza ndi gasi, ndi zina zambiri.

1) MOV ndi yothandiza opaleshoni suppressor, makamaka ntchito kupewa ngozi kuwonongeka kwa zida, koma kumafuna kuyankha nthawi, kutanthauza kuti nthawi yaifupi kwambiri pachimake pakali pano akhoza kulowa zipangizo pamaso dera pakhomo adamulowetsa.Chifukwa chake, Chipangizo chachitetezo cha Surge chopangidwa ndi MOV sichiyenera kuteteza zida zodziwika bwino ndi microprocessor.Kapangidwe kameneka kakugwiritsidwa ntchito pa 90% ya oteteza maopaleshoni omwe alipo pamsika.

2) diode avalanche kapena TRANSORB diode amayankha mofulumira kuposa MOV ndipo tcheru kwa transients, koma pazipita mphamvu ya chinthu ichi ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri kuposa wa sing'anga kakulidwe MOV.

3) chubu chodzaza ndi gasi chimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yoyankha, koma imatha kuyamwa mphamvu zambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ngati“Njira yomaliza”kuyeza kupondereza mafunde a AC, kuteteza kulowa kwa mawotchi amagetsi osasefedwa ndi gawo lapitalo.

Momwe zimagwirira ntchito

Popeza izo'saChida chachitetezo cha Surge, lete's kuyambira ndi kuphulika.Surge yomwe imadziwikanso kuti surge, monga momwe dzinalo limatanthawuzira imadutsa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imagwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo.Kwenikweni, kuthamanga ndi kugunda kwamphamvu komwe kumachitika mu mamiliyoni angapo a sekondi imodzi ndipo kumatha chifukwa cha zida zolemera, mabwalo amfupi, masiwichi amagetsi kapena injini zazikulu.Zogulitsa zokhala ndi ma surge arresters zimayamwa mphamvu zadzidzidzi kuti ziteteze zida zolumikizira kuti zisawonongeke.

Malinga ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito, Chipangizo chachitetezo cha Surge chitha kugawidwa m'mitundu yosinthira, mtundu wamagetsi ochepetsa mphamvu, mtundu wa shunt kapena mtundu wa choke:

1) mtundu wosinthira: umagwira ntchito ngati chotchinga chachikulu ngati palibe kuwonjezereka kwapang'onopang'ono, koma ikangoyankha kuphulika kwa mphezi kwanthawi yayitali, kutsekeka kwake kumasintha mwadzidzidzi kukhala mtengo wotsika, kulola mphezi kudutsa.Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zoterezi ndi: Kutulutsa Gap, chubu chodzaza mpweya, thyristor, etc.

2) mtundu wochepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi: imagwira ntchito ngati kutsekeka kwakukulu ngati kulibe kupitilira kwakanthawi, koma kutsekeka kwake kumachepa ndi kuchuluka kwa ma inrush pano ndi voteji, ndipo mawonekedwe ake apano ndi ma voliyumu ndiwosagwirizana kwambiri.Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zoterezi zimaphatikizapo zinc oxide, varistors, transient-voltage-suppression diode, avalanche diode, etc.

3) kugawanika kapena kutsamwitsa mtundu

Mtundu wa Shunt: mofananira ndi zida zotetezedwa, umapereka kutsika kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kwamphezi komanso kutsekeka kwakukulu kwanthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito;mtundu wotsamwitsa: motsatizana ndi zida zotetezedwa, zimapereka kutsekeka kwakukulu kumayendedwe amphezi, koma kumafupipafupi ogwirira ntchito kumapereka mwayi wochepa.Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zotere ndi monga ma koyilo otsamwitsa, zosefera zothamanga kwambiri, zosefera zotsika pang'ono, ndi mabwalo afupiafupi a quarter-wavelength.