Ukukhethwa kunye nofakelo lwesixhobo sokhuselo lokutya (SPD)

1.Iikhrayitheriya zokukhetha

Xa ukhetha i-SPD yezixhobo, asifanele sicinge kuphela indawo yezixhobo kodwa kunye nomgama phakathi kwe-IT kunye nezinye izixhobo, kwaye ukucwangciswa kwegridi yamandla kufuneka kuqwalaselwe kuqala (njenge-TN-S, TT, inkqubo ye-IT, njl.) .Ukubeka i-SPD ngokusondeleyo okanye kude kakhulu kunokuba nefuthe elibi ekukhuselweni kwesixhobo (ngokusondeleyo kubangela ukuba isixhobo kunye ne-SPD i-oscillate, kude kakhulu ingasebenzi) .

Ukongeza, ukukhethwa kwe-SPD kufuneka kwakhona kuthathele ingqalelo okwangoku kwisixhobo, qinisekisa ukuba amacandelo e-SPD akhethiweyo anomthamo omkhulu, uvavanya i-SPD ngokwedatha efunyenwe kumenzi kwaye uthathele ingqalelo ubomi benkonzo ye-SPD.isixhobo sokukhusela isantya, khetha ukungagugi.

Kufuneka kwakhona kuqatshelwe ukuba umbane ophezulu oqhubekayo wokusebenza (UC) womkhuseli wokunyuka mkhulu kunombane osebenzayo wesixhobo, kwaye le meko, enokuthi ibe ne-overvoltage edlulayo (UT) , ithathelwa ingqalelo xa ukhetha i-SPD. , xa sele kukho le mhlawumbi ke iisixhobo sokukhusela isantyakufuneka ibe namandla ombane asezantsi kune-UC.Kwinqanaba lesithathu lenkqubo yamandla (220/380V) , kuphela ezinye izixhobo ezikhethekileyo (ezifana nesixhobo esikhethekileyo okanye izixhobo zamandla ezifuna ukhuseleko) eziya kukhuselwa ekusebenzeni kombane ogqithileyo.

2.Ibakala lokukhusela umbane kunye nendawo yokukhusela umbane

Undoqo wokukhethwa kwe-SPD kukuqaphela ngokuchanekileyo inqanaba lokukhusela umbane (i-voltage eseleyo) Ukunyuka, ubuninzi bokukhutshwa kwangoku, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-Up ingaphantsi kwenqanaba lombane wezixhobo ezikhuselweyo, kwaye emva koko ukhusele izixhobo.Ngokutsho kwe-IEC60364-4-44, i-IEC60664-1 kunye ne-IEC60730-1, xa kucwangciswa, ngokuhambelana netshathi yokusabalalisa i-Lightning yangoku, umbane wangoku we-shunt uqikelelo lwefomula kunye netheyibhile yombane yepharamitha yangoku, njengesiseko esibalulekileyo sokukhetha i-SPD.Ukwamkelwa kokuqala komgangatho wokhuseleko lombane wenkqubo yolwazi lombane.

Ukususela kwi-"Building Electronic Information System yokuKhuselwa kweKhowudi yezoBugcisa"GB50343-2012 ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wokukhusela umbane wezakhiwo kunye neeparitha zangoku zombane emva kokubetha umbane wokuqala kunye nokubetha umbane wokuqala;Ukubethelwa kombane okunokwenzeka kombane wangoku we-amplitude yangoku inokufumaneka kwakhona kwigophe elinokwenzeka lokubetha kombane wokulinganisa umbane wangoku ngomlinganiselo wonyaka wokuduma kwezulu T. E = 1-nc/n.(I-E ibonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuthintelwa kwezixhobo zokukhusela, i-NC ibonisa elona nani liphezulu elamkelekileyo lonyaka lokubethelwa kombane kwizixhobo zenkqubo yolwazi ezonakaliswe ngumbane othe ngqo kunye ne-electromagnetic pulse, kwaye i-N ibonisa inani eliqikelelweyo lonyaka lokubetha kombane kwizakhiwo) :

(1) iBanga A xa u-E emkhulu kuno-0.98;(2) ibakala B xa u-E emkhulu kuno-0.90 engaphantsi okanye elingana no-0.98;(3) ibakala C xa u-E emkhulu kuno-0.80 engaphantsi okanye elingana no-0.90;(4) ibakala D xa u-E engaphantsi okanye elingana no-0.80;

Indawo yoKhuseleko loMbane (LPZ) kufuneka ihlulwe ibe yindawo engakhuselekanga, indawo yokukhusela, indawo yokuqala yokukhusela, indawo yesibini yokukhusela kunye nendawo yokukhusela yokulandela.(umzobo 3.2.2) uya kuthobela ezi mfuno zilandelayo:

Indawo yoKhuseleko loMbane oNgqongileyo (LPZOA) : akukho kuncitshiswa kwentsimi ye-electromagnetic, zonke iintlobo zezinto ezinokubethwa ngokuthe ngqo ngumbane, yindawo evuleleke ngokupheleleyo.

Indawo yoKhuseleko loMbane othe ngqo (LPZOB): ibala lombane alithinteli, zonke iintlobo zezinto azifane zithwaxwe ngumbane ngokuthe ngqo, kukuvezwa ngokupheleleyo kwendawo yokukhusela umbane ngokuthe ngqo.

Indawo yoKhuseleko lokuQala (LPZ1) : ngenxa yendlela yokukhusela yesakhiwo, umbane ojikelezayo ojikelezayo kwii-conductors ezahlukeneyo uyancipha ngakumbi kunokuba kwindawo yokukhusela umbane othe ngqo (LPZOB), intsimi ye-electromagnetic iqale iyancipha kwaye zonke iintlobo izinto azinakubethwa ngombane ngokuthe ngqo.

Indawo yoKhuseleko lweSibini (LPZ2) : indawo yokukhusela elandelayo eyaziswa ngokunciphisa ngakumbi kwi-induced lightning current okanye i-electromagnetic field.

(5) ukulandelela indawo yoKhuseleko (LPZN) : ukuncitshiswa okungaphezulu kombane we-electromagnetic pulses kuyadingeka ukukhusela indawo yokukhusela elandelwayo yezixhobo ezibukhali kakhulu.

3.Ukhuseleko logcino lwabakhuseli botyando

Ukuze ukhusele i-SPD kwisiphaluka esifutshane ngenxa yokuguga okanye ezinye iziphene, iindlela zokukhusela kufuneka zifakwe phambi kwe-SPD.Kukho iindlela ezimbini ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, enye kukukhusela i-fuse, enye i-circuit breaker protection.Emva kokuba abacwangcisi abangaphezulu kwama-50 bombuzo bafumanise ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-80% yabacwangcisi basebenzisa ii-breakers zesekethe, into edidayo ngokwenene.Umbhali ucinga ukuba kuyiphutha ukufaka ukukhuselwa kwe-circuit breaker, kwaye ukukhuselwa kwe-fuse kufuneka kufakwe.

Ukukhuselwa koMkhuseli woKhuseleko kukukhuselwa kwisiphaluka esifutshane, akukho meko yokulayisha ngaphezulu, usebenzisa i-breaker circuit ingasebenzisa kuphela ukukhusela kwayo okuthathu (okanye ukukhuselwa kabini) kumsebenzi wekhefu kwangoko.

Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo ezikhuselayo zokukhusela i-surgery kufuneka zisekelwe kumthamo wesiphaluka esifutshane kwisixhobo se-SPD.Umsinga omfutshane wesixhobo somkhuseli wokutyanda udla ngokuba mkhulu, ukuba usebenzisa isaphuli sesekethe, ngoko kufuneka i-breaker circuit yesakhono esiphezulu secandelwana.

Kuyimfuneko ukubala ukuzinza kwe-thermal ye-conductor edibene nomkhuseli wokunyuka xa usebenzisa i-breaker circuit.Ngokutsho komthamo wesiphaluka esifutshane kwinqanaba, icandelo lomqhubi okhethiweyo liya kuba likhulu kakhulu kwaye i-wiring ayilunganga.

Ukuqonda uMgaqo weSixhobo soKhuseleko lweSurgery, cofa kwiUmgaqo-siseko weSixhobo soKhuseleko lweSurgery