Mfundo ndi Mapangidwe a Surge Protector Circuit Breaker

Chotchinga chachitetezo cha surge ndiye chomwe timachitcha kuti chida choteteza ma surge, chomwe chimatchedwanso chitetezo cha mphezi.Ndi mtundu wa zida kapena dera lomwe limapereka chitetezo chazida zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi, zida, ndi mabwalo olumikizirana.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyamwa mawotchi othamanga kapena apamwamba kwambiri pakati pa gridi ya AC kuti atsimikizire kuti zida kapena dera lomwe limateteza silidzawonongeka.
Wowononga dera woteteza ma surge amatha kuthana ndi kukwera kwamagetsi kapena ma spikes masauzande a ma volts, inde, izi zimatengera magawo ndi mawonekedwe achitetezo chosankhidwa.Palinso oteteza ma spd opangira ma volts mazana angapo, kutengera momwe amagwiritsira ntchito.Woteteza mawotchi amatha kupirira ma spikes okwera kwambiri pompopompo, koma nthawi yamagetsi ya spike singakhale yayitali, apo ayi wotetezayo amawotcha ndikuwotcha chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwamphamvu kwambiri.

Kodi Surge ndi chiyani?

Surge ndi mtundu wa kusokoneza kwakanthawi.Pazifukwa zina, voteji yanthawi yomweyo pagululi yamagetsi imapitilira kuchuluka kwa voliyumu yanthawi zonse.Nthawi zambiri, izi sizitenga nthawi yayitali, koma zimatha kukhala ndi matalikidwe okwera kwambiri.Kungakhale kukwera kwadzidzidzi mu gawo limodzi la miliyoni la sekondi imodzi.Mwachitsanzo, mphindi ya mphezi, kutulutsa katundu wolowetsa, kapena kulumikiza katundu wamkulu kudzakhala ndi chiyambukiro chachikulu pa gridi yamagetsi.Nthawi zambiri, ngati zida kapena dera lolumikizidwa ndi gridi yamagetsi silikhala ndi njira zodzitetezera, ndizosavuta kuti chipangizocho chiwonongeke, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kumakhudzana ndi kupirira kwamagetsi a chipangizocho.

Pazikhalidwe zogwirira ntchito, voteji pamalo oyeserera amasungidwa pamalo okhazikika a 500V.Komabe, ngati chosinthira q chatsekedwa mwadzidzidzi, kukwera kwamphamvu kwamagetsi kudzachitika pamalo oyesera chifukwa cha reverse electromotive force effect chifukwa cha kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa inductive current.

Magawo Awiri Omwe Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito Kuteteza Opaleshoni

1. Woteteza mlingo woyamba

Chipangizo choyamba choteteza chitetezo chapamwamba nthawi zambiri chimayikidwa pakhomo la nyumba kapena nyumba.Idzateteza zida zonse kuchokera kumalo olumikizirana khomo kuti asazunzidwe ndi ma surges.Nthawi zambiri, mphamvu ndi kuchuluka kwa chitetezo chapagulu loyamba ndizokulirapo komanso zokwera mtengo, koma ndizofunikira.

2. Mtetezi wachiwiri wa opaleshoni

Woteteza mulingo wachiwiri sakhala wamkulu ngati gawo loyamba ndipo amatenga mphamvu zochepa, koma amanyamula kwambiri.Nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pamalo ofikira zida zamagetsi, monga socket, kapena kuphatikizika kutsogolo kwa board yamagetsi yamagetsi kuti apereke chitetezo chachiwiri pazida.

Chithunzi chotsatirachi ndi chithunzi chosavuta cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa chipangizo choteteza opaleshoni:

Common Secondary Surge Protection Circuit

Kwa anthu ambiri, zimadziwika pang'ono zachitetezo chachitetezo chachiwiri, chifukwa ambiri aiwo amaphatikizidwa pa board yamagetsi.Zomwe zimatchedwa mphamvu zamagetsi nthawi zambiri zimakhala kutsogolo kwa zida zambiri zamagetsi, nthawi zambiri AC-AC, AC-DC dera ndi dera lomwe limalumikizidwa mwachindunji muzitsulo.Ntchito yofunika kwambiri yachitetezo cha mphezi yopangidwa pa bolodi lamagetsi ndikupereka chitetezo chanthawi yake pakachitika opaleshoni, monga kudula dera kapena kuyamwa mphamvu yamagetsi, Current.
Mtundu wina wachitetezo chachitetezo chachiwiri, monga UPS (magetsi osasunthika), magetsi ena ovuta a UPS adzakhala ndi gawo lodzitchinjiriza, lomwe lili ndi ntchito yofanana ndi yoteteza ma surge pa board yamagetsi wamba.

Kodi Chida Choteteza Surge Chimagwira Ntchito Motani?

Pali chitetezo chowonjezera, chomwe chimadula magetsi panthawi yomwe mphamvu yamagetsi imachitika.Chitetezo chamtunduwu ndi chanzeru komanso chovuta.ndipo ndithudi ndi okwera mtengo, ndipo kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.Chitetezo chamtunduwu nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi sensor yamagetsi, controller ndi latch.Voltage sensor makamaka imayang'anira ngati pali kusinthasintha kwamagetsi pamagetsi amagetsi.Woyang'anira amawerenga ma surge voltage sign of sensor yamagetsi ndipo amawongolera nthawi yake latch ngati kuyimitsa dera lowongolera la actuator ikawerengedwa ngati chizindikiro chakuchita opaleshoni.
Palinso mtundu wina wa surge protector circuit, umene sudula dera pamene maopaleshoni achitika, koma amachepetsa mphamvu ya opareshoni ndikuyamwa mphamvu.Izi nthawi zambiri zimamangidwa mu board board, monga kusintha mabwalo amagetsi kudzakhala ndi mtundu uwu wachitetezo chachitetezo.Dongosololi nthawi zambiri limakhala monga momwe zikuwonekera pachithunzichi:

Surge protector 1, kudutsa malire pakati pa mzere wamoyo ndi mzere wosalowerera ndale, ndiye kuti, njira yopondereza yosiyana.Oteteza maopaleshoni 2 ndi 3 motsatana amalumikizidwa ndi waya wamoyo padziko lapansi komanso waya wosalowerera padziko lapansi, womwe ndi wamba kuponderezana.Chida chophatikizira chosiyanitsa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukakamiza ndikuyamwa mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa waya wamoyo ndi waya wosalowerera.Momwemonso, chipangizo chojambulira wamba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti achepetse mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi a gawo lapansi.Nthawi zambiri, ndikokwanira kukhazikitsa chitetezo choteteza 1 pamiyezo yosafunikira kwambiri, koma nthawi zina zovuta, chitetezo cha maopaleshoni wamba chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa.

Chiyambi cha Voltage Surge

Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimatha kutulutsa mphamvu yamagetsi, makamaka chifukwa cha kugunda kwa mphezi, kuyitanitsa kwa capacitor ndi kutulutsa, ma resonant mabwalo, ma inductive switching circuits, kusokoneza kwagalimoto yamagalimoto, ndi zina zambiri. Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi pa gridi yamagetsi imatha kunenedwa kuti ili paliponse.Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupanga chitetezo cha opaleshoni muderali.

Sing'anga Yomwe Imafalitsa Opaleshoni

Pokhapokha ndi njira yoyenera yofalitsa, mphamvu yowonjezera imakhala ndi mwayi wowononga zipangizo zamagetsi.

Mzere wamagetsi-Mzere wamagetsi ndiye njira yofunika kwambiri komanso yolunjika pakufalikira, chifukwa pafupifupi zida zonse zamagetsi zimayendetsedwa ndi chingwe chamagetsi, ndipo maukonde ogawa magetsi amapezeka paliponse.

Mafunde a wailesi-kwenikweni, khomo lalikulu ndi mlongoti, womwe ndi wosavuta kulandira mafunde opanda zingwe kapena kuwomba kwa mphezi, zomwe zimatha kuwononga zida zamagetsi nthawi yomweyo.Mphenzi ikagunda mlongoti, imalowa mu cholandirira mawailesi.

Alternator-Mu gawo la zamagetsi zamagalimoto, mafunde amagetsi adzafotokozedwanso motsindika.Nthawi zambiri pamene alternator ili ndi kusinthasintha kovuta, mphamvu yaikulu yowonjezera imapangidwa.

Kuzungulira kochititsa chidwi-pamene voteji pamapeto onse a inductor amasintha mwadzidzidzi, mphamvu yowonjezera imapezeka nthawi zambiri.

Momwe Mungapangire Dera la Chitetezo cha Surge

Sizovuta kupanga chigawo choteteza chitetezo.M'malo mwake, kuti mupange gawo lodzitchinjiriza lokhazikika, njira yosavuta imangofunika gawo limodzi, ndiye kuti, MOV varistor kapena TVS ya diode yocheperako.Monga momwe tawonetsera pachithunzichi, oteteza opaleshoni 1-3 akhoza kukhala varistors MOV kapena TVS.

Nthawi zina, ndikofunikira kuti mulumikizane ndi mtundu wa MOV molumikizana pakati pa mzere wosalowerera wa chingwe chamagetsi cha AC kuti mukwaniritse muyezo wa IEC.M'mapulogalamu ambiri, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera gawo lodzitchinjiriza pakati pa waya wa zero ndi pansi nthawi yomweyo kuti mukwaniritse zofunikira zoyeserera, mwachitsanzo, chofunikiracho ndichokwera kuposa 4KV.

Surge Protector ya Varistor MOV

Makhalidwe oyambira a MOV

1. MOV imayimira Metal oxide varistor, metal oxide resistor, mtengo wake wokana udzasintha malinga ndi voteji kudutsa resistor.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa ma gridi amagetsi a AC kuti athane ndi ma voltage owonjezera.
2. MOV ndi chipangizo chapadera chozikidwa pa voteji.
3. MOV ikagwira ntchito, mawonekedwe ake amafanana pang'ono ndi ma diode, osagwirizana komanso osagwirizana ndi malamulo a Ohm, koma mawonekedwe ake amagetsi ndi omwe ali pano ndi bidirectional, pomwe ma diode ndi amodzi.
4. Zili ngati bidirectional TVS diode.
5. Pamene voliyumu kudutsa varistor sikufika voteji achepetsa, ali mu dera lotseguka boma.

Kusankhidwa Kwa Malo a Varistor mu Surge Protection Circuit

Varistor ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo cha opaleshoni.Mukamapanga, onetsetsani kuti ili pafupi kwambiri ndi fuseyi pamapeto olowera, monga momwe tawonetsera pachithunzichi.Mwanjira iyi, zitha kutsimikiziridwa kuti fuseyo imatha kuwombedwa panthawi yomwe kuphulika kumachitika, ndipo dera lotsatira limakhala lotseguka kuti lipewe kuwonongeka kwakukulu kapena ngakhale moto womwe umachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamphamvu.