Isimiso sedivayisi yokuvikela ukuhlinza

Isingeniso

Idivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka (SPD) , eyaziwa nangokuthi“Isibambi sombani”or “Idivayisi yokuvikela i-overvoltage”, KuyiDivaysi ebaluleke kakhulu ekuvikelweni kombani kwezinto zikagesi.Umsebenzi wayo ukukhawulela i-over-voltage edlulayo entanjeni yamandla kanye nolayini wokudlulisa isignali ebangeni imishini noma isistimu engathwala, noma ukukhipha amandla ombani anamandla emhlabathini, ukuvikela izinto ezivikelwe noma amasistimu emonakalweni ngenxa yokushaqeka. .

Ububanzi bokusebenza be-SPD ngokuyinhloko ukuvikela amandla okunikezwa kwamandla kagesi aphansi kanye nesistimu yokusabalalisa kanye nokuvikelwa komugqa wokudlulisa isignali wesistimu yolwazi lwe-elekthronikhi.Eyokuqala iwukucindezela umbani we-electromagnetic pulse interference (EMP-RRB- evela kusekethe yokuphakelwa kwamandla, futhi lokhu okulandelayo ukucindezela ukuphazamiseka kwe-EMP emp okuvela kwisekhethi yesignali. Kokubili into yokuvikela impahla yesistimu yolwazi lwe-elekthronikhi, amadivaysi.

Ukwakheka

Uhlobo nesakhiwo se-aIdivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphukaiyahlukahluka ngezinjongo ezihlukene, kodwa kufanele iqukathe okungenani into eyodwa engaqondile yomkhawulo kagesi.Izingxenye eziyinhloko zamadivayisi okuvikela okuhlinzwa yi-metal oxide varistor (MOV) , ​​i-silicon avalanche diode noma ama-TRANSORB diode, ishubhu eligcwele igesi, njll.

I-1) I-MOV iyisicindezeli sokuhlinzwa esisebenzayo, esisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuvimbela umonakalo oyinhlekelele kumishini, kodwa idinga isikhathi sokuphendula, okusho ukuthi isikhathi esifushane kakhulu somthamo omkhulu singangena emishinini ngaphambi kokuba isekethe yomkhawulo isebenze.Ngakho-ke, Idivayisi yokuvikela i-Surge edizayinwe yi-MOV ayifanele ukuvikela okokusebenza okuzwelayo nge-microprocessor.Lo mklamo okwamanje usetshenziswa ku-90% wabavikeli bamanje abahlinzayo emakethe.

2) i-avalanche diode noma i-TRANSORB diode isabela ngokushesha kune-MOV futhi izwela kuma-transients, kodwa umthamo omkhulu wale elementi nawo mncane kakhulu kunalowo we-MOV yosayizi omaphakathi.

3) ishubhu eligcwele igesi linesikhathi eside sokuphendula, kodwa lingakwazi ukumunca amanani amakhulu okwanda kwamandla, futhi ngokuvamile liklanywe njenge“Ithemba lokugcina”ukulinganisa ukucindezela imisinga yokuhlinza kwe-AC, ukuvimbela ukungena kwamandla okwandayo okungahlungwanga yisigaba sangaphambilini.

Isebenza kanjani

Kusukela ngakho'saIdivayisi yokuvikela ukukhuphuka, vumela's siqale ngokuhlinzwa.I-Surge eyaziwa nangokuthi i-surge, njengoba igama lisho ukuthi ingaphezu kwamandla kagesi okusebenza avamile we-overvoltage esheshayo.Empeleni, ukuqhuma kuwukushaya kwenhliziyo okunamandla okwenzeka ezigidini ezimbalwa zesekhondi futhi kungabangelwa amathuluzi asindayo, amasekhethi amafushane, amaswishi kagesi noma izinjini ezinkulu.Imikhiqizo enezinqamuleli ezihlikihlayo imunca ngempumelelo ukukhuphuka kwamandla okungazelelwe ukuze ivikele izisetshenziswa ezixhumayo emonakalweni.

Ngokomgomo wokusebenza, Idivayisi yokuvikela i-Surge ingahlukaniswa ngohlobo lokushintsha, uhlobo lomkhawulo we-voltage, uhlobo lwe-shunt noma uhlobo lokuminyanisa:

I-1) uhlobo lokushintsha: lusebenza njenge-impedance ephezulu uma kungekho overvoltage yesikhashana, kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho isabela ku-overvoltage yesikhashana yombani, i-impedance yayo ishintsha ngokuzumayo ibe yinani eliphansi, okuvumela umbani wombani ukuba udlule.Amadivayisi asetshenziswa kumadivayisi anjalo: I-Discharge Gap, i-tube egcwele igesi, i-thyristor, njll.

2) uhlobo olukhawula amandla kagesi: lusebenza njenge-impedance ephezulu uma kungekho overvoltage yesikhashana, kodwa i-impedance yayo iyancipha ngokunyuka kwe-inrush current kanye ne-voltage, futhi izici zayo zamanje kanye ne-voltage azikho emgqeni kakhulu.Amadivayisi asetshenziswa kumadivayisi anjalo ahlanganisa i-zinc oxide, i-varistors, i-transient-voltage-suppression diode, i-avalanche diode, njll.

3) ukuhlukaniswa noma ukuminyanisa uhlobo

Uhlobo lwe-shunt: ngokuhambisana nezinto ezivikelwe, lunikeza ukuvinjelwa okuphansi komfutho wombani kanye ne-impedance ephezulu kwimvamisa yokusebenza evamile;uhlobo lokuminyanisa: ochungechungeni olunezinto ezivikelwe, luveza ukuthintana okuphezulu kumfutho wombani, kodwa emazingeni okusebenza ajwayelekile kuveza i-impedance ephansi.Amadivayisi asetshenziswa kumadivayisi anjalo ahlanganisa amakhoyili amakhoyili, isihlungi se-high-pass, isihlungi se-low-pass, namasekhethi amafushane we-quar-wavelength.