Akwatin Junction Panel na PV mai hankali yana magance Manyan Matsaloli guda uku waɗanda ke addabar masana'antar PV

A cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, samfuran samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic sun zama mafi shahara a duk duniya, kuma sabbin abubuwan da ke kewaye da masana'antar hoto suna fitowa ba tare da ƙarewa ba.Wadannan sababbin matakan sun inganta ci gaba da inganta ingantaccen tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic, ƙananan farashi, da kuma sa tsarin photovoltaic ya fi dacewa da kuma kusa da rayuwar mazauna.

Daga cikin waɗannan sabbin matakan, R&D mai hankali na tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic ya zama ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke damun sabbin fasahohin duniya.Wasu kamfanoni na farko na hotovoltaic da cibiyoyin bincike suna amfani da fasahar Intanet, fasahar firikwensin, babban bincike na bayanai, da dai sauransu don haɗawa da keɓantaccen tsarin tashar wutar lantarki don taimaka wa masu saka hannun jari yin mafi dacewa da kiyaye aminci na yau da kullun da yanke shawara na bincike na saka hannun jari.

Ƙirƙirar tushen tsarin wutar lantarki na hasken rana - hasken rana, yana ɗaukar nauyin mahimmanci na karɓar haske da kuma canza makamashin haske zuwa makamashin lantarki.Duk da haka, a cikin shekaru da yawa, mafi yawan abin da ake kira masu amfani da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic masu hankali waɗanda suka yi iƙirarin shigar da tsarin gudanarwa na fasaha har yanzu ba su ga wani alamar "hankali" a kan ainihin matakin samar da wutar lantarki core modules (panels).Ana haɗa nau'ikan nau'ikan hasken rana kawai ta mai sakawa don samar da kirtani, kuma an haɗa igiyoyi da yawa don samar da tsararrun hoto, wanda a ƙarshe ya samar da tsarin tashar wutar lantarki.

To, ko akwai wata matsala da wannan tsarin?

Na farko, ƙarfin lantarki na kowane panel na photovoltaic ba shi da girma, kawai 'yan dubun volts, amma ƙarfin lantarki a cikin jerin ya kai kimanin 1000V.Lokacin da na'urar samar da wutar lantarki ta ci karo da gobara, ko da ma'aikatan kashe gobara za su iya cire haɗin na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa na babban da'irar, duk tsarin yana da haɗari sosai, saboda kawai na yanzu a cikin da'irar da aka kashe.Domin ana haɗa hasken rana da juna ta hanyar haɗin kai, ƙarfin lantarki na tsarin zuwa ƙasa har yanzu yana da 1000V.Lokacin da ma'aikatan kashe gobara da ba su da kwarewa sun ƙare manyan bindigogin ruwa don fesa ruwa a kan waɗannan allunan samar da wutar lantarki na 1000V, saboda ruwan yana aiki, babban bambancin wutar lantarki yana ɗorawa kai tsaye a kan masu kashe wuta ta hanyar ruwa, kuma bala'i zai faru.

Na biyu, halayen fitarwa na kowane panel na photovoltaic ba daidai ba ne, kamar halin yanzu, ƙarfin lantarki da mafi kyawun aiki.Tare da amfani na dogon lokaci da kuma tsufa na dabi'a na tsarin photovoltaic a waje, wannan rashin daidaituwa zai zama mafi mahimmanci.Halayen samar da wutar lantarki na tandem sun dace da "sakamakon ganga".A wasu kalmomi, jimillar samar da wutar lantarki na igiyoyin hasken rana ya dogara da yawa akan halayen fitarwa na panel mafi rauni a cikin kirtani.

Na uku, hasken rana sun fi jin tsoron rufewar inuwa (abubuwan da aka rufe su ne sau da yawa inuwar bishiya, zubar da tsuntsaye, ƙura, bututun hayaki, abubuwa na waje, da dai sauransu), don haka ana shigar da su gaba ɗaya a wurare masu rana, amma a cikin rarraba tsarin samar da wutar lantarki a cikin rufin gida. don yin la'akari da kyau da daidaitawa na tsarin ginin gida da tsakar gida, masu sau da yawa suna yada sassan baturi a ko'ina a kan dukan rufin.Ko da yake wasu sassa na waɗannan rufin na iya haifar da rufewar inuwa, wani lokacin, masu mallakar ba su da cikakkiyar fahimtar tasiri da cutarwar inuwa a kan fatun wutar lantarki.Tunda inuwar baturi yana da inuwa, ɓangaren kariya ta hanyar wucewa (yawanci diode) a cikin akwatin mahadar panel na PV a bayan kwamitin za a jawo shi, kuma DC na yanzu har zuwa kusan 9A a cikin kirtan baturi za a loda shi nan take a kan hanyar wucewa. na'urar, yin akwatin junction na PV Za a sami babban zafin jiki fiye da digiri 100 a ciki.Wannan babban zafin jiki ba zai yi tasiri ba a kan allon baturi da akwatin junction a cikin gajeren lokaci, amma idan ba a kawar da tasirin inuwa ba kuma ya kasance na dogon lokaci, zai yi tasiri sosai ga rayuwar sabis na akwatin junction da allon baturi. .

Bugu da ƙari, wasu inuwa suna cikin garkuwa mai maimaita maimaitawa (misali, rassan da ke gaban rufin hoton hoto na gida za su sake toshe baturin baturi tare da iska. conduction - katsewa).Ana kunna diode da dumama ta babban wutar lantarki, sa'an nan kuma ana juyar da son rai nan take don soke na yanzu da kuma ƙara ƙarfin juzu'i.A cikin wannan maimaita sake zagayowar, rayuwar sabis na diode yana raguwa sosai.Da zarar diode a cikin akwatin junction na PV panel ya ƙone, tsarin fitar da tsarin gabaɗayan rukunin rana zai gaza.

To shin ko akwai mafita da za ta iya magance wadannan matsaloli guda uku na sama a lokaci guda?Injiniyoyi sun ƙirƙiraakwatin junction na PV mai hankalibayan shekaru na aiki tukuru da aiki.

Wannan Slocable PV junction akwatin yana amfani da keɓaɓɓen guntu sarrafa wutar lantarki na photovoltaic DC don ƙira da gina allon kewayawa, wanda za'a iya shigar dashi kai tsaye a cikin akwatin junction na hotovoltaic.Domin saukaka shigar masu masana'antar hasken rana, zanen ya tanadar da hanyoyin sadarwa na bas guda hudu, ta yadda akwatin junction za a iya haɗa shi cikin sauƙi da hasken rana, da fitarwa.igiyoyikumamasu haɗin kaian riga an shigar da su kafin barin masana'anta.Wannan akwatin junction a halin yanzu shine mafi dacewa akwatin haɗin kai na fasaha na PV a cikin masana'antar photovoltaic don shigarwa da kulawa.Yafi bayar da mafita ga manyan matsaloli guda uku na sama waɗanda ke addabar masana'antar photovoltaic.Yana da ayyuka masu zuwa:

1) Ayyukan MPPT: Ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar software da hardware, kowane kwamiti yana sanye da iyakar fasahar sa ido da na'urorin sarrafawa.Wannan fasaha na iya haɓaka raguwar ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki da ke haifar da halayen panel daban-daban a cikin tsararrun panel kuma rage "Tasirin "tasirin ganga" akan ingancin tashar wutar lantarki na iya inganta ingantaccen ƙarfin wutar lantarki na tashar wutar lantarki.Daga sakamakon gwajin, ana iya haɓaka ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na tsarin da kashi 47.5%, wanda ke ƙara yawan kuɗin shiga na saka hannun jari kuma yana raguwa sosai lokacin biyan kuɗin saka hannun jari.

2) Aikin rufewa na hankali don yanayi mara kyau kamar wuta: Idan akwai wuta, ginanniyar software algorithm na akwatin junction panel PV da da'irar kayan aiki na iya tantance ko rashin daidaituwa ya faru a cikin milliseconds 10, kuma an yanke shi sosai. haɗi tsakanin kowane panel baturi.Wutar lantarki na 1000V an rage shi zuwa ƙarfin da zai yarda da jikin ɗan adam a kusa da 40V don tabbatar da amincin masu kashe gobara.

3) MOSFET thyristor hadedde fasahar sarrafawa ana amfani da maimakon na gargajiya Schottky diode.Lokacin da aka toshe inuwar, MOSFET kewayen halin yanzu za a iya farawa nan take don kare lafiyar rukunin baturi.A lokaci guda, saboda ƙananan halayen VF na MOSFET, zafin da aka haifar a cikin akwatin junction gabaɗaya shine kawai kashi ɗaya cikin goma na na akwatin junction na yau da kullun.Wannan fasaha sosai Rayuwar sabis na akwatin junction na photovoltaic yana dadewa, kuma rayuwar sabis na hasken rana ya fi dacewa.

A halin yanzu, mafita na fasaha don akwatunan haɗin gwiwar PV masu hankali suna fitowa ɗaya bayan ɗaya, galibi a kusa da haɓakawa da haɓaka ingantaccen ƙarfin wutar lantarki na ƙirar hoto, da haɓaka hanyoyin samar da amsawar wuta na tsarin photovoltaic kamar ayyukan kashewa.

Haɓakawa da ƙirƙira "akwatin junction PV mai hankali" ba lallai ba ne aiki mai rikitarwa da zurfi.Duk da haka, ta yaya akwatin haɗin kai mai hankali zai iya saduwa da maki zafi da matsalolin kasuwar hotovoltaic?Wajibi ne a sami mafi kyawun ma'auni dangane da aikin lantarki na akwatin junction, rayuwar sabis na na'urorin lantarki, farashi da zuba jarurruka na akwatin haɗin kai na fasaha.An yi imani da cewa a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, akwatin junction na PV mai hankali zai sami ƙarin aikace-aikace a cikin tsarin photovoltaic kuma ya haifar da ƙarin darajar ga masu zuba jari.