Ubwenge bwa PV Panel Ihuriro Agasanduku gakemura ibibazo bitatu byingenzi byugarije inganda za PV

Mu myaka 10 ishize, ibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu za Photovoltaque byarushijeho kumenyekana kwisi yose, kandi udushya dukikije inganda zifotora zigaragara muburyo budashira.Izi ngamba zo guhanga udushya zateje imbere iterambere ryimikorere ya sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi, ibiciro biri hasi, kandi bituma sisitemu yifotora irushaho gushingira no kwegera ubuzima bwabaturage.

Muri izi ngamba zo guhanga udushya, R&D ifite ubwenge bwa sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi yabaye imwe mu mpungenge nyamukuru zo guhanga udushya ku isi.Ibigo bimwe byambere bifotora hamwe nibigo byubushakashatsi bifashisha ikoranabuhanga rya interineti, ikoranabuhanga rya sensor, isesengura rinini ryamakuru, nibindi kugirango bahuze sisitemu y’amashanyarazi yitaruye kugira ngo ifashe abashoramari gufata neza uburyo bwo kubungabunga umutekano wa buri munsi no gufata ibyemezo byo gusesengura amafaranga.

Gukora intandaro ya sisitemu yizuba - imirasire yizuba, ifite uruhare rwibanze rwo kwakira urumuri no guhindura ingufu zumucyo ingufu zamashanyarazi.Ariko, uko imyaka yagiye ihita, ibyinshi mubyitwa amashanyarazi yububasha bwamashanyarazi avuga ko yashyizeho urubuga rwo gucunga ubwenge kugeza ubu ntibarabona ibimenyetso by "ubwenge" kurwego rwibanze rwo gutanga amashanyarazi yibanze (paneli).Imirasire y'izuba ihujwe gusa nuruhererekane nuwashizeho kugirango ikore umugozi, kandi imirongo myinshi ihujwe no gukora ifoto ya fotora, amaherezo ikora sisitemu yumuriro.

Noneho, hari ikibazo kijyanye niyi gahunda?

Ubwa mbere, voltage ya buri paneli ya Photovoltaque ntabwo iri hejuru, gusa volt nkeya gusa, ariko voltage murukurikirane ni hejuru ya 1000V.Iyo sisitemu yo kubyaza ingufu amashanyarazi ihuye numuriro, kabone niyo abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro bashobora guhagarika inzira yo kugaruka kumuzunguruko nyamukuru, sisitemu yose iracyafite akaga gakomeye, kuko aribisanzwe gusa mumuzunguruko uzimya.Kuberako imirasire yizuba ihujwe nundi uhuza, voltage ya sisitemu kubutaka iracyari 1000V.Iyo abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro badafite uburambe barangije imbunda y’amazi y’umuvuduko mwinshi kugira ngo batere amazi kuri izo mbaho ​​zitanga amashanyarazi 1000V, kubera ko amazi atwara, itandukaniro rinini rya voltage ryishyirwa ku bashinzwe kuzimya umuriro binyuze mu nkingi y’amazi, kandi hazabaho impanuka.

Icya kabiri, ibisohoka biranga buri cyuma gifotora ntigihuye, nkibigezweho, voltage hamwe nibikorwa byiza.Hamwe nimikoreshereze yigihe kirekire nubusaza busanzwe bwa sisitemu ya Photovoltaque hanze, uku kudahuza bizagenda bigaragara.Ibiranga ingufu za tandem kubyara bihuye n "ingaruka ya barriel".Muyandi magambo, ingufu zose zitanga umurongo wizuba ryizuba biterwa cyane nibisohoka biranga ibiranga intege nke mumurongo.

Icya gatatu, imirasire yizuba itinya cyane igicucu (ibintu byo gukumira akenshi ni igicucu cyibiti, ibitonyanga byinyoni, umukungugu, chimney, ibintu byamahanga, nibindi), kubwibyo rero bishyirwa ahantu hizuba, ariko muburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi hejuru yinzu kugirango dusuzume ubwiza no guhuza inzu rusange hamwe ninyubako yinyubako, ba nyirayo bakwirakwiza paneri ya batiri ku gisenge cyose.Nubwo ibice bimwe byibi bisenge bishobora gutera igicucu, rimwe na rimwe, ba nyirubwite ntibumva neza ingaruka n’ingaruka ziterwa n’igicucu ku mashanyarazi.Kubera ko ikibaho cya batiri gitwikiriwe nigicucu, ikintu cyo kurinda bypass (mubisanzwe diode) mumasanduku ya PV ya panne ihuza inyuma yikibaho kizaterwa, kandi DC ihari igera kuri 9A mumurongo wa batiri izahita yipakirwa kuri bypass. igikoresho, gukora agasanduku ka PV hazabaho ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa dogere zirenga 100 imbere.Ubu bushyuhe bwo hejuru buzagira ingaruka nke ku kibaho cya batiri no mu gasanduku gahuza mu gihe gito, ariko niba ingaruka zigicucu zidakuweho kandi kikaba kibaho igihe kirekire, bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kubuzima bwa serivise yisanduku ihuza hamwe na batiri ya batiri .

Byongeye kandi, igicucu kimwe ni icyuma gikingira inshuro nyinshi (urugero, amashami imbere yinzu yo gufotora urugo azahagarika inshuro nyinshi ikibaho cya batiri hamwe numuyaga. kuyobora - guhagarika).Diyode irakinguwe kandi ishyutswe nimbaraga nini-nini, hanyuma kubogama bihita bihita bihita bihagarika umuyaga no kongera voltage yinyuma.Muri uku kuzenguruka gusubiramo, ubuzima bwa serivisi ya diode buragabanuka cyane.Iyo diode imaze guhuza agasanduku ka PV kamaze gutwikwa, sisitemu isohoka yizuba ryose izananirwa.

Noneho, hari igisubizo gishobora gukemura ibibazo bitatu byavuzwe haruguru icyarimwe?Ba injeniyeri bahimbye Uwitekaubwenge bwa PV ihuza agasandukunyuma yimyaka myinshi yo gukora cyane no kwitoza.

Aka gasanduku ka Slocable PV gakoresha imashini yihariye ya DC ifotora amashanyarazi kugirango ishushanye kandi yubake ikibaho cyumuzunguruko, gishobora gushyirwaho mu buryo butaziguye mu gasanduku gafotora.Mu rwego rwo koroshya ishyirwaho ryabakora imirasire yizuba, igishushanyo cyahunitse imiyoboro ine ya bisi-band, kugirango agasanduku gahuza gashobora guhuzwa byoroshye nizuba, nibisohokainsinganaabahuzabyashizweho mbere yo kuva mu ruganda.Aka gasanduku gahuza ubu nububiko bworoshye bwa PV bwubwenge bwisanduku munganda zifotora kugirango ushyire kandi ubungabunge.Itanga cyane cyane ibisubizo kubibazo bitatu bitatu byavuzwe haruguru byugarije inganda zifotora.Ifite imirimo ikurikira:

1) Imikorere ya MPPT: Binyuze mubufatanye bwa software hamwe nibyuma, buri tsinda rifite ibikoresho byinshi byikoranabuhanga bikurikirana kandi bigenzura.Iri koranabuhanga rirashobora kugabanya cyane kugabanya ingufu z'amashanyarazi zatewe n'ibiranga ibice bitandukanye mu murongo w’ibice kandi bikagabanya "Ingaruka za" ingunguru ya barriel "ku mikorere ya sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi irashobora kuzamura cyane imikorere y’amashanyarazi.Duhereye ku bisubizo by'ibizamini, ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikoreshwa muri sisitemu zishobora no kwiyongera kuri 47.5%, ibyo bikaba byongera amafaranga y’ishoramari kandi bikagabanya cyane igihe cyo kwishyura.

) ihuriro hagati ya buri bateri.Umuvuduko wa 1000V wagabanutse kuri voltage yemewe numubiri wumuntu hafi 40V kugirango umutekano wabashinzwe kuzimya umuriro.

3) MOSFET thyristor igizwe na tekinoroji yo kugenzura ikoreshwa aho gukoresha diode gakondo ya Schottky.Iyo igicucu kibujijwe, icyerekezo cya MOSFET gishobora guhita gitangira kurinda umutekano wikibaho.Mugihe kimwe, kuberako bidasanzwe VF biranga MOSFET, ubushyuhe butangwa mumasanduku rusange ihuza ni kimwe cya cumi cyibisanzwe bisanzwe.Iri koranabuhanga cyane Ubuzima bwa serivise yisanduku ya Photovoltaque iramba, kandi ubuzima bwumurimo wizuba ryizewe neza.

Kugeza ubu, ibisubizo bya tekinike kubisanduku byubwenge bya PV bigenda bigaragara buri kimwe, cyane cyane mugutezimbere no kunoza imikorere yumuriro wamashanyarazi, no kunoza uburyo bwo gufata umuriro wumuriro nkibikorwa byo guhagarika.

Gutezimbere no gushushanya "ubwenge bwa PV ihuza agasanduku" ntabwo byanze bikunze umurimo utoroshye kandi wimbitse.None, nigute agasanduku gahuza ubwenge gashobora guhura ningingo zibabaza ningorane zisoko ryamafoto?Birakenewe gushakisha impirimbanyi nziza ukurikije imikorere yamashanyarazi agasanduku gahuza, ubuzima bwa serivisi bwibikoresho bya elegitoronike, ikiguzi ninjiza yishoramari ryisanduku yubwenge.Byizerwa ko mumyaka mike iri imbere, agasanduku ka PV gafite ubwenge kazaba gafite porogaramu nyinshi muri sisitemu yo gufotora no guha agaciro abashoramari.