Ibhokisi yoBuchule yePaneli yePV yeJunction isombulula iiNgxaki eziNtathu eziNtu eziNxibelela kwishishini lePV

Kwiminyaka eyi-10 edlulileyo, iimveliso zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic ziye zithandwa kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele, kwaye izinto ezintsha ezijikeleze imboni ye-photovoltaic zivela ngokungapheliyo.La manyathelo amatsha akhuthaze ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic, iindleko eziphantsi, kunye nokwenza inkqubo ye-photovoltaic isekelwe ngakumbi kwaye isondele kubomi babahlali.

Phakathi kwala manyathelo amatsha, i-R&D ekrelekrele yeenkqubo zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic ibe yenye yeenkxalabo ezingundoqo zokwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe behlabathi.Ezinye iinkampani ezingoovulindlela ze-photovoltaic kunye namaziko ophando asebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-Intanethi, itekhnoloji yesivamvo, uhlalutyo olukhulu lwedatha, njl.njl. ukudibanisa iinkqubo ezikwanti zesikhululo samandla se-photovoltaic ukunceda abatyali-mali benze ugcino lokhuseleko lwemihla ngemihla oluluncedo ngakumbi kunye nezigqibo zokuhlalutya ingeniso yotyalo-mali.

Ukwenza isiseko senkqubo yamandla elanga - iipaneli zelanga, zithwala indima esisiseko yokufumana ukukhanya kunye nokuguqula amandla okukhanya kumandla ombane.Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka edlulileyo, uninzi lwezityalo ezibizwa ngokuba zihlakaniphile ze-photovoltaic eziye zafaka i-platform yokulawula i-intelligence ayikaboni nayiphi na imikhondo ye "intelligence" kwinqanaba elisisiseko leemodyuli eziphambili zokuvelisa amandla (iipaneli).Iipaneli zelanga zidibaniswe ngokulandelelana ngumfaki ukwenza umtya, kwaye iintambo ezininzi zixhunyiwe ukuze zenze i-photovoltaic array, ekugqibeleni yenza inkqubo yesikhululo samandla.

Ke, ngaba ikho ingxaki kweli lungiselelo?

Okokuqala, i-voltage yepaneli nganye ye-photovoltaic ayikho phezulu, kuphela amashumi ambalwa e-volts, kodwa i-voltage kwi-series iphezulu malunga ne-1000V.Xa inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla idibana nomlilo, nokuba abacimi-mlilo banokuqhawula ukutshintshwa kwesekethe yokubuya yesekethe eyintloko, yonke inkqubo iseyingozi kakhulu, kuba yinto ekhoyo kuphela kwisekethi yokubuyisela ecinyiweyo.Ngenxa yokuba iipaneli zelanga zidibaniswe kunye neziqhagamshelo, i-voltage yenkqubo emhlabeni iseyi-1000V.Xa abacimi bomlilo abangenamava bagqiba imipu yamanzi ephezulu yokutshiza amanzi kula mabhodi okuvelisa amandla e-1000V, ngenxa yokuba amanzi ahambayo, umehluko omkhulu we-voltage ulayishwe ngokuthe ngqo kubacimi-mlilo ngokusebenzisa ikholomu yamanzi, kwaye intlekele iya kwenzeka.

Okwesibini, iimpawu zemveliso yephaneli nganye ye-photovoltaic ayihambelani, njengangoku, i-voltage kunye neyona ndawo yokusebenza.Ngokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kunye nokuguga kwendalo kweenkqubo ze-photovoltaic ngaphandle, oku kungahambelani kuya kubonakala ngakumbi.Iimpawu zokuvelisa amandla e-tandem zihambelana "nempembelelo yombhobho".Ngamanye amazwi, ukuveliswa kwamandla ombane oluhlu lweepaneli zelanga kuxhomekeke ngakumbi kwiimpawu zemveliso zeyona ndawo ibuthathaka kakhulu kumtya.

Okwesithathu, iiphaneli zelanga zoyika kakhulu ukuvaleka kwesithunzi (izinto zokuvala zihlala zingumthunzi womthi, inkunkuma yeentaka, uthuli, iitshimini, izinto zangaphandle, njl.njl.), ngoko ke zifakwe ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezinelanga, kodwa kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa amandla ophahleni. umyalelo wokuqwalasela ubuhle kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwendlu yonke kunye nesakhiwo sokwakha intendelezo, abanini bahlala besasaza iipaneli zebhetri ngokulinganayo phezu kophahla lonke.Nangona ezinye iindawo zolu phahla zingabangela ukuvalwa kwethunzi, ngamanye amaxesha, abaniniyo abayiqondi ngokupheleleyo impembelelo enzulu kunye nomonakalo wokuvala ithunzi kwiipaneli zombane.Ekubeni iphaneli yebhetri ikhuselwe yimithunzi, into yokukhusela i-bypass (idla ngokuba yi-diode) kwibhokisi yepaneli ye-PV emva kwepaneli iya kunyanzeliswa, kwaye i-DC yangoku ukuya kuthi ga kwi-9A kumtya webhetri iya kulayishwa ngoko nangoko kwi-bypass. isixhobo, ukwenza ibhokisi ye-PV yokuhlangana Kuya kuba nobushushu obuphezulu obungaphezulu kwama-degrees angama-100 ngaphakathi.Eli qondo lobushushu liphezulu liya kuba nefuthe elincinci kwibhodi yebhetri kunye nebhokisi lokuhlangana kwixesha elifutshane, kodwa ukuba umphumo wesithunzi awupheli kwaye ukhona ixesha elide, uya kuchaphazela kakhulu ubomi benkonzo yebhokisi yokuhlangana kunye nebhodi yebhetri. .

Ngaphezu koko, ezinye izithunzi zezokhuselo oluphindaphindiweyo oluphindaphindiweyo (umzekelo, amasebe aphambi kophahla lwe-photovoltaic yasekhaya aya kuthintela ngokuphindaphindiweyo ipaneli yebhetri ngomoya. Olu khuselo olutshintshisayo oluphezulu lwenza isixhobo sokudlula kumjikelo: ukuqhawulwa - ukuqhuba - ukuqhawula).I-diode ivuliwe kwaye ishushu ngumbane wamandla aphezulu, kwaye i-bias iguqulwa ngokukhawuleza ukukhansela okwangoku kunye nokunyusa i-voltage reverse.Kulo mjikelezo ophindaphindiweyo, ubomi benkonzo ye-diode buyancipha kakhulu.Nje ukuba i-diode kwibhokisi yephaneli yePV yephaneli itshiswe, ukuphuma kwenkqubo yephaneli yelanga iphela kuya kusilela.

Ngoko, ngaba sikho isicombululo esinokucombulula ezi ngxaki zintathu zingasentla ngaxeshanye?Iinjineli zayila iibhokisi yokuhlangana yePV ekrelekreleemva kweminyaka yokusebenza nzima nokuziqhelanisa.

Le bhokisi yokuhlangana ye-Slocable PV isebenzisa i-DC ezinikeleyo yokulawula amandla e-photovoltaic chip ukuyila nokwakha ibhodi yesiphaluka yolawulo, enokufakwa ngokuthe ngqo kwibhokisi ye-photovoltaic junction.Ukuze kube lula ukufakwa kwabenzi beepaneli zelanga, uyilo lugcine iintambo ezine zebhasi-band, ukwenzela ukuba ibhokisi yokudibanisa idityaniswe lula kwipaneli yelanga, kunye nemveliso.iintambokwayeizihlanganisizifakelwe kwangaphambili phambi kokushiya umzi-mveliso.Le bhokisi ye-junction okwangoku iyona bhokisi ye-PV ehlakaniphile kakhulu yokudibanisa kwimboni ye-photovoltaic ukufaka nokugcina.Ikakhulu ibonelela ngezisombululo kwezi zintathu zingasentla iingxaki ezinkulu ezibetha imboni ye-photovoltaic.Inemisebenzi elandelayo:

1) Umsebenzi weMPPT: Ngokubambisana kwesoftware kunye ne-hardware, iphaneli nganye ixhotyiswe ngeteknoloji yokulandelela amandla aphezulu kunye nezixhobo zokulawula.Obu buchwephesha bunokwandisa ukucuthwa kokusebenza kombane okwenziwa ziimpawu zephaneli ezahlukeneyo kuluhlu lwephaneli kunye nokunciphisa ” Impembelelo “yempembelelo yombhobho” ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwesikhululo samandla inokuphucula kakhulu ukuveliswa kombane kwisikhululo samandla.Kwiziphumo zovavanyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kombane kwesixokelelwano kunokonyuka nge-47.5%, nto leyo eyandisa ingeniso yotyalo-mali kwaye ifinyeze kakhulu ixesha lokubuyisela imali.

I-2) Umsebenzi wokuvala ngobuchule kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga ezifana nomlilo: Kwimeko yomlilo, i-algorithm ye-software eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi yebhokisi yepaneli ye-PV kunye nesekethe ye-hardware inokugqiba ukuba kukho into engaqhelekanga eyenzekayo ngaphakathi kwe-10 milliseconds, kwaye inqunyulwe ngokusebenzayo. udibaniso phakathi kwendawo nganye yebhetri.I-voltage ye-1000V iyancipha ibe yi-voltage eyamkelekileyo kumzimba womntu malunga ne-40V ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabacimi bomlilo.

3) I-MOSFET thyristor iteknoloji yokulawula edibeneyo isetyenziswa endaweni ye-diode yendabuko ye-Schottky.Xa isithunzi sivaliwe, i-MOSFET bypass current inokuqaliswa ngoko nangoko ukukhusela ukhuseleko lwephaneli yebhetri.Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yeempawu ezikhethekileyo ze-VF ezisezantsi ze-MOSFET, ubushushu obuveliswe kwibhokisi yokuhlangana iyonke sisisinye seshumi kuphela sebhokisi eqhelekileyo yokuhlangana.Le teknoloji kakhulu Ubomi benkonzo yebhokisi ye-photovoltaic junction bude, kwaye ubomi benkonzo yepaneli yelanga buqinisekiswa ngcono.

Okwangoku, izisombululo zobugcisa kwiibhokisi ze-PV ezihlakaniphile zivela enye emva kwenye, ubukhulu becala malunga nokuphucula kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle komtya we-photovoltaic, kunye nokuphucula iinkqubo ze-photovoltaic zokuphendula umlilo ezifana nemisebenzi yokuvala.

Ukuphuhlisa kunye nokuyila "ibhokisi ye-PV ehlakaniphile" ayingomsebenzi onzima kunye nonzulu.Nangona kunjalo, ibhokisi ye-junction ehlakaniphile inokuhlangabezana njani namanqaku entlungu kunye nobunzima beemarike ze-photovoltaic?Kuyimfuneko ukufumana ibhalansi engcono kakhulu ngokubhekiselele kumsebenzi wombane webhokisi le-junction, ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo zombane, iindleko kunye nengeniso yotyalo-mali yebhokisi ye-junction ehlakaniphile.Kukholelwa ukuba kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, ibhokisi ye-PV ehlakaniphile iya kuba nezicelo ezininzi kwi-photovoltaic system kwaye idale ixabiso elingakumbi kubatyalo-mali.