2023-12-20
Bokosi lolumikizana ndi solar panel ndi cholumikizira pakati pa solar panel ndi chipangizo chowongolera, ndipo ndi gawo lofunikira la solar panel.Ndi njira yophatikizira yophatikizika yomwe imaphatikiza mapangidwe amagetsi, kapangidwe ka makina ndi sayansi yazinthu kuti apatse ogwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira yolumikizira ma solar.
Ntchito yayikulu ya bokosi lolumikizana ndi dzuwa ndikutulutsa mphamvu yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi gulu la solar kudzera pa chingwe.Chifukwa chapadera komanso mtengo wokwera wa ma cell a solar, mabokosi olumikizirana ndi dzuwa amayenera kupangidwa mwapadera kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zama solar.Titha kusankha kuchokera kuzinthu zisanu zantchito, mawonekedwe, mtundu, kapangidwe kake ndi magwiridwe antchito abokosi lolumikizirana.
Ntchito yayikulu ya bokosi lolumikizana ndi dzuwa ndikulumikiza gulu la solar ndi katundu, ndikujambula zomwe zimapangidwa ndi gulu la photovoltaic kuti apange magetsi.Ntchito ina ndikuteteza mawaya otuluka ku zotsatira zamoto.
Bokosi lolumikizana ndi dzuwa limakhala ngati mlatho pakati pa solar panel ndi inverter.Mkati mwa bokosi lolumikizirana, magetsi opangidwa ndi solar amakokedwa kudzera m'ma terminal ndi zolumikizira komanso mu zida zamagetsi.
Pofuna kuchepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu ya bokosi lolumikizirana ndi solar panel momwe mungathere, kukana kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu bokosi la solar panel junction ziyenera kukhala zazing'ono, komanso kukana kukhudzana ndi waya wotsogolera basi kuyeneranso kukhala kochepa. .
Ntchito yoteteza bokosi lolumikizana ndi solar imaphatikizapo magawo atatu:
1. Kupyolera mu bypass diode imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza kutentha kwa malo ndi kuteteza batire ndi solar panel;
2. Zida zapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusindikiza mapangidwe, omwe ali opanda madzi ndi moto;
3. Kukonzekera kwapadera kwa kutentha kwapadera kumachepetsa bokosi lolumikizirana ndipo Kutentha kwa ntchito ya bypass diode kumachepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu ya solar panel chifukwa cha kutuluka kwaposachedwa.
(1) Kulimbana ndi Nyengo
Pamene photovoltaic junction box material ikugwiritsidwa ntchito panja, idzapirira mayesero a nyengo, monga kuwonongeka kwa kuwala, kutentha, mphepo ndi mvula.Magawo owonekera a PV junction box ndi bokosi la bokosi, chivundikiro cha bokosi ndi cholumikizira cha MC4, zomwe zonse zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zolimbana ndi nyengo.Pakalipano, zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi PPO, yomwe ndi imodzi mwa mapulasitiki asanu a uinjiniya padziko lonse lapansi.Lili ndi ubwino wokhazikika kwambiri, kukana kutentha kwakukulu, kukana moto, mphamvu zambiri, ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri zamagetsi.
(2) Kutentha Kwambiri ndi Kusamvana kwa Chinyezi
Malo ogwirira ntchito a solar panels ndi ovuta kwambiri.Zina zimagwirira ntchito m’madera otentha, ndipo pafupifupi tsiku lililonse kutentha kumakhala kokwera kwambiri;ena amagwira ntchito m'malo okwera komanso okwera kwambiri, ndipo kutentha kwa ntchito kumakhala kotsika kwambiri;m'malo ena, kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku kumakhala kwakukulu, monga madera achipululu.Chifukwa chake, mabokosi ophatikizika a photovoltaic amafunikira kuti akhale ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso kukana kutentha.
(3) Kulimbana ndi UV
Kuwala kwa Ultraviolet kumakhala ndi kuwonongeka kwina kwa zinthu zapulasitiki, makamaka m'malo amapiri okhala ndi mpweya wochepa komanso kuwala kwa ultraviolet.
(4) Kuchedwa kwamoto
Zimatanthawuza katundu yemwe ali ndi chinthu kapena mankhwala omwe amachedwetsa kufalikira kwa moto.
(5) Kusalowa madzi ndi fumbi
Bokosi lophatikizana la photovoltaic ndi lopanda madzi komanso lopanda fumbi IP65, IP67, ndipo bokosi la Slocable photovoltaic junction limatha kufika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri wa IP68.
(6) Ntchito Yowononga Kutentha
Ma diode ndi kutentha kozungulira kumawonjezera kutentha mu bokosi la PV junction.Diode ikachita, imatulutsa kutentha.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kutentha kumapangidwanso chifukwa cha kusagwirizana pakati pa diode ndi terminal.Kuonjezera apo, kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kozungulira kudzawonjezeranso kutentha mkati mwa bokosi lolowera.
Zida zomwe zili mkati mwa bokosi la PV lomwe limatha kutentha kwambiri ndi mphete zosindikizira ndi ma diode.Kutentha kwakukulu kumafulumizitsa kukalamba kwa mphete yosindikizira ndikukhudza kusindikiza kwa bokosi lolumikizirana;mu diode pali mphamvu yosinthira, ndipo kubwereza kwapano kumawirikiza kawiri pakuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa kutentha kwa 10 °C.Reverse current imachepetsa zomwe zimakokedwa ndi bolodi la dera, zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu ya bolodi.Chifukwa chake, mabokosi ophatikizika a photovoltaic ayenera kukhala ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri zochotsera kutentha.
Mapangidwe amtundu wamba ndikuyika chotengera cha kutentha.Komabe, kukhazikitsa masinki otentha sikuthetsa vuto la kutaya kutentha.Ngati kutentha kwa kutentha kumayikidwa mu bokosi la photovoltaic junction, kutentha kwa diode kudzachepa kwakanthawi, koma kutentha kwa bokosi lolowera kumawonjezeka, zomwe zidzakhudza moyo wautumiki wa chisindikizo cha rabara;Ngati atayikidwa kunja kwa bokosi lolumikizirana, mbali imodzi, zidzakhudza kusindikizidwa konse kwa bokosi lolumikizirana, kumbali ina, ndizosavuta kuti heatsink iwonongeke.
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya mabokosi ophatikizika: wamba ndi potted.
Mabokosi ophatikizika wamba amasindikizidwa ndi zisindikizo za silicone, pomwe mabokosi ophatikizika odzaza mphira amadzazidwa ndi zida ziwiri za silicone.Bokosi lolumikizira wamba lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kale ndipo ndilosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, koma mphete yosindikizira ndiyosavuta kukalamba ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.Bokosi lophatikizana la mtundu wa potting ndilovuta kuti ligwire ntchito (liyenera kudzazidwa ndi zigawo ziwiri za silika gel ndi kuchiritsidwa), koma kusindikiza kwake ndikwabwino, ndipo kumagwirizana ndi ukalamba, zomwe zingathe kutsimikizira kusindikiza kwa nthawi yaitali mphambano bokosi, ndipo mtengo ndi wotsika mtengo pang'ono.
Bokosi lolumikizana ndi dzuwa limapangidwa ndi bokosi la bokosi, chivundikiro cha bokosi, zolumikizira, ma terminals, ma diode, ndi zina zambiri. Ena opanga mabokosi ophatikizika apanga masitayilo otentha kuti apititse patsogolo kugawa kwa kutentha mubokosilo, koma mawonekedwe onse sanasinthe.
(1) Bokosi la Bokosi
Bokosi la bokosi ndilo gawo lalikulu la bokosi lolumikizirana, lokhala ndi ma terminals omangidwira ndi ma diode, zolumikizira zakunja, ndi zokutira zamabokosi.Ndilo gawo la chimango cha bokosi lolumikizana ndi dzuwa ndipo limanyamula zofunikira zambiri zanyengo.Bokosi la bokosi nthawi zambiri limapangidwa ndi PPO, lomwe lili ndi ubwino wokhazikika kwambiri, kukana kutentha kwakukulu, kukana moto, ndi mphamvu zambiri.
(2) Chikuto cha Bokosi
Chophimba cha bokosi chikhoza kusindikiza thupi la bokosi, kuteteza madzi, fumbi ndi kuipitsa.Kulimba kumawonekera makamaka mu mphete yosindikizira ya rabara, yomwe imalepheretsa mpweya ndi chinyezi kulowa m'bokosi lolumikizirana.Opanga ena amayika kabowo kakang'ono pakati pa chivindikiro, ndikuyika nembanemba ya dialysis mumlengalenga.Nembanembayo ndi yopumira komanso yosasunthika, ndipo palibe madzi okwanira mamita atatu pansi pa madzi, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yabwino pakuchotsa kutentha ndi kusindikiza.
Thupi la bokosi ndi chivundikiro cha bokosi nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi jekeseni wopangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zosagwirizana ndi nyengo, zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino, kukana kutentha, komanso kukana kukalamba.
(3) Cholumikizira
Zolumikizira zimagwirizanitsa ma terminals ndi zida zamagetsi zakunja monga ma inverters, owongolera, etc. Cholumikizira chimapangidwa ndi PC, koma PC imawonongeka mosavuta ndi zinthu zambiri.Kukalamba kwa mabokosi olumikizirana ndi dzuwa kumawonekera makamaka: zolumikizira zimawonongeka mosavuta, ndipo mtedza wapulasitiki umasweka mosavuta ndi kutentha kochepa.Chifukwa chake, moyo wa bokosi lolumikizirana ndi moyo wa cholumikizira.
(4) Ma terminal
Opanga osiyanasiyana ma terminal midadada atalikirana nawonso ndi osiyana.Pali mitundu iwiri yolumikizirana pakati pa terminal ndi waya wotuluka: imodzi ndikukhudzana, monga kulimbitsa, ndipo inayo ndi mtundu wowotcherera.
(5) Diodi
Ma diode m'mabokosi ophatikizika a PV amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma diode olambalala kuti apewe kutentha komanso kuteteza ma solar.
Pamene solar panel ikugwira ntchito bwino, bypass diode imakhala kunja, ndipo pali magetsi obwerera kumbuyo, ndiko kuti, mdima wamakono, womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala wosakwana 0.2 microampere.Mdima wakuda umachepetsa mphamvu yomwe imapangidwa ndi solar panel, ngakhale ndi yochepa kwambiri.
Moyenera, selo lililonse la dzuwa liyenera kukhala ndi diode yodutsa yolumikizidwa.Komabe, ndizosakwera mtengo kwambiri chifukwa cha zinthu monga mtengo ndi mtengo wa bypass diode, kutayika kwakuda komweku komanso kutsika kwamagetsi pansi pazikhalidwe zogwirira ntchito.Kuonjezera apo, malo a solar panel ndi ochepa kwambiri, ndipo kutentha kokwanira kwa kutentha kuyenera kuperekedwa pambuyo poti diode ilumikizidwa.
Chifukwa chake, ndizomveka kugwiritsa ntchito bypass diode kuteteza ma cell angapo olumikizana adzuwa.Izi zitha kuchepetsa mtengo wopangira ma solar, koma zitha kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito awo.Ngati kutuluka kwa selo limodzi ladzuwa mu mndandanda wa maselo a dzuwa kumachepetsedwa, mndandanda wa maselo a dzuwa, kuphatikizapo omwe akugwira ntchito bwino, amasiyanitsidwa ndi dongosolo lonse la dzuwa ndi bypass diode.Mwa njira iyi, chifukwa cha kulephera kwa gulu limodzi la dzuwa, mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu ya gulu lonse la dzuwa idzagwa kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza pa nkhani zomwe zili pamwambazi, kulumikizana pakati pa diode yodutsa ndi ma bypass diode oyandikana nawo kuyeneranso kuganiziridwa mosamala.Kulumikizana uku kumakhala ndi zovuta zina zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha katundu wamakina komanso kusintha kwanyengo kwa kutentha.Choncho, pogwiritsira ntchito nthawi yayitali ya solar panel, kugwirizana komwe tatchula pamwambapa kungalephereke chifukwa cha kutopa, motero kumapangitsa kuti dzuwa likhale lachilendo.
Hot Spot Effect
Mu kasinthidwe ka solar panel, ma cell a dzuwa amalumikizidwa mndandanda kuti akwaniritse ma voltages apamwamba.Kamodzi mwa maselo a dzuwa atatsekedwa, selo lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi dzuwa silidzagwiranso ntchito ngati gwero la mphamvu, koma likhale logwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.Maselo ena osasunthika a dzuwa akupitirizabe kunyamula zamakono kupyolera mwa iwo, kuchititsa kutaya mphamvu zambiri, kupanga "malo otentha" komanso kuwononga maselo a dzuwa.
Kuti mupewe vutoli, ma diode olambalala amalumikizidwa molumikizana ndi selo limodzi kapena angapo a solar motsatizana.Bypass panopa imadutsa pa selo lotetezedwa ndi dzuwa ndikudutsa mu diode.
Pamene selo la dzuwa likugwira ntchito bwino, diode yodutsa imazimitsidwa mosiyana, zomwe sizimakhudza dera;ngati pali selo lachilendo la dzuwa lomwe limagwirizanitsidwa mofanana ndi diode yodutsa, zomwe zikuchitika pamzere wonsewo zidzatsimikiziridwa ndi selo lochepa lamakono la dzuwa, ndipo zamakono zidzatsimikiziridwa ndi malo otetezera a selo la dzuwa.Sankhani.Ngati voteji ya reverse bias ndiyokwera kuposa voteji yocheperako ya cell solar, bypass diode izichita ndipo cell yosadziwika bwino idzafupikitsidwa.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti malo otentha ndi kutentha kwa solar panel kapena kutentha komweko, ndipo solar solar pamalo otentha amawonongeka, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi a solar ndipo zimadzetsa kuwonongeka kwa solar panel, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri moyo wautumiki. ya solar panel ndi kubweretsa ngozi zobisika kwa magetsi siteshoni chitetezo mphamvu, ndi kudzikundikira kutentha kumabweretsa kuwonongeka gulu dzuwa.
Diode Selection Mfundo
Kusankhidwa kwa bypass diode makamaka kumatsatira mfundo izi: ① Mphamvu yoyimilira imakhala yowirikiza kawiri kuposa voteji yosinthira;② Kuthekera komwe kulipo kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa momwe amagwirira ntchito;③ Kutentha kwa mphambano kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa kutentha kwenikweni kwa mphambano;④ Kukana kutentha kochepa;⑤ kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono.
(1) Mphamvu zamagetsi
Magwiridwe amagetsi a PV module junction box makamaka amaphatikiza magawo monga magetsi ogwirira ntchito, pakali pano, komanso kukana.Kuti muyese ngati bokosi lolumikizira lili loyenerera, magwiridwe antchito amagetsi ndi ulalo wofunikira.
① Voltage yogwira ntchito
Mphamvu yamagetsi yobwereranso pa diode ikafika pamtengo wina, diodeyo imasweka ndikutaya mphamvu ya unidirectional.Pofuna kuwonetsetsa chitetezo chogwiritsidwa ntchito, mphamvu yowonjezereka yogwiritsira ntchito imatchulidwa, ndiye kuti, mphamvu yaikulu ya chipangizo chofananira pamene bokosi lolowera likugwira ntchito pansi pazikhalidwe zogwirira ntchito.Mphamvu yaposachedwa ya bokosi la PV junction ndi 1000V (DC).
②Kutentha kwapakati
Zomwe zimatchedwanso kuti zikugwira ntchito panopa, zimatanthawuza kuchuluka kwamtengo wapatali komwe kumaloledwa kudutsa diode pamene ikugwira ntchito mosalekeza kwa nthawi yaitali.Pamene panopa ikuyenda mu diode, imfa imatenthedwa ndipo kutentha kumakwera.Kutentha kukadutsa malire ovomerezeka (pafupifupi 140 ° C kwa machubu a silikoni ndi 90 ° C kwa machubu a germanium), kufa kumatentha kwambiri ndikuwonongeka.Chifukwa chake, diode yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito sayenera kupitilira mtengo womwe ukugwiritsidwa ntchito wamtsogolo wa diode.
Pamene mphamvu ya malo otentha ikuchitika, zamakono zimayenda kudzera mu diode.Nthawi zambiri, kukula kwa kutentha kwa mphambano, kumakhala bwinoko, komanso kukulirakulira kwa bokosi lolumikizirana.
③Kukana kulumikizana
Palibe zofunikira zomveka bwino pakukana kulumikizana, zimangowonetsa mtundu wa kulumikizana pakati pa terminal ndi busbar.Pali njira ziwiri zolumikizira ma terminals, imodzi ndi kulumikizana kwa clamping ndipo inayo ndi kuwotcherera.Njira zonsezi zili ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa:
Choyamba, clamping ndi yofulumira komanso yokonza bwino, koma malo omwe ali ndi malo osungiramo malo ndi ochepa, ndipo kugwirizanako sikodalirika mokwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kukhudzana kwambiri komanso kutentha kosavuta.
Kachiwiri, malo opangira njira yowotcherera ayenera kukhala ochepa, kukana kukhudzana kuyenera kukhala kochepa, ndipo kulumikizana kuyenera kukhala kolimba.Komabe, chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu kwa soldering, diode ndiyosavuta kuwotcha panthawi yogwira ntchito.
(2) Kukula kwa Mzere Wowotcherera
Zomwe zimatchedwa electrode m'lifupi zimatanthawuza m'lifupi mwa mzere wotuluka wa gulu la dzuwa, ndiko kuti, busbar, komanso kumaphatikizapo kusiyana pakati pa ma electrode.Poganizira kukana ndi katayanidwe ka basi, pali mfundo zitatu: 2.5mm, 4mm, ndi 6mm.
(3) Kutentha kwa Ntchito
Bokosi lolumikizira limagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi gulu la solar ndipo limakhala ndi kusinthasintha kwamphamvu kwa chilengedwe.Pankhani ya kutentha, muyezo wapano ndi - 40 ℃ ~ 85 ℃.
(4) Kutentha kwa Junction
Kutentha kwapakati pa diode kumakhudzanso kutayikira komwe kumatuluka.Nthawi zambiri, kutayikira komweku kumawirikiza kawiri pakuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa madigiri 10 aliwonse.Choncho, kutentha kwapakati pa diode kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa kutentha kwenikweni kwa mphambano.
Njira yoyesera ya kutentha kwa diode ndi motere:
Mukatenthetsa solar panel mpaka 75(℃) kwa ola limodzi, kutentha kwa bypass diode kuyenera kukhala kotsika kuposa kutentha kwake kokwanira.Kenako onjezani zosinthazo mpaka 1.25 nthawi ISC kwa ola limodzi, diode yodutsa sayenera kulephera.
(1) Mayeso
Mabokosi a Solar Junction ayenera kuyesedwa musanagwiritse ntchito.Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zikuphatikiza mawonekedwe, kusindikiza, kukana moto, kuyenerera kwa diode, ndi zina.
(2) Mmene Mungagwiritsire Ntchito Bokosi la Solar Junction
① Chonde onetsetsani kuti bokosi lolumikizana ndi solar layesedwa ndikuyenerera musanagwiritse ntchito.
② Musanayike dongosolo lopangira, chonde tsimikizirani mtunda pakati pa ma terminals ndi dongosolo la masanjidwe.
③Mukayika bokosi lolumikizirana, ikani zomatira mofanana komanso mokwanira kuti mutsimikizire kuti bokosilo ndi ndege yakumbuyo ya solar yasindikizidwa kwathunthu.
④ Onetsetsani kuti mukusiyanitsa mitengo yabwino ndi yoyipa mukayika bokosi lolumikizirana.
⑤ Mukalumikiza bar ya basi kupita kumalo olumikizirana nawo, onetsetsani kuti muyang'ane ngati kukangana pakati pa basi ndi kokwerera ndikokwanira.
⑥ Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zowotcherera, nthawi yowotcherera isakhale yayitali kwambiri, kuti isawononge diode.
⑦Mukayika chivundikiro cha bokosi, onetsetsani kuti mwachilimbitsa.
Dongguan Slocable Photovoltaic Technology Co., LTD.
Onjezani: Guangda Manufacturing Hongmei Science and Technology Park, No. 9-2, Hongmei Section, Wangsha Road, Hongmei Town, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
TEL: 0769-22010201
