Ka'idar na'urar kariya ta karuwa

Gabatarwa

Na'urar kariya ta haɓaka (SPD), kuma aka sani da"Mai kama walƙiya”or "Na'urar kariya ta wuce gona da iri”, Na'ura ce da ba makawa a cikin kariyar walƙiya na kayan lantarki.Ayyukansa shine iyakance madaidaicin ƙarfin lantarki a cikin layin wutar lantarki da layin watsa sigina zuwa kewayon da kayan aiki ko tsarin zasu iya ɗauka, ko watsar da ƙaƙƙarfan walƙiya a cikin ƙasa, don kare kayan aiki ko tsarin kariya daga lalacewa ta hanyar girgiza. .

Iyakar aikace-aikacen SPD shine galibin kariyar wutar lantarki na ƙarancin wutar lantarki da tsarin rarrabawa da kuma kariyar layin watsa sigina na tsarin bayanan lantarki.Na farko shi ne don kashe walƙiya electromagnetic bugun jini tsoma baki (EMP-RRB- zuwa daga ikon samar da wutar lantarki da'irar, da kuma na karshen shi ne don murkushe EMP emp tsoma baki zuwa daga siginar da'irar. Dukansu kariya abu ne lantarki bayanai tsarin kayan aiki, na'urorin.

Abun ciki

Nau'i da tsarin aNa'urar kariya ta haɓakaya bambanta don dalilai daban-daban, amma ya kamata ya ƙunshi aƙalla nau'i mai iyakance nau'in wutan lantarki marar layi ɗaya.Babban abubuwan da ke cikin na'urorin kariya na Surge sune karfe oxide varistor (MOV) , ​​silicon avalanche diode ko diodes TRANSORB, bututu mai cike da iskar gas, da sauransu.

1) MOV ne mai tasiri suppressor suppressor, yafi amfani da su hana catastrophic lalacewar kayan aiki, amma yana bukatar mayar da martani lokaci, wanda ke nufin cewa wani ɗan gajeren lokaci na ganiya halin yanzu na iya shigar da kayan aiki kafin kofa kewaye da aka kunna.Don haka, Na'urar Kariyar Surge da MOV ta ƙera bai dace ba don kare kayan aiki masu mahimmanci tare da microprocessor.A halin yanzu ana amfani da wannan ƙira a cikin kashi 90% na masu kariyar karuwa na yanzu akan kasuwa.

2) diode dusar ƙanƙara ko TRANSORB diodes suna amsawa da sauri fiye da MOV kuma suna kula da masu wucewa, amma matsakaicin ƙarfin wannan kashi kuma ya fi na MOV matsakaicin girma.

3) bututu mai cike da iskar gas yana da dogon lokacin amsawa, amma yana iya ɗaukar adadin kuzari mai yawa, kuma gabaɗaya an tsara shi azaman"Wuri na ƙarshe”auna don murkushe igiyoyin wutar lantarki na AC, tare da hana shigar da wutar lantarki da ba a tace ta matakin baya ba.

Yadda yake aiki

Tunda shi'saNa'urar kariya ta haɓaka, bari's fara da karuwa.Surge wanda kuma aka sani da hawan jini, kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa ya wuce matsakaicin ƙarfin aiki na yau da kullun na wuce gona da iri.Ainihin, tashin hankali bugun jini ne mai tashin hankali wanda ke faruwa a cikin 'yan miliyoyi na daƙiƙa kaɗan kuma ana iya haifar da shi ta manyan kayan aiki, gajerun da'ira, maɓallan wuta ko manyan injuna.Kayayyakin da ke da masu kamun ƙwanƙwasawa suna ɗaukar ƙarfin kuzari kwatsam don kare na'urorin haɗi daga lalacewa.

Dangane da ka'idar aiki, Na'urar Kariyar Surge za a iya raba zuwa nau'in canzawa, nau'in iyakance ƙarfin lantarki, nau'in shunt ko nau'in shake:

1) Nau'in canzawa: yana aiki azaman babban cikas lokacin da babu wani wuce gona da iri, amma da zaran ya amsa ga walƙiya na wucin gadi overvoltage, kwatsam impedance nasa ya canza zuwa ƙarancin ƙima, yana barin hasken walƙiya ya wuce.Na'urorin da ake amfani da su a irin waɗannan na'urori sune: Discharge Gap, bututu mai cike da iskar gas, thyristor, da sauransu.

2) Nau'in iyakance irin ƙarfin lantarki: yana aiki a matsayin babban impedance lokacin da babu wani wuce gona da iri na wucin gadi, amma tasirinsa yana raguwa tare da haɓakar inrush current da ƙarfin lantarki, kuma halayensa na yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki ba su da ƙarfi sosai.Na'urorin da ake amfani da su a irin waɗannan na'urori sun haɗa da zinc oxide, varistors, transient-voltage-suppression diode, avalanche diode, da dai sauransu.

3) nau'in tsaga ko shake

Nau'in Shunt: a cikin layi daya tare da kayan aiki masu kariya, yana ba da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarfin walƙiya da haɓaka mai ƙarfi ga mitar aiki na yau da kullun;nau'in sha'awa: a cikin jerin tare da kayan aiki masu kariya, yana ba da babban tasiri ga ƙwanƙwasa walƙiya, amma ga mitar aiki na yau da kullun yana gabatar da ƙarancin impedance.Na'urorin da ake amfani da su a cikin irin waɗannan na'urori sun haɗa da coils coils, high-pass filter, low-pass filter, da gajeren zangon zangon kwata.