Uphi "uphahla" lwentuthuko ye-photovoltaic?

Ngokungena kwe-photovoltaics e-China, sibone ukuthuthuka kwayo okunonya kusuka ezingeni lokungena kuya ekuqhumeni okusheshayo.Ngokuncishiswa okuqhubekayo koxhaso lukahulumeni, ukushiywa kokukhanya eziteshini zamandla ze-photovoltaic ezimaphakathi esifundeni esisentshonalanga kuye kwafakwa kaningi esikrinini, futhi ngisho naseminyakeni emibili edlule, izinkinga zokukhuphuka kwamanani ezinto ze-silicon kanye nokungatholakali kwe-chip okwanele kuye kwenzeka kaningi. kuvele.Abantu abaningi baye baqala ukusola ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-photovoltaics sekufinyelele ophahleni, kodwa ingabe lokhu kunjalo ngempela?

Ngokombono wenqubomgomo, yisihloko esivamile sekhabhoni ekabili.I-China iseminyakeni eyishumi ebalulekile yokushintsha kwamandla.Ukuthuthukisa ngamandla amandla ahlanzekile nokudala indawo enhle yemvelo sekube umgomo wayo yonke imizamo ehlanganyelwe yaseShayina eya phezulu phansi.Izimbali ezine ezincane ezitholakala emandleni ahlanzekile eShayina: umoya, ukukhanya, amanzi, nenuzi nazo ziyanikela emikhakheni yazo.Kulo nyaka, Ikhomishana Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko, Uphiko Lwezokuphathwa Kwezamandla Kazwelonke kanye nezinye izikhungo ezihlobene zikhiphe kaningi okuqukethwe mayelana nokuthuthukiswa okubalulekile kokwakhiwa kwemvelo.Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe uxhaso luncishisiwe, isiqondiso somoya senqubomgomo sisalungile kuma-photovoltaics.

Ngezinguquko zobuchwepheshe, izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwe-photovoltaic ziye zaqhubeka nokwehla, futhi ukwanda kokusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kuye kwaqhubeka nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic.Ucwaningo lwezikhungo lubonisa ukuthi izindleko zokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic kulindeleke ukuthi zehle ngo-15% -25% eminyakeni eyi-10 ezayo.Ukwehliswa kwezindleko ze-photovoltaic kuzophinde kusheshise ukufika kokulingana ku-inthanethi, kuqaphele ukumaketha kwemboni, futhi kunciphise ukuguquguquka kwezimali zemakethe, ezingeke zikhiqize uphahla lwemakethe olufinyelelwa ngokuthinta.

Ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinkambu zokufaka isicelo, ukushiya ukukhanya kwenza ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla kube inkomba yentuthuko ephuthumayo, futhi izinhlelo zokugcina amandla zingaxazulula inkinga yokungalingani kokunikezwa kwamandla ekuphehleni kwamandla e-photovoltaic, futhi kuxazulule ama-voltage pulses, ama-inrush currents, ukwehla kwamandla kagesi. , kanye nokuphazamiseka kokuphakelwa kukagesi ngokushesha.Izinkinga zekhwalithi yamandla ashukumisayo zivumela ukunikezwa kwamandla ukuthi kusebenze ngokujwayelekile.UMongameli we-LONGi u-Li Zhenguo uphinde wathi "i-photovoltaic + isitoreji samandla" yisisombululo samandla esiphezulu sekusasa lesintu.Ngokusho kwedatha, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi emhlabeni wonke ngo-2020 cishe ku-30 ​​trillion kWh, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele ku-50 trillion kWh eminyakeni engu-10, kuyilapho isitoreji se-photovoltaic + samandla sibalelwa ku-30% wemakethe yamandla yomhlaba wonke, cishe i-15 trillion kWh.Izinombolo akufanele zithathwe kancane.

Ngokusetshenziswa kwenani elikhulu lama-photovoltaics, elinye isu elisha selivele, okuyi-photovoltaic hydrogen production.I-Hydrogen okwamanje ingumthombo wamandla ahlanzekile kunawo wonke, futhi ukusebenza kwawo kokuvutha, ukuqhutshwa kwe-thermal, nokusebenza kokukhiqiza ukushisa kuhle.Phakathi nenqubo yokusabela, amanzi kanye nenani elincane le-ammonia kukhiqizwa, futhi i-hydrogen ibola ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ezingazuza ngempela ukuthuthukiswa okusimeme kokugaywa kabusha.Futhi ingasetshenziswa emangqamuzaneni kaphethiloli nasezinkundleni zokuhamba, futhi izokhanya nakuma-petrochemical, ekwenzeni insimbi neminye imikhakha esikhathini esizayo.

Ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zokugcina amandla kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen, izwe lisanda kushintsha ukugxila kwesakhiwo se-photovoltaic kuma-photovoltaics asabalalisiwe.Ngoba esikhathini esizayo, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ze-photovoltaic zizowela emadolobheni, njengeziteshi zokushaja izimoto zikagesi.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2030, kuzoba nezimoto zikagesi eziyizigidi ezingu-90 emhlabeni, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto ezithwala uphethiloli kuzolawulwa kancane kancane.Khona-ke inqwaba yokushaja imoto kagesi izobhekana nakanjani nenkinga yomthwalo ophezulu, futhi ukuhlanganiswa kwesitoreji se-optical kanye nesitoreji kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuxazulula le nkinga.Esinye isibonelo amasistimu wokuphakelwa kwamandla ahlakaniphile angaphandle, njengamarobhothi, amalambu asemgwaqweni, ngisho namarobhothi okuhlanza imigwaqo.Isibusiso sama-photovoltaics singanikeza ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla okuzinzile futhi sisize ngempela i-China yakhe amadolobha ahlakaniphile.Ngaphezu kwalokho, igama elithi BIPV (Building Integration of Photovoltaics) belingaziwa eminyakeni emibili edlule.Bekulokhu kugxile ekucwaningeni okuhlangene embonini ye-photovoltaic neyokwakha.Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuzoba yindawo ebalulekile yokusabalalisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-photovoltaic.

Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuvela ezingeni lenqubomgomo, izinga lezindleko, izinga lobuchwepheshe noma inkambu yesicelo, amathemba okuthuthukiswa kwe-photovoltaics asengcono kakhulu."Uphahla" lwalo okwamanje alubonakali, ikakhulukazi ama-photovoltaics asatshalaliswa.