Pono nā aupuni e nānā i nā mini-grids i mea e hiki ai ke komo i ka uila hilinaʻi no nā haneli miliona o ka poʻe ʻaʻole i loaʻa ia a me nā mini-grids e hoʻohana ana i ka lā a me nā pākaukau ua oʻo ma ke ʻano he papa ʻenehana, akā ke hoʻomau nei ke kālā kālā i kēlā mau papahana. , ua loaʻa kahi hōʻike hou.
Ma kahi o 789 miliona mau kānaka a puni ka honua ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka uila, ʻo ia ka ʻehiku o nā International Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) i hāpai ʻia ma 2015 ma ka UN Sustainable Development Summit.ʻO ka hōʻike hou, mai ka Sustainable Energy For All hui i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka UN ma 2011 ma ka hui pū ʻana me Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF), hoʻopaʻapaʻa i nā mini-grids pinepine ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kumu o ka hoʻolako ʻana, mai ka noiʻi nui o Sub-Saharan. ʻApelika, ʻAsia a me nā lāhui mokupuni liʻiliʻi, me nā haʻawina hihia o nā papahana e kū nei ma ʻeono mau ʻāina.
No ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka paʻakikī o SDG7, ma kahi o 238 miliona mau hale ma ia mau ʻāina e pono ke komo i ka uila i ka makahiki 2030. Ua ʻike nā mea kākau o ka hōʻike e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma kahi o 111 miliona mau hale i nā makahiki 10 ma kahi kumukūʻai ma kahi o US $ 128 biliona, me ke kumukūʻai i manaʻo ʻia. o ka uila mai nā mini-grids hybrid solar i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma kahi o US $0.49 a i US $0.68 no kWh i kēia lā.
Hiki i nā mini-grids ke lilo i mea ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi a wikiwiki hoʻi i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka mānoanoa i nā kuaʻāina a i ʻole nā wahi kaʻawale, a mai kahi o 60 solar a me solar hybrid (ʻo ia hoʻi ka lā me ka waiho ʻana o ka pila) i ka makahiki 2010 ma nā wahi i loiloi ʻia, aia ma mua o 2,000 e. ka hopena o Feberuari i keia makahiki.Ma kahi o 60% o kēlā mau mini-grids aia ma Asia, a ʻo ka hapa nui e hoʻohana i ka lā me nā pihi.I kēia manawa, ma kahi o ʻelua hapakolu o ia mau mea he mau pahu waikika alakaʻi a ma kahi o ke kolu o ka lithium-ion, akā e like me ka hōʻike e piʻi ana ka lawe ʻana o ka lithium-ion ma ke ʻano he hapa.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i pōmaikaʻi ka wahi mini-grid a me nā ʻāpana electrification mai nā ʻoihana like ʻole o ka pālākiō a me ke kākoʻo kulekele i lilo i kumu hoʻoikaika nui no nā mea hou a me ka grid-pili i nā mea hou, e hele pinepine mai me nā ʻaelike hoʻolimalima lōʻihi a i ʻole. ua kākoʻo ʻia e nā haʻawina o ke kumu kūʻai mua a i ʻole nā lilo hana.
ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o nā mea hoʻopukapuka e loaʻa i ka ʻike lōʻihi i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana a me ka hopena o kā lākou kālā e loaʻa ai i nā mini-grids a ʻaʻole i hiki i ka ʻāpana ke hoʻokō i kahi "kuhikuhi e hiki ai ke hoʻonui nui me ke kākoʻo ʻole ʻia", wahi a ka hoike.
ʻO kahi pale ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka mini-grids ma waena o 10kW a 100kW hiki ke hana, i kekahi manawa e ulu nui a hiki i ka megawatt-scale inā lawelawe i nā kaiāulu holoʻokoʻa.ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, hoʻomaka ka nui o nā hana hou ma kahi o 1MW a hiki ke piʻi i ka 1,000MW, e hāʻawi ana i kahi manawa e hana ai i nā kuʻikahi nui i makemake ʻia e nā mea kālā pilikino, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonui i nā kumukūʻai pili i ke kālā ma luna o ka nui o ke kapena.ʻO kahi pane i kēia hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu i nā hoʻopukapuka kōpili i nā mini-grids.
Hiki ke hoʻohana i nā kulekele ma ka pae aupuni, wahi a BNEF a me Sustainable Energy for All, me ke kākoʻo kālā pololei.Nui nā ʻano hana no kēia, akā ʻo ka loaʻa kālā ma muli o ka hopena (RBF) - kahi e uku ʻia ai ke kālā ma nā pae e pili ana i ka kūleʻa - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka uku piha i ka wā i hoʻomaka mua ʻia ai kahi papahana.
Hiki i nā mea kuleana o ka ʻoihana ke hana i nā hana, kākau nā mea kākau, me kahi pale nui i kēia manawa ka nele o ka ʻikepili, ʻoi aku ka ʻikepili e hōʻoiaʻiʻo a hoʻohālikelike i ka hopena o nā mini-grids i nā kaiāulu, ka maikaʻi o ke ola a me ka hoʻokele waiwai. nā loaʻa kālā hiki ke loaʻa.
ʻO kekahi mau papahana electrification a me nā hui e hāʻawi ana i ka uila e hoʻoikaika pū i ka hoʻoikaika waiwai o kā lākou kaiāulu e like me ka hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaka i nā ʻoihana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ko lākou mana, aʻo nā mea hoʻomohala ʻē aʻe e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i kahi mini-grid i hoʻolālā ʻia he mea kūʻai aku ʻoihana ʻoihana a me nā hale. .
I ka pōkole, ʻōlelo ka hōʻike ʻoiai aia kahi paʻakikī i mua, hiki i nā ʻōnaehana kulekele kākoʻo, nā hana ʻoihana oʻo a me ka ʻike ʻenehana a me ka ʻike ʻana i ka hopena no nā mea hoʻopukapuka a me nā mea hoʻomohala kālā hiki ke hoʻololi nui i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka uila e like me nā pahuhopu o ka honua. ma luna o ka hoʻomohala hoʻomau.ʻOiai nā pale, ke hoʻomau nei ka ulu ʻana o ka mākeke, me ka ʻoi aku o 5,000 mau papahana e holo nei i helu ʻia e nā mea kākau o ka hōʻike a ua ʻike pū ʻia ʻoiai ʻo ia ke kahua o ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi a me nā NGO, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kuleana e komo i ka wahi mini-grid me nā mea pāʻani mana hoʻoilina nui.