'Ohulumeni bangakwazi ukweseka amagridi amancane ukuze kuzuzwe iNhloso Yentuthuko Eqhubekayo ekufinyeleleni kukagesi'

Ohulumeni kufanele bagxile kumagridi amancane njengendlela yokuvumela ukufinyelela kukagesi onokwethenjelwa ezinkulungwaneni zezigidi zabantu abangakabi nawo futhi ama-mini-grid asebenzisa i-solar namabhethri asekhulile njengesigaba sobuchwepheshe, kodwa ukuxhasa ngezimali amaphrojekthi anjalo kuseyinkinga. , kutholwe umbiko omusha.

Cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-789 emhlabeni wonke abakawutholi ugesi, okungokwesikhombisa kweziNhloso Zokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme zamazwe ngamazwe (i-SDG) ezamukelwa ngowezi-2015 eNgqungqutheleni ye-UN Yentuthuko Eqhubekayo.Umbiko omusha, ophuma enhlanganweni ye-Sustainable Energy For All eyethulwa yi-UN ngo-2011 ngokubambisana ne-Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF), uthi amagridi amancane ngokuvamile ayizindlela eziphansi kakhulu zokunikeza ukufinyelela, kusukela ocwaningweni olunzulu lwe-Sub-Saharan. I-Afrika, i-Asia kanye nezizwe eziqhingini ezincane, ngezifundo eziyisibonelo zamaphrojekthi akhona emazweni ayisithupha.

Ukuhlangabezana nenselelo ye-SDG7, cishe imindeni eyizigidi ezingama-238 kulezo zifunda izodinga ukufinyelela kugesi ngo-2030. Ababhali balo mbiko bathola ukuthi cishe imindeni eyizigidi eziyi-111 ingafakelwa ugesi eminyakeni eyi-10 ngezindleko ezilinganiselwa ku-US$128 billion, nezindleko ezilinganisiwe. kagesi osuka ku-solar hybrid mini-grids isethwe cishe ku-$0.49 kuya ku-US$0.68 i-kWh ngayinye namuhla.

Amagridi amancane angaba enye indlela eshibhe kakhulu futhi eshesha kakhulu yokwakha igridi ezindaweni zasemakhaya noma eziqhelile, futhi kusukela cishe ku-60 i-solar ne-solar hybrid (imvamisa yelanga enokugcinwa kwamabhethri) ngo-2010 ezifundeni ezihloliwe, abengaphezu kuka-2,000 ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari kulo nyaka.Cishe u-60% walawo magridi amancane ase-Asia, futhi iningi lisebenzisa ilanga namabhethri.Okwamanje, cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zalezo zingamabhethri e-lead acid kanye ne-lithium-ion yesithathu, kodwa ngokusho kombiko ukutholwa kwe-lithium-ion kuyanda njengengxenye.

Qhathanisa nezinto ezinkulu ezivuselelekayo

Kodwa-ke, igridi encane kanye nendawo yokufaka ugesi ezindaweni zasemaphandleni ayikazuzanga emnothweni ofanayo wesilinganiso kanye nokwesekwa kwenqubomgomo okube yisici esikhulu esivumela ukuvuselelwa kabusha okuxhumeke kwigridi, okuvame ukuza nezinkontileka zesikhathi eside noma ziye zasekelwa ngoxhaso lwezindleko zokuqala noma izindleko zokusebenza.

Kunzima kakhulu kubatshalizimali ukuthi bathole ukubonakala kwesikhathi eside ngembuyiselo kanye nomthelela uxhaso lwabo lwezimali oluzoba nalo kumagridi amancane futhi lo mkhakha usazofinyelela “iphuzu lapho ungakhula khona kakhulu ngaphandle kokusekelwa ngomxhaso”, kusho umbiko.

Esinye isithiyo ukuthi amagridi amancane ajwayele ukuba phakathi kuka-10kW kuya ku-100kW amandla okukhiqiza, kwesinye isikhathi abe makhulu futhi afinyelele esikalini se-megawatt uma esebenzela imiphakathi yonke.Ngokuphambene, amaphrojekthi amaningi avuselelekayo avame ukuqala cishe ku-1MW futhi angakhuphukela ku-1,000MW, anikeze ithuba lokwenza amadili amakhulu abaxhasi bezimali abazimele abavame ukuwavuna, njengoba bengakwazi ukukhokhela izindleko ezihlobene nokuthengiselana ngamavolumu amakhulu emali.Impendulo eyodwa kulokhu kungaba ukutshalwa kwezimali kwephothifoliyo ehlanganisiwe kumagridi amancane.

Kungaba khona amandla enqubomgomo ezingeni likahulumeni, i-BNEF kanye ne-Sustainable Energy for All said, okuhlanganisa nokusekelwa kwezimali okuqondile.Ziningi izindlela ezingaba khona zalokhu, kodwa ukuxhaswa ngezimali okusekelwe kwimiphumela (RBF) - lapho uxhaso lwezimali lukhokhwa ngezigaba ezincike empumelelweni - ngokuvamile luncanyelwa kunenkokhelo egcwele kusenesikhathi lapho iphrojekthi iqalwa okokuqala.

Ababambiqhaza bemboni nabo bangathatha izinyathelo, ababhali babhale, ngesithiyo esisodwa esikhulu okwamanje ukushoda kwedatha, ikakhulukazi idatha efakazela futhi iqhathanise umthelela ama-mini-grid angaba nawo emiphakathini, izinga lempilo kanye nezomnotho, ingasaphathwa eyo izimali ezingaba khona ezingenziwa.

Ezinye izinhlelo zokufaka ugesi nezinkampani ezihlinzeka ngogesi nazo zigcizelela ukuhlonyiswa kwezomnotho kwemiphakathi yamakhasimende abo njengokubenza bakwazi ukuqala amabhizinisi besebenzisa amandla abo, kanti abanye abathuthukisi bangase baqinisekise ukuthi i-mini-grid ehleliwe inekhasimende eliphuma ezimbonini kanye nemizi. .

Ngamafuphi, lo mbiko uthi nakuba kunenselelo ezayo, izinhlaka zenqubomgomo ezesekayo, izinqubo zezimboni ezivuthwayo kanye nokuqwashisa ngezobuchwepheshe kanye nokubonakala komthelela kubatshalizimali kanye nabaxhasa ngezimali zentuthuko kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekuhlinzekeni ukufinyelela kukagesi ngokuhambisana nezinjongo zomhlaba. ngentuthuko esimeme.Naphezu kwezithiyo, imakethe iyaqhubeka nokukhula, njengoba amaphrojekthi angaphezu kuka-5,000 aqhubekayo abalwa ababhali bombiko futhi kwaphawulwa nokuthi nakuba phambilini bekuyisizinda sezinkampani eziningi ezincane nama-NGO, inqwaba yababambe iqhaza bayabandakanyeka indawo yegridi encane kuhlanganise nabadlali abakhulu bemboni yamandla efa.