2021-08-06
He ʻumi makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻo ka lā kahi kumu ikehu hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia.I loko o 10 mau makahiki wale nō, ua lilo ka mana o ka lā i koho maikaʻi loa.I kēia manawa, ʻo ia's ka manawa e noonoo ai i ka pii ana o ka pv lana.E noʻonoʻo.Ma mua o ka makahiki 2013, ua lana nā pūnaewele photovoltaic't hiki mai.
Ua waiho ʻia ka patent mua no ka PV lana i ka makahiki 2008. I ka makahiki 2006, ua hoʻomaka ka mea loea kiʻi kiʻi lele ʻo Ciel et Terre, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Lille, Farani, i ka manaʻo.
I ka makahiki 2007, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi hale mana kūʻai liʻiliʻi 175KW ma kahi loko iʻa ma Far Niente, kahi mea hana waina ʻo Napa Valle, e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai ikehu a pale i ka hopu ʻāina.Hiki ke loaʻa ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe ma ke kanu ʻana i nā kumu waina ma ka ʻāina.
Ua kūkulu ʻia ka ʻōnaehana PV lana mua ma Aichi Prefecture, Iapana, i ka makahiki 2007. Mai ia manawa, ua ʻike nā ʻāina he nui i ka puka ʻana mai o nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi ma lalo o ka pae megawatt, ʻo ia hoʻi ma Farani, Italia, South Korea, Sepania a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka noiʻi a me ka hōʻike.E hoomanao i na“Maʻamau”ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻomau ʻia ke kumukūʻai o ka ikehu lā i kēia manawa a hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia me nā uku hānai hānai a me nā haʻawina pololei.
Ua koho mākou i ka PV lana no ka mea ʻaʻole i pau ka nūhou e pili ana i kēia kahua hou mai ka mahina i hala.ʻO ka mea mua, ua kauoha ʻo NTPC i kahi kikowaena mana photovoltaic lana 10MW ma ka NTPC's ʻO Simhadari ʻO ka wai wela wela.Ua maʻalahi ka mea kanu i India's nui loa ma ke kula, akā ʻaʻole no ka lōʻihi.A laila ua hoʻokumu ʻo Ciel Et Terre i ke kikowaena 5.4 MW ma Sagardighi ma West Bengal, ʻo ia ka mea mua o kāna ʻano ma kahi mea kanu wela.
ʻO kēlā'ʻaʻole pau.I ka manawa e heluhelu ai ʻoe i kēia moʻolelo, ua hoʻokumu paha ʻo NTPC i kekahi o India'ʻO nā mea kanu PV lana nui loa, ʻo ka 100 MW lana mana PV i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hana mua ma Telangana.Ua hoʻomaka mua ʻia ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka papahana ma Mei, akā ma muli o ka maʻi lei aliʻi hou, e hoʻomaka ʻia i kēia manawa ma nā pae, kēlā me kēia pae ma kahi o 15MW, a e hoʻopau ʻia ka papahana 100MW holoʻokoʻa i ka hopena o kēia makahiki.
ʻO ka papahana 4.23 biliona Indian Rupee e uhi hope i nā kino wai a i ʻole nā waiwai e lawelawe ana i ka Ramagundam Thermal Power Plant.Ke hāʻule mau nei nō hoʻi ke kumukūʻai o ka PV lana ʻana, me ke kauoha o RS3.29 kWh no kahi papahana PV lana 150MW ma Ridam Hand Reservoir ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Uttar Pradesh, lanakila ʻia e Shapoorji Palonji Rup a me Renew Power.(nānā: ua lohi ka papahana ma muli o nā pilikia pili i ka ʻāina).
ʻAʻole wale ia, akā ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi kikowaena mana 60MW i ka honua holoʻokoʻa ma Singapore.ʻO ia kekahi o nā kikowaena mana lana nui loa ma ka honua a ua kūkulu ʻia ma kahi waihona e kahi hui o Sembcorp Industries ma kahi o 45 mau ʻeka (111 ʻeka).Ma ka mokupuni kokoke ʻo Batam i Indonesia, ua hoʻolaha pū ʻo SUNSEAP i hoʻokumu ʻia ma singapore i nā hoʻolālā e hoʻolilo ʻoi aku ma mua o $ 2 biliona ma kahi mea kanu mālama 2.3 GW Solar +.
Ma kahi hōʻike o ka huakaʻi, ua wānana ka ʻoihana akamai ʻo Market Transparency Market Research (T) i ka ulu ikaika ʻana i 2027, me ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki he 43%.Manaʻo ʻo Talso e hōʻoia ka holomua o ka ʻenehana a me ka holomua ʻaʻole e lohi ka ulu ʻana o ka PV lana.ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā modula PV lana i nā ʻāina kūkulu e like me India a me Kina e hoʻonui hou i ka ulu.Ma kahi kokoke i 40 o nā ʻāina ʻoi aku ma mua o 63 i hoʻolaha i nā papahana PV lana i loaʻa kekahi i ka hana a kokoke paha.
I kēia lā, kokoke i ka 3 GW ka mana hoʻokomo maoli o ka PV lana, aʻo ka nui o ka mana o ka ikehu lā kokoke i 775 GW.Ke hoʻomau nei ka hāʻule ʻana o ke kumukūʻai o ka mana o ka lā me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻenehana, ʻaʻole koho hou ka PV lana no ka wā e hiki mai ana, a ua hiki mai ka makahiki o ka PV lana.
Ua ʻike maikaʻi ʻia nā pono kumu o ka PV lana.Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka holomua ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o ka heluna kanaka, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hoʻokūkū no ka ʻāina i loaʻa.ʻO India Hikina kahi hihia.ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka PV lana i nā loko wai nui i kūkulu ʻia no ka hydropower hiki ke lawe i ka PV lana kokoke i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoili mana e kū nei a i ʻole ke koi ʻana i nā kikowaena e like me nā mea kanu hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai, kahi pono ʻē aʻe e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka pv lana.
Ma muli o ka hopena ʻoluʻolu o ka wai a me ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka lepo, ua loaʻa i nā papahana PV lana i nā pōmaikaʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikehu.Ma kahi 25 mau makahiki o ke ola, kōkua kēia mau mea maikaʻi e pani i ke āpau me ke kumu kūʻai mua o ka ikehu lā ma ka honua, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau no 10-15 pākēneka o ke kumukūʻai.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka PV lana e hana i ka lā's pono ole ikehu.I kekahi mau wahi, no ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ikehu o ka lā, pono e loaʻa ka ʻāina he nui, he pilikia kēia.Hiki ke hoʻoikaika maikaʻi ʻia ka hana mana ma ka hoʻohui ʻana me nā kumuwaiwai e loaʻa nei, e like me nā mea kanu wela a i ʻole nā mea kanu hydroelectric.
Ma ka hihia o nā mana hydroelectric, hiki i ka waihona ke hoʻemi i ka mana hydroelectric i nā hola kiʻekiʻe o ka lā, ke komo ka mana o ka lā.ʻO ka mua o kāna ʻano i kūkulu ʻia ma Pokukala ma 2017 a ua hoʻokomo ʻia e EDP.Ma muli o ka wānana ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka huahana, ua maikaʻi nā manaʻo i kēia manawa.ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka grid a me ka hilinaʻi ma ke ʻano o ka unahi.
Manaʻo ka National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) aia ma kahi o 380,000 mau puna wai maʻemaʻe a puni ka honua me ka hiki ke hoʻohui i ka photovoltaic lana a me nā lako wai wai e kū nei.ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia kahi loiloi piha i kekahi mau waihona i kūpono ʻole ma muli o nā pilikia like ʻole, e like me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka wai a hiki i nā waihona i mālama ʻole i ka wai i ka wā maloʻo.Akā, ʻaʻohe mea kānalua ʻaʻole pilikia iki ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wahi no ke kūkulu hale.ʻO ka mana o ka mana hiki ke kokoke i 7TW, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia.
ʻO nā pilikia a pau o ka PV lana, ʻo ka mea nui loa ka mea nāna e kākoʻo iā ia, inā paha's kumukūʻai, ʻenehana a i ʻole kālā.Loaʻa i nā kahua mana o ka lā ma ka ʻāina i nā kālā he nui, nā uku hānai a me nā mea hou aku.ʻO ia nō naʻe“Hoʻomaka”ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi ma ka lana ʻana o PV koe wale nō ma ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka ʻoihana pilikino e hana.ʻO ka nūhou maikaʻi, ʻo ka ʻenehana ke hopu wikiwiki nei, a ke neʻe nei nā pilikia koʻikoʻi e like me nā kumu kūʻai ʻokoʻa i kahi ala hiki ke hoʻokele.
E like me kona ʻano, ʻoi aku ka nānā ʻana o ka PV lana i ka hoʻolālā a me ke kūkulu ʻana.E like me kā Ushadevi i ʻōlelo ai, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa nui ma nā ʻāina hoʻomohala ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke koho ma luna o nā hōʻoia ʻenehana, kālā a me ka inoa.Ma India, ʻo Price ka mea nui.Pono nā mea hoʻomohala India a me nā hui EPC e makaʻala loa i kā lākou koho ʻana i ka ʻenehana.No ka ho'ēmiʻana i ka pilikia, pono nā mea hoʻomohala e nānā i ka loaʻaʻana o nā mea waiwai kiʻekiʻe, nā UV stabilizers mua, nā mīkini kiʻekiʻe no ka hanaʻana i nā floaters kiʻekiʻe, ka nānāʻana i ka maikaʻi, nā kaʻina hana, ka ho'āʻo hoʻolālā a me ka hōʻoia, a me ka loaʻaʻana o nā hopena hilinaʻi.”
Ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kumukūʻai ʻōnaehana o ka PV lana e 10-15%, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hale lana, heleuma a me nā ʻōnaehana mooring e pono ai no ka ʻōnaehana lana.Ke hāʻule nei nā kumukūʻai hoʻomohala.Hōʻike nā ʻōnaehana lana i nā pilikia kūikawā e pili ana i ka heleuma a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, me ka hiki ke hoʻololi i nā pae wai, nā ʻano moena wai, ka hohonu a me nā kūlana ʻino loa e like me nā makani ikaika a me nā nalu e hoʻohui i nā kumukūʻai ʻenehana a me ke kūkulu hale.
ʻO ka pili ʻana i ka wai, ʻo ia hoʻi ka nānā nui ʻana i ka hoʻokele uwea a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka insulation ma mua o ka ʻāina, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pili ʻana o ke kaula me ka wai.ʻO kekahi mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka paʻakikī paʻakikī a me ka mechanical ma nā ʻāpana neʻe o ka mea kanu PV lana.Hiki i ka ʻōnaehana maikaʻi ʻole i hoʻolālā ʻia a mālama ʻia hiki ke hāʻule i ka pōʻino.Pilikia hoʻi nā mea hoʻoheheʻe i ka hāʻule ʻole a me ka ʻino ʻana mai ka makū, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā kaiapuni kahakai ʻoi aku ka ikaika.Pono e koho ʻia nā modula PV hiki ke hana ma nā wahi paʻakikī no 25 mau makahiki me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kūlana kūpono kūpono.ʻO ke kuleana o ka heleuma ʻana, ʻo ia ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ukana o ka makani a me nā nalu, e hōʻemi i ka neʻe ʻana o ka mokupuni o ka lā, a pale i ka pilikia o ka paʻi ʻana i kahakai a i ʻole e puhi ʻia i ka ʻino.Pono nā haʻawina ʻenehana nui no ka loiloi ʻana i ka mokupuni kūpono a me ka hoʻolālā heleuma, ka hiki ke ʻenehana holoʻokoʻa a me ka hiki ke kūʻai aku i ka pāhana.
Manaʻo ʻo NREL aia he 379068 mau puna wai wai wai maʻemaʻe a puni ka honua e hiki ke hoʻokipa i nā mea kanu photovoltaic e lana ana me nā mea e kū nei.Ua maloʻo paha kekahi mau pūnāwai no kekahi hapa o ka makahiki, a i ʻole kūpono ʻole no ka PV lana, no laila pono ʻia nā ʻikepili koho pūnaewele ma mua o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka papahana.ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui loa o ka PV lana ʻana, ʻaʻole ia e lawe i ka nui o ka ʻāina, ʻo ia ka mea nui i India.Ua ʻike mākou i nā papahana i hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā hakakā ʻāina ma waena o nā mea kanu lā a me nā pilikia e pili ana i nā ʻāina hānai a me ka noho ʻana o ka bustard nui ma India.I ka wā e pili ana i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻāpana photovoltaic e lana ana ma luna o nā waihona pāhana hydropower, hiki i ka hoʻonui ʻia ke kōkua maoli e pale aku i kekahi o nā pilikia o nā papahana hydropower i hoʻolālā ʻia.ʻO kekahi laʻana, ʻo ia ka papahana Tapovan ma ka moku Chamoli o NTPC ma Uttarakhand, kahi i loaʻa i ka pōʻino nui ma muli o ke kahe ʻana.ʻOi aku ka papahana ma mua o 10 mau makahiki ma hope o ka papa manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kumukūʻai ma mua o ʻelima mau manawa o ka manaʻo kumu mua, a ʻo ka hana kahawai i hoʻolālā ʻia e hiki ke hoʻoulu maʻalahi i ka uila ma o ka hui.'s nui nā papahana photovoltaic lana i loko o ka waihona kaʻa.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Ushadevi o Ciel Et Terre:'ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāina, nā hihia pili kānāwai a me nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa o ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻāina a me ka lohi mau ʻole o ka lawe ʻana, ʻo PV lana ka hopena maikaʻi loa.Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka wai, ka pilikia o ka ʻāina, a me ka ʻaoʻao maikaʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nui o ka wai, maopopo mākou ʻo India.'Ua hiki mai ka noi no ka PV lana.Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou ʻo nā ʻōnaehana lana kekahi o nā mea hoʻoikaika nui i ka ʻoihana PV a manaʻo mākou e hoʻomohala i nā ʻenehana ʻenehana 1GW Hydrelio ma India i nā makahiki 2-3 e hiki mai ana.”
No ka hōʻike ʻana i kāna manaʻo, haʻi ʻo ia i ka laʻana o West Bengal.“I ka wā ma mua, ua nānā mākou i nā papahana he nui ma West Bengal a manaʻo mākou he mana nui ka West Bengal e hoʻomohala i nā papahana photovoltaic.Nui nā ʻano kino wai ma West Bengal, ʻo ia hoʻi nā pā wai, ka wai a i ʻole nā loko mālama wai.He kūpono kēia no nā papahana lana.Pēlā nō ma Kerala, kahi i nui ai ka wai.”
I kēia manawa, ua kūkulu ʻia nā papahana a pau ma luna o ka wai hou a i ʻole ma nā loko pio, akā ʻaʻole pēlā't manao ia'hiki ole i ka moana.Ua hoʻokumu ʻo Ciel Terre Taiwan i ka 88MWP's Changbin project, ʻo ia ka papahana wai kai nui loa.Pono kēia i ka hui e hui pū me ka Principia.He poʻo ʻo Principia i waho o ka ʻoihana e hoʻomohala a hoʻokō i nā hoʻonā kumu kūʻai a me nā hoʻolālā makani a me nā nalu.
He mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ka poʻe i komo nui i ka wā lōʻihi i kāhea aku i kēia mau mea kanu ʻaʻole e kūkulu ʻia ma nā loko maoli a me nā kino wai ʻē aʻe.'Ōlelo nā huiʻaʻole e lawe i nā pilikia me ka loaʻaʻole o kaʻike lōʻihi o ka PV lana, hiki ke loaʻa ka hopena i ka papahana.I ka manawa like, pono mākou e pale i nā paio me nā lawaiʻa's ola.ʻO ka uhi ʻana i nā loko iʻa maoli me ka flotsam ʻo ia ka emi ʻana o ka lā no ka ulu ʻana o nā limu liʻiliʻi, e hōʻemi ana i ka pua ʻala.Manaʻo ʻia ka emi ʻana o ka evaporation no ka mea e uhi ʻia a uhi ʻia paha kekahi hapa nui o ke kino wai e nā mea kanu photovoltaic e lana ana.Manaʻo ʻia ka emi ʻana o ka māmā a me ka wela, a me ka waihona'Pono ke ola wai i ke koena hou.Makemake mākou e hoʻohana i ka wai i hana ʻia e ke kanaka no ka mea he liʻiliʻi kona hopena i ke ola wai.
Inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i nā makahiki o nā mea kanu mana nui i kūkulu ʻia me kēia ʻenehana, ua hele lōʻihi ka PV lana i ka manawa pōkole loa.ʻO ia ka mea pono mākou e makaʻala ma mua o ka hana ʻana i nā manaʻo nui a me nā wānana, akā ua like ia me kahi hopena e hiki ke hoʻopiha i kahi āpau koʻikoʻi i ka hana mana o ka lā.E hoʻopakele ʻo ia i ka ʻāina a e ʻae i ka waihona e hoʻonui i ka loaʻa kālā.ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka nui o nā papahana hydropower ma mua o 3.5 rupees no kWh, a i ʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 6 rupees no kWh, aia nā kumu kūpono e hoʻopaʻapaʻa ai i ka PV lana ma muli o kona kumukūʻai.
E noʻonoʻo i ke aʻo ʻana mai nā kūleʻa mua o ka PV lana, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pōʻino i ke kaiapuni ma mua o ka hydropower, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole i hana maikaʻi ʻia ma India i nā makahiki i hala.ʻO Rooftop Solar, ʻoiai he nui ke kālā, ʻaʻole hana maikaʻi.E like me ka solar mainstream, pono nā aupuni e hōʻoia i ka lana ʻana o PV'e hele i ke ala o ka lā ma luna o ka hale.I mea e hōʻoia ai i ka holomua maoli o ka papahana, pono e hoʻoponopono koke ʻia ka nele o nā loiloi hohonu o nā kino wai, ka ʻikepili bathymetric topographic a me nā pilikia ʻenehana a me ke kaiapuni.ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ka hopena o ka papahana Rihand Large Dam, kahi i pilikia ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻike o ka ʻāina a me ka ʻike ʻole.
Hāʻawi ʻo Floating PV i kahi manawa kūpono e hoʻokomo i kekahi mau papahana solar koʻikoʻi ma nā mokuʻāina ʻo India, ʻoi aku ma ka hikina o India.
ʻO Dongguan Slocable Photovoltaic Technology Co., LTD.
Pākuʻi：Guangda Manufacturing Hongmei Science and Technology Park, No. 9-2, Hongmei Section, Wangsha Road, Hongmei Town, Dongguan, Guangdong, Kina
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