Kukwera kwa siteshoni yamagetsi yoyandama pamadzi!

Zaka khumi zapitazo, solar inali gwero la mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa.M'zaka 10 zokha, mphamvu ya dzuwa yakhala njira yabwino kwambiri.Tsopano, izo'Yakwana nthawi yoganizira za kukwera kwa pv yoyandama.Taganizirani izi.Isanafike 2013, maselo oyandama a photovoltaic sanatero't ngakhale alipo.

Patent yoyamba ya PV yoyandama idaperekedwa mu 2008. Mu 2006, katswiri woyandama wa photovoltaic Ciel et Terre, wokhala ku Lille, France, adayamba kukankhira lingalirolo.

Mu 2007, malo opangira magetsi okwana 175KW adamangidwa padziwe ku Far Niente, wopanga vinyo wa Napa Valle, kuti achepetse mtengo wamagetsi ndikupewa kulanda malo.Phindu lalikulu likhoza kupangidwa mwa kubzala mpesa pamtunda.

Njira yoyamba yoyandama ya PV inamangidwa ku Aichi Prefecture, Japan, mu 2007. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, mayiko ambiri awona kukula kwa zomera zing'onozing'ono pansi pa mlingo wa megawati, makamaka ku France, Italy, South Korea, Spain ndi United States. amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochita kafukufuku ndi ziwonetsero.Kumbukirani kuti ngakhale“Wamba”mtengo wa mphamvu ya dzuwa sungapitirire panthawiyi ndipo ukhoza kutheka ndi ndalama zowolowa manja komanso ndalama zothandizira.

Pakadali pano, zikuwonekeratu kuti Asia idzalamulira PV yoyandama posachedwa komanso kupitilira apo.

Tidasankha PV yoyandama chifukwa nkhani za gawo latsopanoli sizinayime kuyambira mwezi watha.Choyamba ndi chakuti NTPC yakhazikitsa siteshoni yamagetsi yoyandama ya 10MW mu NTPC.'s Simhadari Thermal Power Plant Reservoir.Chomeracho chinakhala India mosavuta'chachikulu m'munda, koma osati kwa nthawi yayitali.Kenako a Ciel Et Terre adakhazikitsa siteshoni ya 5.4 MW ku Sagardighi ku West Bengal, yoyamba yamtunduwu pamalo opangira magetsi amafuta.

Kuti'si zonse.Podzafika nthawi yomwe mumawerenga nkhaniyi, NTPC iyenera kuti idakhazikitsa ina ku India'Zomera zazikulu kwambiri zoyandama za PV, malo opangira magetsi a PV oyandama a 100 MW omwe akukonzekera gawo loyamba ku Telangana.Ntchito yomangayi idayenera kuyamba mu Meyi, koma chifukwa cha matenda atsopano a korona, tsopano iyambika pang'onopang'ono, gawo lililonse pafupifupi 15MW, ndipo projekiti yonse ya 100MW idzamalizidwa kumapeto kwa chaka chino.

Pulojekiti ya 4.23 biliyoni ya Indian Rupee pamapeto pake idzaphimba mabwalo amadzi kapena malo osungira omwe akutumikira ku Ramagundam Thermal Power Plant.Mtengo wa PV yoyandama ukutsikanso pang'onopang'ono, ndikutsatsa kwa RS3.29 kWh kwa projekiti ya PV yoyandama ya 150MW ku Ridam Hand Reservoir m'boma la Uttar Pradesh, yopambana ndi Shapoorji Palonji Rup ndi Renew Power.(Dziwani: pulojekitiyi yachedwa chifukwa cha zovuta zokhudzana ndi mtunda).

Osati zokhazo, komanso siteshoni yamagetsi ya 60MW yakhazikitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi ku Singapore.Ndi amodzi mwa malo opangira magetsi akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo idamangidwa pamalo osungira madzi ndi kampani ya Sembcorp Industries pamalo okwana mahekitala 45 (maekala 111).Pachilumba chapafupi cha Batam ku Indonesia, SUNSEAP yochokera ku singapore yalengezanso mapulani oyika ndalama zoposa $ 2 biliyoni pamalo ena osungira 2.3 GW Solar +.

Mu lipoti la Marichi, kampani yazanzeru za Market Transparency Market Research (T) idaneneratu kukula kwakukulu mu 2027, ndikukula kwapachaka kwa 43%.Talso akuyembekeza kuti luso komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kuwonetsetsa kuti kukula kwa PV yoyandama sikuchedwa.Kuchulukitsa kwa ma module a PV oyandama m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene monga India ndi China kupititsa patsogolo kukula.Pafupifupi 40 mwa mayiko oposa 63 omwe alengeza mapulojekiti oyandama a PV ali kale ndi imodzi yomwe ikugwira ntchito kapena pafupi nayo.

Masiku ano, mphamvu yeniyeni yoyikidwa ya PV yoyandama ili pafupi ndi 3 GW, pamene mphamvu zonse zomwe zimayikidwa mphamvu za dzuwa zili pafupi ndi 775 GW.Pamene mtengo wa mphamvu ya dzuwa ukupitirira kutsika ndi kukula ndi kumvetsetsa kwakukulu kwa teknoloji, PV yoyandama sikulinso mwayi wamtsogolo, ndipo zaka za PV zoyandama zafika.

Chifukwa choyandama pv?

Ubwino woyambira wa PV woyandama umadziwika bwino.Kupita patsogolo kumawonekera m'madera omwe ali ndi anthu ochuluka kwambiri, makamaka komwe kuli mpikisano wofuna malo omwe alipo.East India ndi chitsanzo chake.Kulumikiza PV yoyandama ku madamu akulu omangidwira mphamvu yamadzi kumatha kubweretsa PV yoyandama pafupi ndi malo otumizira magetsi omwe alipo kapena malo ofunikira monga malo opangira madzi, mwayi wina womwe umathandizira kutukuka kwa pv yoyandama.

Chifukwa cha kuzizira kwa madzi komanso kuchepa kwa fumbi, mapulojekiti oyandama a PV ali ndi zabwino zowonekera pakuwonjezera mphamvu.Pazaka 25 zoyembekeza zamoyo, ubwino umenewu umathandizira kutseka kusiyana ndi mtengo woyamba wa mphamvu ya dzuwa pansi, zomwe zimakhala ndi 10-15 peresenti ya mtengo.

Mwachidule, PV yoyandama imapanga solar's zosowa mphamvu zosakwanira.M'madera ena, kuti kukhazikitsa pansi mphamvu ya dzuwa, ayenera kupeza malo ambiri, ili ndi vuto.Kupanga magetsi kutha kupangidwa bwino kwambiri pophatikiza ndi zinthu zomwe zilipo kale, monga malo opangira magetsi otentha kapena magetsi opangira magetsi.

Pamalo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi, malo osungiramo magetsi amatha kuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi amadzi nthawi yayitali kwambiri masana, mphamvu yadzuwa ikayamba kugwira ntchito.Yoyamba yamtunduwu idamangidwa ku Portugal mu 2017 ndipo idakhazikitsidwa ndi EDP.Popeza kukula kwa zotuluka kumayembekezereka, mayankho mpaka pano akhala abwino.Zikutanthauzanso kukhazikika kwa gridi komanso kudalirika potengera kukula kwake.

Bungwe la National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) likuyerekeza kuti pali malo osungira madzi opanda mchere pafupifupi 380,000 padziko lonse lapansi omwe angathe kuphatikizira malo oyandama a photovoltaic ndi omwe alipo kale.Zoonadi, kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane kungasonyeze malo ena osungiramo madzi omwe si abwino chifukwa cha mavuto osiyanasiyana, monga kuchepa kwa madzi ngakhalenso madamu omwe sasunga madzi m'nyengo yachilimwe.Koma n’zosakayikitsa kuti kupeza malo ochitirapo ntchito yomangayo si vuto ayi.Mphamvu yopangira mphamvu ndi pafupifupi 7TW, zomwe siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa.

Vuto loyandama pv

Pazovuta zonse za PV yoyandama, wamkulu ndi amene angathandizire, kaya's mtengo, ukadaulo kapena ndalama.Malo opangira magetsi oyendera dzuwa oyambira pansi amalandira ndalama zambiri zothandizira, zolipiritsa ndi zina zambiri.Koma chimodzimodzi“Yambitsani”zopindulitsa sizingapezeke poyandama PV pokhapokha podalira mabungwe azigawo kuti azigwira ntchito.Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti ukadaulo ukuyenda mwachangu, ndipo nkhani zazikulu monga kusiyanasiyana kwamitengo zikuyenda kale m'njira yoyendetsedwa bwino.

Vuto labwino

Ponena za momwe zimakhalira, PV yoyandama imafunikira chidwi kwambiri pamapangidwe ndi zomangamanga.Monga momwe Ushadevi amanenera, kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti m'mayiko ena otukuka, chisankhocho chimachokera ku zidziwitso zaumisiri, ndalama ndi mbiri.Ku India, Mtengo ndiye chinthu chachikulu.Madivelopa aku India ndi makampani a EPC ayenera kukhala osamala kwambiri pakusankha kwawo ukadaulo.Kuti achepetse chiwopsezo, omanga akuyenera kuyang'ana pakupeza zida zapamwamba kwambiri, zowongolera zoyambira za UV, makina apamwamba kwambiri opangira zoyandama zapamwamba, kuwunika kotsimikizika, njira, kuyesa mapangidwe ndi kutsimikizira, ndikupeza mayankho odalirika.”

Dongosolo la mtengo wa PV yoyandama yakula ndi 10-15%, makamaka kuchokera kuzinthu zoyandama, zomangira nangula zomwe zimafunikira pakuyandama.Ndalama zachitukuko zikutsika kale.Makina oyandama amakhala ndi zovuta zenizeni zokhudzana ndi kuyika nangula, ndikusintha kwamadzi, mitundu ya bedi lamadzi, kuya ndi nyengo yoipa monga mphepo yamkuntho ndi mafunde omwe akuwonjezera ndalama zomanga ndi zomangamanga.

Kuyandikira kwa madzi kumatanthauzanso kusamala kwambiri kasamalidwe ka zingwe ndi kuyezetsa kutsekereza kuposa pamtunda, makamaka chingwe chikakumana ndi madzi.Chinthu chinanso ndi kukakamizika kosalekeza komanso kukakamiza kwa makina pazigawo zosuntha za chomera choyandama cha PV.Dongosolo losakonzekera bwino komanso losamalidwa bwino limatha kulephera mowopsa.Zipangizo zoyandama zilinso pachiwopsezo cha kulephera komanso dzimbiri chifukwa cha chinyezi, makamaka m'malo ovuta kwambiri a m'mphepete mwa nyanja.Ma module a PV omwe amatha kugwira ntchito m'malo ovuta kwa zaka 25 ayenera kusankhidwa pogwiritsa ntchito miyezo yoyenera.Ntchito ya nangula ndikufalitsa katundu wa mphepo ndi mafunde, kuchepetsa kuyenda kwa chilumba cha dzuwa, ndikupewa chiopsezo chogunda gombe kapena kuwulutsidwa ndi mphepo yamkuntho.Maphunziro ochuluka aukadaulo amafunikira kuti awone chilumba choyenera ndi kapangidwe ka nangula, kuthekera kwathunthu kwaukadaulo komanso kutheka kwa malonda a polojekitiyi.

Kuneneratu kwa nthawi yayitali

NREL ikuyerekeza kuti pali 379068 madzi osungira madzi opanda mchere padziko lonse lapansi omwe atha kukhala ndi zomera zoyandama za photovoltaic pamodzi ndi zomwe zilipo kale.Malo ena osungira amatha kukhala ouma kwa gawo limodzi la chaka, kapena osayenerera PV yoyandama, kotero kuti zambiri zosankhidwa za malo zimafunika ntchito isanayambe.Phindu lalikulu la PV yoyandama ndikuti silitenga malo ofunikira, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri ku India.Tawona mapulojekiti omwe akhudzidwa ndi mikangano yapamtunda pakati pa zomera zopangira magetsi a dzuwa ndi nkhani zokhudzana ndi malo odyetserako ziweto komanso malo okhalamo a bustard ku India.Pankhani yomanga mayunitsi oyandama a photovoltaic pa malo osungira mphamvu zamagetsi amadzi, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kungathandize kupewa zovuta zina zamapulojekiti opangira mphamvu zamagetsi.Chitsanzo chimodzi ndi polojekiti ya Tapovan m’boma la Chamoli ku NTPC ku Uttarakhand, yomwe posachedwapa idawonongeka kwambiri chifukwa cha kusefukira kwamadzi.Ntchitoyi yatsala zaka zoposa 10 kuseri kwa nthawi yake, ndipo imawononga ndalama zochulukirapo kasanu kuposa momwe idalili poyamba, ndipo ntchito yokonzekera mtsinje ingathe kupanga magetsi mosavuta kudzera ku kampaniyo.'Ma projekiti ambiri oyandama a photovoltaic m'malo osungiramo mayendedwe.

Ushadevi wa Ciel Et Terre akuti:'chifukwa cha kusowa kwa malo, nkhani zamalamulo ndi mikangano yolanda malo komanso kuchedwa kopanda malire kwa kulanda, PV yoyandama ndiyo njira yabwino yothetsera.Poganizira kusowa kwa madzi, kutuluka kwa madzi, vuto la nthaka, ndi mbali yabwino yokhala ndi madzi ambiri, tili otsimikiza kuti India.'Kufuna kwa PV yoyandama kwafika.Tikukhulupirira kuti mayankho oyandama adzakhala amodzi mwazinthu zoyendetsera makampani a PV ndipo tikufuna kupanga mayankho aukadaulo a 1GW Hydrelio ku India mzaka zikubwerazi za 2-3.”

Kuti afotokoze mfundo yake, akupereka chitsanzo cha West Bengal.“M'mbuyomu, tayang'ana ntchito zambiri ku West Bengal ndikuganiza kuti West Bengal ili ndi mwayi waukulu wopanga mapulojekiti a photovoltaic.Pali mitundu yambiri yamadzi ku West Bengal, kuphatikiza madamu, ulimi wothirira kapena maiwe opangira madzi.Izi ndi zabwino kwa ntchito zoyandama.N’chimodzimodzinso ku Kerala, kumene kuli madzi ambiri.”

Mpaka pano, ntchito zonse zamangidwa pamadzi abwino kapena pa maiwe ogwidwa, koma sizitero'ndikutanthauza's zosatheka m'nyanja.Ciel Terre Taiwan yakhazikitsa 88MWP posachedwa's Changbin, projekiti yayikulu kwambiri yamadzi am'nyanja ngati imeneyi.Izi zimafuna kuti kampaniyo igwirizane ndi Principia.Principia ndi kampani yam'mphepete mwa nyanja yomwe imapanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zotsika mtengo komanso mapangidwe ophatikizika amphepo ndi mafunde.

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti ngakhale omwe atenga nawo mbali mwachangu akhala akuyitanitsa kuti mbewuzi zisamangidwe panyanja zachilengedwe ndi matupi ena amadzi.Makampani akuti asamachite ngozi popanda chidziwitso chanthawi yayitali cha PV yoyandama, yomwe ingakhudze ntchitoyo.Komanso, tiyenera kupewa mikangano ndi asodzi's moyo.Kuphimba maiwe achilengedwe ndi flotsam kumatanthauza kuti kulibe kuwala kwa dzuwa kuti algae akule, zomwe zimachepetsa kuphulika kwa algal.Evaporation ikuyembekezeka kuchepa chifukwa gawo lalikulu lamadzi lidzaphimbidwa kapena kutsekedwa ndi zomera zoyandama za photovoltaic.Kuwala ndi kutentha akuyembekezeka kuchepa, ndi posungira'Zamoyo zam'madzi zimafunikira kukhazikika kwatsopano.Timakonda kugwiritsa ntchito madzi opangidwa ndi anthu chifukwa sakhudza kwambiri zamoyo za m’madzi.

Mapeto

Ngati mungaganizire zaka za magetsi akuluakulu opangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu, PV yoyandama yafika patali mu nthawi yochepa kwambiri.Izi zikutanthauza kuti tiyenera kukhala osamala tisanapange malingaliro akuluakulu ndi maulosi, koma zikuwoneka ngati yankho lomwe lingathe kudzaza kusiyana kofunikira pakupanga mphamvu za dzuwa.Zikadapulumutsanso malo komanso kulola malo osungiramo madzi kuti apereke ndalama zambiri.Ngakhale mapulojekiti ambiri opangira magetsi opangira madzi amawononga ndalama zoposera 3.5 rupees pa kWh, kapenanso kupitilira 6 rupees pa kWh, pali zifukwa zomveka zotsutsana ndi PV yoyandama chifukwa cha mtengo wake.

Lingalirani kwambiri za kuphunzira kuchokera pakuchita bwino koyambilira kwa PV yoyandama, zomwe sizingawononge chilengedwe kuposa mphamvu yamadzi, yomwe, kunena zoona, yakhala ikuchita mochepera ku India m'zaka zaposachedwa.Rooftop Solar, ngakhale imathandizidwa kwambiri, sigwira ntchito bwino.Monga solar wamba, maboma akuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti PV yoyandama sichita't kupita njira ya denga la solar.Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyo ikupita patsogolo, kusowa kwa kuzama kwa madzi a madzi, topographic bathymetric data ndi mavuto ena aukadaulo ndi chilengedwe ayenera kuthetsedwa mwachangu.Chitsanzo chimodzi ndi tsogolo la projekiti ya Rihand Large Dam, yomwe idalowa m'mavuto chifukwa chodziwa pang'ono za mtunda komanso kusowa kwa chidziwitso.

Floating PV imaperekanso mwayi wokhazikitsa mapulojekiti ofunikira kwambiri a solar m'maiko onse aku India, makamaka kum'mawa kwa India.