Kusimuka kwechiteshi chemagetsi chinoyangarara pamusoro pemvura!

Makumi gumi apfuura, solar yaive muganho wesimba renewable sosi.Mumakore gumi chete, simba rezuva rave sarudzo yepamusoro.Zvino, izvi'Yave nguva yekufunga nezvekukwira kwepv inoyangarara.Funga nezvazvo.Pamberi pe2013, masero anoyangarara photovoltaic akaita'kunyange kuvapo.

Yekutanga patent yePV inoyangarara yakaiswa muna 2008. Muna 2006, inoyangarara photovoltaic nyanzvi Ciel et Terre, ari muLille, France, akatanga kusundira pfungwa iyi.

Muna 2007, chiteshi chidiki che175KW chekutengesa magetsi chakavakirwa padziva muFar Niente, mugadziri wewaini weNapa Valle, kudzikisa mutengo wesimba uye kudzivirira kutora nyika.Mhindu yepamusoro inogona kuitwa nekudyara mizambiringa pamunda.

Yekutanga yepamutemo PV system inoyangarara yakavakwa muAichi Prefecture, Japan, muna 2007. Kubva ipapo, nyika zhinji dzakaona kubuda kwezvirimwa zvidiki pazasi peyero megawatt, kunyanya muFrance, Italy, South Korea, Spain neUnited States. anoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakutsvaga nekuratidzira.Ramba uchifunga kuti kunyange“Normal”mutengo wesimba rezuva haugone kutsigirwa panguva ino uye unogona kuwanikwa chete nerupo rwekudya-mumitengo uye rubatsiro rwakananga.

Parizvino, zviri pachena kuti Asia ichatonga iyo inoyangarara PV munguva pfupi iri kutevera uye mberi.

Isu takasarudza inoyangarara PV nekuti nhau dzemunda mutsva uyu hadzina kumira kubva mwedzi wapfuura.Chekutanga ndechekuti NTPC yakatumira 10MW inoyangarara photovoltaic chiteshi chemagetsi muNTPC.'s Simhadari Thermal Power Plant Reservoir.Chirimwa chakava India nyore's yakakura mumunda, asi kwete kwenguva refu.Ipapo Ciel Et Terre akavhura chiteshi che 5.4 MW kuSagardighi kuWest Bengal, yekutanga yerudzi rwayo pachigadzirwa chemagetsi chinopisa.

Izvozvo'hazvisi zvose.Panguva yaunoverenga nyaya iyi, NTPC inogona kunge yavhura imwe yeIndia'zvidyarwa zvakakura zvinoyangarara zvePV, iyo 100 MW inoyangarara PV yemagetsi yakarongerwa chikamu chekutanga paTelangana.Kuvakwa kwechirongwa ichi kwaifanirwa kutanga muna Chivabvu, asi nekuda kwechirwere chitsva chekorona, iko zvino kuchatangwa muzvikamu, nhanho imwe neimwe ingangoita 15MW, uye chirongwa chose che100MW chichapedzwa mukupera kwegore rino.

Iyo 4.23 bhiriyoni yeIndia Rupee chirongwa chinozopedzisira chavhara mitumbi yemvura kana madhamu anoshandira Ramagundam Thermal Power Plant.Mutengo wePV inoyangarara uri kudonhawo zvishoma nezvishoma, paine RS3.29 kWh yepurojekiti yePV inoyangarara ye150MW paRidam Hand Reservoir mudunhu reUttar Pradesh, yakahwinwa naShapoorji Palonji Rup uye Renew Power.(chinyorwa: purojekiti yakanonoka nekuda kwematambudziko ane chekuita nenharaunda).

Kwete izvozvo chete, asi chiteshi chemagetsi che60MW chakaiswa kushanda pasi rese muSingapore.Ndiyo imwe yezviteshi zvemagetsi zvakakura kwazvo pasi rose uye yakavakirwa padhamu nerubatsiro rweSembcorp Industries panzvimbo ine mahekita makumi mana neshanu (111 acres).Pachitsuwa chiri pedyo cheBatam muIndonesia, singapore-based SUNSEAP yakazivisawo zvirongwa zvekuisa mari inodarika mabhiriyoni maviri emadhora mune imwe 2.3 GW Solar + yekuchengetedza chirimwa.

Mumushumo waKurume, Kambani yehungwaru yeMusika weTransparency Market Research (T) yakafanotaura kukura kwakasimba muna 2027, nekukura kwegore negore kukura kwe43%.Talso inotarisira kuti hunyanzvi uye kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kunovimbisa kuti kukura kweiyo PV inoyangarara hainonoke.Kuwedzera kutorwa kwemaPV modules anoyangarara munyika dzichiri kusimukira seIndia neChina kuchawedzera kufambisa kukura.Vanoda kusvika makumi mana enyika dzinopfuura makumi matanhatu nenhatu dzakazivisa mapurojekiti ePV anoyangarara atova neimwe iri kushanda kana padyo nayo.

Nhasi, chaiyo yakaiswa simba rePV inoyangarara iri pedyo ne3 GW, nepo huwandu hwakaiswa hwesimba rezuva huri pedyo ne775 GW.Sezvo mutengo wesimba rezuva uchiramba uchidonha nekukura uye nekunzwisisa kukuru kwehunyanzvi, PV inoyangarara haisisiri sarudzo yeramangwana, uye zera rePV inoyangarara rasvika.

Nei ichiyangarara pv?

Iwo mabhenefiti ePV anoyangarara anozivikanwa.Kufambira mberi kunogona kuonekwa munzvimbo dzine huwandu hwevanhu vakawanda, kunyanya uko kukwikwidzana kwenzvimbo iripo kwakakura.IEast India muenzaniso chaiwo.Kubatanidza PV inoyangarara kumadziva mahombe akavakirwa simba remvura kunogona kuunza PV inoyangarara padyo nenzvimbo iripo yekufambisira magetsi kana kudiwa nzvimbo dzakaita senge zvidyarwa zvekuchenesa mvura, imwe mukana unofambisa kusimudzira kweinoyangarara pv.

Nekuda kwekutonhora kwemvura uye kudzikiswa kweguruva, mapurojekiti ePV anoyangarara ane mabhenefiti ari pachena mukuwedzera kubuda kwesimba.Pamusoro pehupenyu hwemakore makumi maviri nemashanu, zvikomborero izvi zvinobatsira kuvhara gaka nemari yekutanga yesimba rezuva pasi, iyo inowanzoita 10-15 muzana yemutengo.

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, inoyangarara PV inogadzira solar's isina kukwana simba rinodiwa.Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, kuti uise pasi pasi simba rezuva, inoda kuwana yakawanda yevhu, iri idambudziko.Kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kunogona kuitwa kunoshanda zvakanyanya nekuisanganisa nezviwanikwa zviripo, senge magwenya emagetsi ekupisa kana zvirimwa zvemagetsi emvura.

Panyaya yezviteshi zvemagetsi emagetsi, dhamu rinogona kuderedza simba remagetsi emvura panguva dzepamusoro-soro dzezuva, kana simba rezuva richitanga kushanda.Yekutanga yerudzi rwayo yakavakwa muPortugal muna 2017 uye yakaiswa neEDP.Sezvo kukura kwekubuda kuri kutarisirwa, mhinduro kusvika parizvino yanga yakanaka.Zvinorevawo kugadzikana kukuru kwegridi uye kuvimbika maererano nechiyero.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) inofungidzira kuti kune madhamu emvura yakachena anoda kusvika 380,000 pasi rose ane mukana wekubatanidza anoyangarara photovoltaic uye iripo hydropower zvivakwa.Chokwadika, kuongorora kwakadzama kungaratidza mamwe madhamu asina kukodzera nokuda kwezvinetso zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakadai sokuderera kwemvura uye kunyange madhamu asingachengetedzi mvura mumwaka wokusanaya kwemvura.Asi hapana mubvunzo kuti kuwana nzvimbo yebasa rokuvaka harisi dambudziko zvachose.Iyo inogona kuita simba rekugadzira magetsi ingangoita 7TW, iyo isingafanirwe kurerutswa.

Dambudziko rekuyangarara pv

Pamatambudziko ese ekuyangarara kwePV, chikuru chingangove chekuti ndiani achachitsigira, chingave icho's mutengo, tekinoroji kana mari.Ground-based solar magetsi zviteshi zvinogashira akawanda erubatsiro, mafeed-in tariffs nezvimwe.Asi zvimwe chete“Tanga”mabhenefiti haagone kuwanikwa nekuyangarara PV kunze kwekuvimba nebazi rakazvimirira kuti rishande.Nhau dzakanaka ndedzekuti tekinoroji iri kubata nekukurumidza, uye nyaya dzakakosha senge kusiyanisa kwemitengo dzave kutofamba munzira inogoneka.

Dambudziko rehutano

Nekuda kwehunhu hwayo, PV inoyangarara inoda kutariswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira uye kuvaka.Sezvinotaura Ushadevi, mutsauko mukuru ndewekuti mune dzimwe nyika dzakabudirira, sarudzo yakavakirwa pahunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi, mari uye mukurumbira.MuIndia, Mutengo ndicho chinhu chikuru.Vagadziri veIndia nemakambani eEPC vanofanirwa kungwarira pakusarudza kwavo tekinoroji.Kuti vaderedze njodzi, vanogadzira vanofanirwa kutarisisa kutsvaga zvemhando yepamusoro zvigadzirwa, yekutanga-kirasi UV stabilizer, emhando yepamusoro michina yekugadzira emhando yepamusoro inoyangarara, kuongororwa kwemhando yekuongorora, maitiro, dhizaini yekuyedza uye kusimbiswa, uye kuwana mhinduro dzakavimbika.”

Iyo system mutengo wePV inoyangarara yakawedzera ne10-15%, kunyanya kubva kune inoyangarara zvimiro, anchoring uye mooring masisitimu anodiwa kune inoyangarara system.Mari yebudiriro yave kutodonha.Masisitimu anoyangarara anounza matambudziko ane chekuita nekumisikidza uye kumisa, paine shanduko inogona kuitika mumazinga emvura, mhando dzemibhedha yedhamu, kudzika uye mamiriro ekunze ekunze akadai semhepo ine simba nemafungu anowedzera kumari yeinjiniya nekuvaka.

Kuva pedyo nemvura kunoreva zvakare kutarisisa kutariswa kwetambo uye kuyedzwa kwekudzivirira pane pasi, kunyanya kana tambo yasangana nemvura.Chimwe chinhu chinogara chichikweshana uye chemechani kudzvanywa pazvikamu zvinofamba zvePV chirimwa chinoyangarara.Iyo isina kugadzirwa uye inochengetedzwa system inogona kukundikana zvine njodzi.Flotation midziyo zvakare iri panjodzi yekutadza uye ngura kubva mukunyorova, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine hukasha dzemahombekombe.PV modules inokwanisa kushanda munzvimbo dzakaoma kwemakore makumi maviri neshanu dzinofanira kusarudzwa uchishandisa maitiro akakodzera emhando.Basa rekumisa nderekuparadzira mutoro wemhepo nemafungu, kuderedza kufamba kwechitsuwa chezuva, uye kudzivirira njodzi yekurova mahombekombe kana kupeperetswa nedutu.Zvidzidzo zvakakura zvehunyanzvi zvinodikanwa kuti uongorore chitsuwa chakakodzera uye dhizaini yekumisa, kugona kwehunyanzvi uye kugona kwekutengesa kweprojekiti.

Kufanotaura kwenguva refu

NREL inofungidzira kuti kune 379068 mvura yakachena hydroelectric reservoirs kutenderera pasirese iyo inogona kugarisa zvinoyangarara zvinomera photovoltaic padivi nezviripo.Mamwe madhirigi anogona kunge akaoma kwechikamu chegore, kana neimwe nzira asina kukodzera kutenderera PV, saka yakawanda saiti sarudzo data inodiwa purojekiti isati yaitwa.Kubatsira kukuru kwePV inoyangarara ndeyekuti haitore nzvimbo yakakosha yevhu, iyo iri kuwedzera kukosha kuIndia.Takaona mapurojekiti akabatwa nekukakavadzana kwenyika pakati pemakwenzi emagetsi ezuva uye nyaya dzine chekuita nenzvimbo dzemafuro uye nekugara kweiyo great bustard muIndia.Kana zvasvika pakuvakwa kweanoyangarara photovoltaic mayunitsi pamagetsi eprojekiti reservoirs, kuwedzera kwesimba kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira mamwe ematambudziko emapurojekiti emagetsi emagetsi.Mumwe muenzaniso ipurojekiti yeTapovan mudunhu reChamoli yeNTPC muUttarakhand, iyo nguva pfupi yadarika yakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwemafashama.Iyo purojekiti iri kupfuura makore gumi kumashure kwehurongwa, inodhura kanopfuura kashanu fungidziro yekutanga, uye chirongwa cherwizi chakarongwa chinogona kugadzira magetsi nyore kuburikidza nekambani.'s akawanda anoyangarara photovoltaic mapurojekiti munzvimbo yekufambisa.

Ushadevi weCiel Et Terre anoti:'nekuda kwekushomeka kwevhu, nyaya dzemutemo nemakakatanwa ekutorwa kwevhu uye kunonoka kusingaperi kwekutorwa, inoyangarara PV ndiyo mhinduro yakakwana.Tichifunga nezvekushomeka kwemvura, kubuda kwemvura, dambudziko renyika, uye rutivi rwakanaka rwekuva nemvura yakawanda iripo, tine chokwadi chekuti India.'Kudiwa kwePV inoyangarara kwasvika.Isu tinotenda mhinduro dzinoyangarara dzichava imwe yeanonyanya kutyaira muPV indasitiri uye isu tine chinangwa chekuvandudza 1GW Hydrelio tekinoroji mhinduro muIndia mumakore 2-3 anotevera.”

Kuenzanisira pfungwa yake, anotaura muenzaniso weWest Bengal.“Munguva yakapfuura, takatarisa mapurojekiti akawanda muWest Bengal uye takafunga kuti West Bengal ine simba guru rekugadzira photovoltaic mapurogiramu.Kune akawanda marudzi emitumbi yemvura muWest Bengal, kusanganisira madhamu, madiridziro kana madziva ekuchenesa mvura.Aya akanakira mapurojekiti anoyangarara.Zvimwe chetezvo ndezvechokwadi muKerala, uko kune mvura yakawanda.”

Kusvika pari zvino, mapurojekiti ese akavakwa pamvura yakachena kana pamadziva akasungwa, asi izvozvo hazviiti't kureva izvozvo'hazvibviri mugungwa.Ciel Terre Taiwan ichangobva kuburitsa 88MWP's Changbin purojekiti, yakakura kudaro yemvura yegungwa chirongwa.Izvi zvinoda kuti kambani idyidzane nePrincipia.Principia ikambani yekumusoro yekumahombekombe inovandudza nekushandisa zvinodhura zvinogadzirisa uye zvakabatanidzwa mhepo uye mafungu ekugadzira.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kunyange vatori vechikamu vanoshingaira vakadana kwenguva refu kuti zvirimwa izvi zvisavakwa pamadziva echisikigo nemimwe miviri yemvura.Makambani anoti haatore njodzi pasina ruzivo rwenguva refu yePV inoyangarara, inogona kukanganisa chirongwa ichi.Panguva imwe cheteyo, tinofanira kudzivisa kunetsana nevabati vehove's raramo.Kuvhara madziva echisikigo neflotsam zvinoreva kuti kune kushoma kwezuva kunowanikwa kuti algae ikure, izvo zvinoderedza algal blooms.Evaporation inotarisirwa kuderera sezvo chikamu chikuru chemuviri wemvura chichavharwa kana kuvharwa nezvinoyangarara photovoltaic zvinomera.Chiedza uye kupisa zvinotarisirwa kuderera, uye reservoir'Hupenyu hwemumvura hunoda mwero mutsva.Tinosarudza kushandisa mvura yakagadzirwa nevanhu nekuti ine simba shoma pane zvipenyu zvemumvura.

Mhedziso

Kana iwe ukafunga nezvemakore emagetsi makuru emagetsi akavakwa achishandisa tekinoroji iyi, PV inoyangarara yasvika kure munguva pfupi pfupi.Izvi zvinoreva kuti tinofanira kungwarira tisati taita fungidziro huru uye kufanotaura, asi zvinoita senge mhinduro inogona kuzadza gaka rakakosha mukugadzira magetsi ezuva.Yaizochengetedzawo ivhu uye kunyange kubvumira dhamu kuti ripe mari yakawanda.Nepo mapurojekiti mazhinji emagetsi emagetsi achidhura anopfuura mazana matatu neshanu rupees pakWh, kana kutopfuura 6 rupees pakWh, pane zvikonzero zvakanaka zvekupikisa PV inoyangarara nekuda kwemutengo wayo.

Isa pfungwa dzako pakudzidza kubva mukubudirira kwekutanga kwePV inoyangarara, iyo inogona kunge isinganyanye kukuvadza zvakatipoteredza kupfuura hydropower, iyo, kutaura chokwadi, haina kuita zvishoma muIndia mumakore achangopfuura.Rooftop Solar, kunyangwe ichipihwa mari yakawanda, haishande nemazvo.Sezvinoita solar, hurumende dzinofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti PV inoyangarara haiite't kuenda nenzira yedenga redenga rezuva.Kuti uve nechokwadi chekufambira mberi kweprojekiti, kushaikwa kwekuongorora kwakadzama kwemitumbi yemvura, topographic bathymetric data uye mamwe matambudziko ehunyanzvi uye ezvakatipoteredza anoda kugadziriswa nekukurumidza.Mumwe muenzaniso ndewezvakazoitika chirongwa cheRihand Large Dam, icho chakapinda mudambudziko nekuda kweruzivo rushoma rwenzvimbo uye kushaikwa kweruzivo.

Inoyangarara PV inopawo mukana chaiwo wekuisa mamwe akakosha ezuva mapurojekiti munzvimbo dzese dzeIndia, kunyanya kumabvazuva kweIndia.