Chifukwa chiyani opanga magetsi a photovoltaic amatha kukhala pachiwopsezo chopanga mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa?

Ogula, mafakitale, ndi maboma onse akuchitapo kanthu kuti awonjezere kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezera.Izi zikukankhira njira yopangira magetsi ndi kugawa kuchokera ku zomangamanga zapakati-ndi-zolankhulidwa kupita kumagetsi opangira magetsi amtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamagetsi, komanso kufunikira kokhazikika kudzera pamagetsi anzeru.

Malinga ndi lipoti lamafuta la International Energy Agency (IEA) la Okutobala 2019,pofika chaka cha 2024, kutulutsa mphamvu zowonjezera kudzakwera ndi 50%.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu zowonjezera padziko lonse zidzawonjezeka ndi 1200GW, zomwe zikufanana ndi mphamvu zomwe zakhazikitsidwa panopa ku United States.Lipotilo likulosera kuti 60% ya kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu zowonjezera zidzakhala mu mawonekedwe a zipangizo za photovoltaic za dzuwa.

Lipotilo likugogomezeranso kufunikira kwa machitidwe ogawa magetsi a photovoltaic, monga ogula, nyumba zamalonda ndi mafakitale akuyamba kupanga magetsi okha.Imaneneratu kuti pofika chaka cha 2024, kugawa kwamagetsi a photovoltaic kudzakhala kuwirikiza kawiri mpaka 500 GW.Izi zikutanthauza kutikugawidwa kwa magetsi a photovoltaic kudzawerengera pafupifupi theka la kukula kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa ya photovoltaic.

Ubwino wa dzuwa

Chifukwa chiyani kupanga magetsi a solar photovoltaic akutenga malo otsogola pakukula kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa?

Chifukwa chimodzi chodziwikiratu n’chakuti dzuŵa limatiunikira tonsefe, choncho mphamvu zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Izi zimabweretsa kutulutsa mphamvu kufupi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndikupereka mphamvu kumalo opanda gridi, zomwe zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa kutayika kwa magetsi.

Chifukwa china chodziwikiratu ndi chimenechopali mphamvu zambiri za dzuwa.Pali kusiyana kwakukulu koonekeratu powerengera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe dziko lapansi limalandira kuchokera kudzuwa.Lamulo lodziwika bwino ndilakuti kuchuluka kwa madzi a m'nyanja ndi 1kW pa lalikulu mita pa tsiku ladzuwa, kapena ngati zinthu monga kuzungulira kwa usana/usiku, mbali ya zochitika, ndi nyengo zikuganiziridwa, pafupifupi ndi masikweya mita patsiku.m6kw ku.

Maselo a dzuwa amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya photoelectric kusintha kuwala kwa zochitika kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi monga mtsinje wa photon.Mafoto amatengedwa ndi zida za semiconductor monga silicon doped, ndipo mphamvu zawo zimasangalatsa ma elekitironi kuchokera ku ma orbitals awo a ma molekyulu kapena atomiki.Ma electron awa amakhala omasuka kuti awononge mphamvu yowonjezereka monga kutentha ndi kubwerera ku njira yake, kapena kufalikira ku electrode ndikukhala gawo lamakono kuti athetse kusiyana komwe kumapanga pa electrode.

Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi njira zonse zosinthira mphamvu, sizinthu zonse zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku maselo a dzuwa zimatuluka mumtundu wokonda mphamvu yamagetsi.M'malo mwake, mphamvu zamagetsi zama cell solar za monocrystalline silicon zakhala zikuyenda pakati pa 20% ndi 25% kwa zaka zambiri.Komabe, mwayi wa photovoltaics wa dzuwa ndi waukulu kwambiri moti gulu lofufuza lakhala likugwira ntchito kwa zaka makumi ambiri kuti ligwiritse ntchito zomangira zovuta kwambiri ndi zipangizo zowonjezeretsa kusintha kwa maselo, monga momwe tawonetsera pa chithunzichi ndi NREL.

Kupeza mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu zomwe zikuwonetsedwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowononga kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana komanso njira zopangira zovuta komanso zodula.

Zipangizo zambiri za solar photovoltaic zimachokera kumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya crystalline silicon kapena mafilimu oonda a silicon, cadmium telluride kapena mkuwa wa indium gallium selenide, ndi kutembenuka kwachangu kwa 20% mpaka 30%.Batire imamangidwa mu module, ndipo woyikirayo angagwiritse ntchito ma modules ngati gawo lofunikira kuti apange dongosolo la mphamvu ya dzuwa la photovoltaic.

Vuto logwiritsa ntchito mphamvu

Kutembenuka kwa Photovoltaic kumasintha ma kilowatts amphamvu ya dzuwa pa sikweya mita iliyonse yapadziko lapansi kukhala 200 mpaka 300 W ya mphamvu yamagetsi.Inde, izi zili pansi pamikhalidwe yabwino.Komabe, kusinthika kwachangu kumatha kuchepetsedwa chifukwa chazifukwa izi: mvula, chipale chofewa ndi fumbi zomwe zimayikidwa pamwamba pa batri, mphamvu ya ukalamba wa zida za semiconductor, komanso mthunzi wowonjezereka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa chilengedwe monga kukula kwa zomera. kapena kumanga nyumba zatsopano.

Choncho, chowonadi ndi chakuti ngakhale mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi yaulere, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za dzuwa kuti apange mphamvu zamagetsi zofunikira kumafuna kukhathamiritsa mosamala gawo lililonse la kusonkhanitsa, kusungirako, ndi kutembenuka komaliza kukhala mphamvu zamagetsi.Mmodzi mwa mwayi waukulu kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu mphamvu ndi kamangidwe kainverter, yomwe imasintha kutulutsa kwa DC kwa gulu la solar (kapena kusungirako batire) kukhala AC yapano kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji kapena kufalitsa kudzera pagululi.

Inverter imasintha polarity ya DC yolowetsa panopa kuti ikhale pafupi ndi kutuluka kwa AC.Kukwera kwapang'onopang'ono kusintha, kumapangitsanso kutembenuka mtima.Kusintha kosavuta kumatha kutulutsa mawonekedwe a square wave omwe amatha kuyendetsa katundu wotsutsa, koma ndi ma harmonics, amawononga zida zamagetsi zovuta kwambiri zoyendetsedwa ndi pure sine wave AC.Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe ka inverter kwakhala chinsinsi chowongolera.Mbali inayi,kuonjezera ma frequency osinthika kuti apititse patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi, magetsi ogwiritsira ntchito komanso kupanga magetsi, mbali inayi,kuchepetsa mtengo wa zida zothandizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusalaza mafunde a square.