Vim li cas photovoltaic fais fab tuag tuaj yeem tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab?

Cov neeg siv khoom, kev lag luam, thiab tsoomfwv txhua tus tau siv cov kev ntsuas los nce kev siv lub zog tauj dua tshiab.Qhov no yog thawb lub zog tsim hluav taws xob thiab kev faib hluav taws xob los ntawm lub hauv paus hub-thiab-hais lus architecture mus rau ntau daim phiaj-raws li kev tsim hluav taws xob hauv zos thiab kev noj, thiab cov khoom siv ruaj khov thiab xav tau los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm daim phiaj ntse.

Raws li International Energy Agency (IEA) Lub Kaum Hli 2019 roj daim ntawv qhia,los ntawm 2024, lub zog tauj dua tshiab yuav nce 50%.

Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub peev xwm tsim hluav taws xob thoob ntiaj teb yuav nce los ntawm 1200GW, uas yog sib npaug rau lub peev xwm tam sim no ntawm Tebchaws Meskas.Daim ntawv tshaj tawm kwv yees tias 60% ntawm qhov nce hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab yuav yog cov khoom siv hnub ci photovoltaic.

Daim ntawv tshaj tawm kuj tseem hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev faib cov tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic, raws li cov neeg siv khoom, cov tsev lag luam thiab cov chaw lag luam pib tsim hluav taws xob ntawm lawv tus kheej.Nws kwv yees tias los ntawm 2024, kev faib hluav taws xob photovoltaic yuav ntau dua ob npaug rau ntau dua 500 GW.Qhov no txhais tau tiasKev faib hluav taws xob photovoltaic yuav suav txog ze li ib nrab ntawm tag nrho kev loj hlob ntawm hnub ci photovoltaic fais fab tuag.

Hnub ci kom zoo dua

Vim li cas hnub ci hluav taws xob photovoltaic tsim muaj txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab?

Ib qho laj thawj pom tseeb yog lub hnub ci rau peb txhua tus, yog li nws lub zog tau siv dav.Qhov no ua rau lub zog tsim hluav taws xob los ze zog rau kev siv hluav taws xob thiab xa cov hluav taws xob mus rau qhov chaw off-grid, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txo qis kev faib hluav taws xob.

Lwm qhov laj thawj pom tseeb yog qhov ntawdmuaj ntau lub hnub ci zog.Muaj ntau qhov sib txawv me ntsis hauv kev xam seb lub ntiaj teb tau txais lub zog npaum li cas los ntawm lub hnub.Ib txoj cai ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo yog tias qhov nruab nrab dej hiav txwv yog 1kW ib square meter ntawm hnub ci, lossis thaum muaj xwm txheej xws li hnub / hmo ntuj voj voog, qhov xwm txheej, thiab caij nyoog raug txiav txim siab, qhov nruab nrab yog ib square meter ib hnub twg.M 6 kWh.

Lub hnub ci hlwb siv cov nyhuv photoelectric los hloov qhov teeb meem teeb meem mus rau hauv hluav taws xob lub zog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug kwj ntawm photons.Photons yog absorbed los ntawm semiconductor cov ntaub ntawv xws li doped silicon, thiab lawv lub zog excites electrons los ntawm lawv cov molecular los yog atomic orbitals.Cov electrons no yog pub dawb rau dissipate lub zog tshaj li cua sov thiab rov qab mus rau nws lub orbit, los yog kis mus rau lub electrode thiab ua ib feem ntawm tam sim no los offset lub peev xwm sib txawv nws tsim nyob rau hauv lub electrode.

Raws li nrog tag nrho cov txheej txheem hloov hluav taws xob, tsis yog txhua lub zog tawm tswv yim rau lub hnub ci hlwb yog cov khoom tso tawm hauv daim ntawv nyiam ntawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.Qhov tseeb, lub zog ua haujlwm ntawm monocrystalline silicon hnub ci hlwb tau hovering ntawm 20% thiab 25% rau ntau xyoo.Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm rau hnub ci photovoltaics yog qhov zoo heev uas pab pawg tshawb fawb tau ua haujlwm ntau xyoo los siv cov qauv thiab cov khoom siv los txhim kho kev hloov pauv ntawm tes, raws li pom hauv daim duab no los ntawm NREL.

Kev ua tiav qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub zog ntau dua yog qhov feem ntau ntawm kev siv ntau yam khoom sib txawv thiab ntau txoj kev tsim khoom kim heev.

Ntau cov khoom siv hnub ci photovoltaic yog ua los ntawm ntau hom crystalline silicon lossis nyias zaj duab xis ntawm silicon, cadmium telluride lossis tooj liab indium gallium selenide, nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm 20% mus rau 30%.Lub roj teeb yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub module, thiab lub installer siv tau cov modules raws li ib tug yooj yim chav tsev los tsim lub hnub ci photovoltaic zog tsim system.

Kev sib tw zog efficiency

Photovoltaic hloov dua siab tshiab hloov kilowatts ntawm hnub ci zog teeb meem ntawm txhua square meter ntawm lub ntiaj teb saum npoo rau 200 mus rau 300 W ntawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.Tau kawg, qhov no yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo tagnrho.Txawm li cas los xij, kev hloov pauv kev ua haujlwm yuav raug txo vim yog vim li cas hauv qab no: nag, daus thiab plua plav tso rau ntawm lub roj teeb, kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev laus ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor, thiab qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntau ntxiv vim kev hloov pauv ib puag ncig xws li kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag. los yog kev tsim kho vaj tse tshiab.

Yog li ntawd, qhov tseeb yog tias txawm tias lub hnub ci hluav taws xob tsis pub dawb, kev siv lub hnub ci zog los tsim hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas txhua theem ntawm kev sau, khaws cia, thiab kev hloov pauv zaum kawg rau hauv hluav taws xob.Ib qho ntawm cov cib fim loj tshaj plaws los txhim kho kev siv hluav taws xob yog qhov tsim ntawm lubinverter, uas hloov cov zis DC ntawm lub hnub ci array (lossis nws cov roj teeb cia) rau hauv AC tam sim no rau kev siv ncaj qha lossis kis tau los ntawm kab sib chaws.

Lub inverter hloov lub polarity ntawm DC input tam sim no kom nws ze rau AC tso zis.Qhov siab dua qhov hloov zaus, qhov siab dua qhov kev hloov dua siab tshiab.Ib qho kev hloov pauv yooj yim tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob square uas tuaj yeem tsav lub nra hnyav, tab sis nrog kev sib haum xeeb, nws yuav ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dua puas tsuaj los ntawm cov ntshiab sine yoj AC.Yog li ntawd, inverter tsim tau dhau los ua tus yuam sij rau kev sib npaug.Ntawm ib sab,nce qhov hloov zaus los txhim kho kev siv hluav taws xob, kev khiav hauj lwm voltage thiab lub zog tsim hluav taws xob, ntawm qhov tod tes,kom txo tau tus nqi ntawm cov khoom pab cuam uas siv los ua kom du lub square yoj.