Kutheni ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kunokuthatha indawo ehamba phambili ekuveliseni amandla avuselelekayo?

Abathengi, amashishini, kunye noorhulumente bonke bathatha amanyathelo okwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo.Oku kutyhala ukuveliswa kombane kunye nenkqubo yokusasaza ukusuka kwindawo esembindini ye-hub-and-spoke architecture ukuya kumbane osekelwe kwigridi yasekhaya yasekhaya kunye nokusetyenziswa, kunye nokubonelela okuzinzileyo kunye nemfuno ngokusebenzisa uqhagamshelo lwegridi ehlakaniphile.

Ngokutsho kwe-International Energy Agency's (IEA) ingxelo ye-fuel ka-Oktobha 2019,ngo-2024, ukuveliswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo kuya kunyuka nge-50%.

Oku kuthetha ukuba amandla okuvelisa amandla ahlaziyekayo kwihlabathi jikelele aya kunyuka nge-1200GW, elingana nomthamo ofakiweyo wangoku wase-United States.Ingxelo iqikelela ukuba i-60% yokunyuka kokuveliswa kwamandla avuselelweyo kuya kuba luhlobo lwezixhobo ze-photovoltaic zelanga.

Ingxelo iphinda igxininise ukubaluleka kweenkqubo zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic ezisasazwayo, njengoko abathengi, izakhiwo zorhwebo kunye nezixhobo zoshishino ziqala ukuvelisa umbane ngokwazo.Iqikelela ukuba ngo-2024, ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic asasazwayo kuya kuba ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabini ukuya kwi-500 GW.Oku kuthetha ukubaUkuveliswa kwamandla okusasazwa kwe-photovoltaic kuya kuphendula malunga nesiqingatha sokukhula okupheleleyo kwe-solar photovoltaic power generation..

Inzuzo yelanga

Kutheni le nto i-solar photovoltaic power generation ithatha isikhundla esiphambili ekukhuleni kokuveliswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo?

Esinye isizathu esicacileyo sikukuba ilanga lisikhanyisela sonke, ngoko amandla alo asetyenziswa ngokubanzi.Oku kusondeza ukuveliswa kombane kusetyenziso lwamandla kunye nokuhambisa umbane kwindawo engekho kwigridi, nto leyo iluncedo ngakumbi ekunciphiseni ilahleko yokusasazwa kombane.

Esinye isizathu esicacileyo sesokukho amandla amaninzi elanga.Kukho iiyantlukwano ezininzi ezichuliweyo ekubaleni ukuba angakanani amandla afunyanwa ngumhlaba elangeni.Umgaqo okhoyo ngowokuba umyinge womgangatho wolwandle yi-1kW kwisikwere semitha ngosuku olunelanga, okanye xa izinto ezifana nomjikelo wemini/ubusuku, i-engile yesiganeko, kunye nexesha lonyaka ziqwalaselwa, umndilili sisikwere semitha ngosuku.M6kWh.

Iiseli zelanga zisebenzisa i-photoelectric effect ukuguqula ukukhanya kwesiganeko sibe ngamandla ombane ngendlela yomlambo weefotoni.Iifoto zifunxwa zizinto ze-semiconductor ezifana ne-silicon edibeneyo, kwaye amandla azo avuselela ii-electron kwi-molecular orbitals ye-athomu.Ezi electron ke zikhululekile ukuba zichithe amandla agqithisiweyo njengobushushu kwaye zibuyele kwi-orbit yayo, okanye zisasazeke kwi-electrode kwaye zibe yinxalenye yangoku ukuphelisa umahluko onokuthi uwenze kwi-electrode.

Njengazo zonke iinkqubo zokuguqulwa kwamandla, akusiyo yonke igalelo lamandla kwiiseli zelanga eziphuma ngendlela ekhethiweyo yamandla ombane.Ngapha koko, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kweeseli zelanga ze-silicon ze-monocrystalline zihamba phakathi kwe-20% kunye ne-25% iminyaka emininzi.Nangona kunjalo, ithuba le-photovoltaics yelanga likhulu kangangokuba iqela lophando liye lasebenza amashumi eminyaka ukusebenzisa izakhiwo ezinobunzima kunye nezixhobo zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kweeseli, njengoko kuboniswe kulo mfanekiso ngu-NREL.

Ukufikelela kumandla aphezulu abonakalisiweyo kudla ngokuba yindleko yokusebenzisa izixhobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela ezintsonkothileyo nezibizayo.

Izixhobo ezininzi ze-solar photovoltaic zisekelwe kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-silicon ye-crystalline okanye iifilimu ezincinci ze-silicon, i-cadmium telluride okanye i-copper indium gallium selenide, kunye ne-conversion ye-conversion ye-20% ukuya kwi-30%.Ibhetri yakhiwe kwimodyuli, kwaye i-installer ingasebenzisa ezi modyuli njengeyunithi eyisiseko yokwakha inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla elanga photovoltaic.

Umngeni wokonga amandla

Uguqulo lwe-photovoltaic luguqula i-kilowatts zesiganeko samandla elanga kwi-square meter nganye kumphezulu womhlaba ukuya kuma-200 ukuya kuma-300 W wamandla ombane.Ewe, oku kuphantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo.Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kungancitshiswa ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo: imvula, ikhephu kunye nothuli olubekwe phezu kwebhetri, impembelelo yokuguga kwezixhobo ze-semiconductor, kunye nokwanda komthunzi ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemo engqongileyo njengokukhula kwezityalo. okanye ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezitsha.

Ngoko ke, inyaniso kukuba nangona amandla elanga ekhululekile, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga ukuvelisa amandla ombane asebenzayo kufuna ukulungiswa ngokucophelela kwinqanaba ngalinye lokuqokelela, ukugcinwa, kunye nokuguqulwa kokugqibela kumandla ombane.Elinye lamathuba amakhulu okuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kuyilo lweinverter, eguqula imveliso ye-DC yoluhlu lwelanga (okanye ukugcinwa kwayo kwebhetri) kwi-AC yangoku yokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo okanye ukuhanjiswa ngegridi.

I-inverter itshintsha i-polarity ye-DC yegalelo langoku ukuyenza isondele kwimveliso ye-AC.Ukuphakama kwe-frequency switching, iphezulu i-conversion esebenzayo.Ukutshintsha okulula kunokuvelisa i-square wave output enokuthi iqhube umthwalo ochasayo, kodwa nge-harmonics, iya konakalisa izixhobo ze-elektroniki ezinzima ezixhaswe yi-sine wave AC ecocekileyo.Ke ngoko, uyilo lwe-inverter lube sisitshixo sokulinganisela.Kwisandle esinye,ukwandisa amaxesha okutshintsha ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, umbane osebenzayo kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla, kwelinye icala,ukunciphisa iindleko zezixhobo ezincedisayo ezisetyenziselwa ukugudisa i-square wave.