Kungani ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kungase kuthathe indawo ehamba phambili ekukhiqizeni amandla avuselelekayo?

Abathengi, izimboni, nohulumeni bonke bathatha izinyathelo zokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo.Lokhu kuphusha uhlelo lokuphehlwa kukagesi nokusabalalisa ugesi ukusuka enkambweni eyodwa ye-hub-and-spoke architecture ukuya ekuphehleni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okusekelwe kugridi, kanye nokuhlinzekwa okuzinzile kanye nesidingo ngoxhumano lwegridi ehlakaniphile.

Ngokombiko we-International Energy Agency's (IEA) wango-Okthoba 2019,ngo-2024, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kuzokhuphuka ngo-50%.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi amandla okukhiqiza amandla avuselelekayo emhlabeni wonke azokhuphuka ngo-1200GW, okulingana nomthamo wamanje ofakiwe wase-United States.Umbiko ubikezela ukuthi i-60% yokwanda kokukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kuzoba ngendlela yemishini ye-solar photovoltaic.

Umbiko uphinde ugcizelele ukubaluleka kwezinhlelo zokuphehla ugesi we-photovoltaic asabalalisiwe, njengoba abathengi, izakhiwo zezentengiselwano kanye nezindawo zezimboni ziqala ukuziphehla ugesi ngokwazo.Ibikezela ukuthi ngo-2024, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla we-photovoltaic asabalalisiwe kuzoba ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kuya ngaphezu kuka-500 GW.Lokhu kusho ukuthiukusatshalaliswa kwamandla kagesi we-photovoltaic kuzothatha cishe isigamu sokukhula okuphelele kwe-solar photovoltaic power generation.

Inzuzo yelanga

Kungani i-solar photovoltaic power generation ithatha isikhundla esiphambili ekukhuleni kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi avuselelekayo?

Esinye isizathu esisobala siwukuthi ilanga lisikhanyisela sonke, ngakho amandla alo asetshenziswa kabanzi.Lokhu kusondeza ukuphehlwa kukagesi ekusetshenzisweni kukagesi futhi kuletha amandla endaweni engaphandle kwegridi, okuwusizo kakhulu ekwehliseni ukulahleka kokusatshalaliswa kukagesi.

Esinye isizathu esisobala yilesomaningi amandla elanga.Kunomehluko omningi ocashile ekubaleni ukuthi angakanani amandla atholwa umhlaba elangeni.Umthetho wesithupha ukuthi isilinganiso solwandle singu-1kW ngemitha-skwele ngayinye ngosuku olushisayo, noma lapho izici ezifana nomjikelezo wosuku/ubusuku, i-engeli yesigameko, kanye nesikhathi sonyaka kubhekwa, isilinganiso siyimitha-skwele ngayinye ngosuku.m6kw.

Amaseli elanga asebenzisa umphumela wokuthwebula ugesi ukuze aguqule ukukhanya kwesigameko kube amandla kagesi ngendlela yama-photon.Ama-photons amuncwa izinto ze-semiconductor ezifana ne-silicon ene-doped, futhi amandla awo ajabulisa ama-electron asuka kuma-molecule awo noma ama-athomu orbitals.Lawa ma-electron abe esekhululeka ukuze achithe amandla engeziwe njengokushisa futhi abuyele emzileni wawo, noma asakazekele ku-electrode futhi abe ingxenye yamanje ukuze asuse umehluko ongaba khona owudalayo ku-electrode.

Njengazo zonke izinqubo zokuguqulwa kwamandla, akuwona wonke amandla okufakwayo kumaseli elanga aphuma ngendlela ekhethwayo yamandla kagesi.Eqinisweni, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwamaseli elanga e-monocrystalline silicon bekulokhu kuhamba phakathi kuka-20% no-25% iminyaka eminingi.Kodwa-ke, ithuba le-solar photovoltaics likhulu kangangokuthi ithimba locwaningo selisebenze amashumi eminyaka ukusebenzisa izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinto zokwakha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamaseli, njengoba kuboniswe kulesi sithombe ngu-NREL.

Ukuzuza amandla aphezulu abonisiwe kuvamise ukuthi kube yizindleko zokusebenzisa izinto eziningi ezahlukene kanye namasu okukhiqiza ayinkimbinkimbi futhi abizayo.

Amadivaysi amaningi e-solar photovoltaic asekelwe ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene ze-silicon ye-crystalline noma amafilimu amancane e-silicon, i-cadmium telluride noma i-copper indium gallium selenide, ngokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-20% kuya ku-30%.Ibhethri lakhiwe kumojula, futhi isifaki singasebenzisa lawa mamojula njengeyunithi eyisisekelo yokwakha uhlelo lokuphehla amandla elanga le-photovoltaic.

Inselele yokusebenza kahle kwamandla

Ukuguqulwa kwe-Photovoltaic kuguqula ama-kilowatts wesigameko samandla elanga kuwo wonke imitha yesikwele yomhlaba abe ku-200 kuya ku-300 W wamandla kagesi.Yiqiniso, lokhu kungaphansi kwezimo ezifanele.Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kungase kuncishiswe ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo: imvula, iqhwa nothuli olufakwe phezu kwebhethri, umthelela wokuguga kwezinto ze-semiconductor, nokwanda komthunzi ngenxa yezinguquko zemvelo ezifana nokukhula kwezitshalo. noma ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezintsha.

Ngakho-ke, iqiniso liwukuthi nakuba amandla elanga ekhululekile, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga ukukhiqiza amandla kagesi awusizo kudinga ukulungiswa ngokucophelela kwesigaba ngasinye sokuqoqwa, ukugcinwa, nokuguqulwa kokugcina kumandla kagesi.Elinye lamathuba amakhulu okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ukwakhiwa kwei-inverter, okuguqula okukhiphayo kwe-DC kohlelo lwelanga (noma isitoreji salo sebhethri) kube yamanje ye-AC ukuze isetshenziswe ngokuqondile noma idluliselwe ngegridi.

I-inverter ishintsha i-polarity yokokufaka kwe-DC ukuze ikwenze isondele ekuphumeni kwe-AC.Lapho imvamisa yokushintsha iphezulu, kulapho izinga lokuguqula liphezulu.Ukushintsha okulula kungakhiqiza ukuphuma kwegagasi lesikwele okungashayela umthwalo ophikisayo, kodwa ngama-harmonics, kuzolimaza imishini ye-elekthronikhi eyinkimbinkimbi enikwa amandla yi- pure sine wave AC.Ngakho-ke, i-inverter design isiyisihluthulelo sokulinganisela.Ngakolunye uhlangothi,ukwandisa imvamisa yokushintsha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, i-voltage yokusebenza kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla, Ngokolunye uhlangothi,ukunciphisa izindleko zezingxenye ezisizayo ezisetshenziselwa ukushelela igagasi lesikwele.