Ni ukubera iki ingufu z'amashanyarazi zishobora gufata umwanya wa mbere mu kubyara ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu?

Abaguzi, inganda, na guverinoma bose bafata ingamba zo kongera ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zishobora kubaho.Ibi ni ugusunika amashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza sisitemu kuva hub-hub-ivugwamo imyubakire kugeza kuri gride ishingiye kumurongo w’amashanyarazi no gukoresha, hamwe no gutanga no gukenera bihamye binyuze mumashanyarazi akoresha.

Raporo y’ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu (IEA) Ukwakira 2019 raporo y’ibitoro,muri 2024, ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu ziziyongera 50%.

Ibi bivuze ko ingufu z'amashanyarazi zishobora kuvugururwa ku isi ziziyongera 1200GW, ibyo bikaba bihwanye n'ubushobozi bwashyizweho muri Amerika.Raporo ivuga ko 60% by’iyongera ry’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu bizaba mu buryo bw’ibikoresho bifotora izuba.

Raporo ishimangira kandi akamaro ko gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi akwirakwizwa n’amashanyarazi, kubera ko abaguzi, inyubako z’ubucuruzi n’inganda zitangira kubyara amashanyarazi bonyine.Iteganya ko mu 2024, gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi bizikuba inshuro zirenga ebyiri kugeza kuri 500 GW.Ibi bivuze kogukwirakwiza amashanyarazi yumuriro bizaba hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyubwiyongere rusange bwamashanyarazi yizuba.

Ibyiza by'izuba

Ni ukubera iki ingufu z'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zifata umwanya wa mbere mu kuzamuka kw'ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu?

Impamvu imwe igaragara nuko izuba ritumurikira twese, imbaraga zazo rero zikoreshwa cyane.Ibi bizana ingufu z'amashanyarazi hafi yo gukoresha amashanyarazi kandi bigatanga ingufu kuri off-grid point, ifite akamaro kanini mukugabanya igihombo cyo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi.

Indi mpamvu igaragara ni ukohari ingufu nyinshi zizuba.Hariho itandukaniro ryinshi muburyo bwo kubara ingufu isi yakira izuba.Itegeko ngenderwaho ni uko impuzandengo yinyanja ari 1kW kuri metero kare kumunsi wizuba, cyangwa mugihe harebwa ibintu nkumunsi / nijoro ukwezi, impande zibyabaye, nibihe, impuzandengo ni kuri metero kare kumunsi.M 6kWh.

Imirasire y'izuba ikoresha ingaruka zifotora kugirango ihindure urumuri rwibyabaye ingufu z'amashanyarazi muburyo bwa fotone.Fotone yakirwa nibikoresho bya semiconductor nka silikoni ikoporora, kandi imbaraga zabo zitera electron kuva muri molekuline cyangwa kuri atome.Izi electrone noneho zifite umudendezo wo gukwirakwiza ingufu zirenze nkubushyuhe no gusubira muri orbit, cyangwa gukwirakwira kuri electrode hanyuma bigahinduka igice cyumuyaga kugirango uhoshe itandukaniro rishobora gutera kuri electrode.

Kimwe nuburyo bwose bwo guhindura ingufu, ntabwo ingufu zose zinjiza mumirasire yizuba zisohoka muburyo bwatoranijwe bwingufu zamashanyarazi.Mubyukuri, ingufu zingirabuzimafatizo za monocrystalline silicon izuba rimaze hagati yimyaka 20% na 25% mumyaka myinshi.Nyamara, amahirwe yo gufotora izuba ni menshi kuburyo itsinda ryubushakashatsi rimaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo rikora kugirango rikoreshe imiterere n’ibikoresho bigenda byiyongera kugira ngo imikorere ihindurwe neza, nkuko bigaragara kuri iyi shusho na NREL.

Kugera ku bushobozi buhanitse bwerekanwe mubisanzwe biterwa no gukoresha ibikoresho byinshi bitandukanye hamwe nubuhanga bukomeye kandi buhenze bwo gukora.

Ibikoresho byinshi bifotora izuba bikomoka kuburyo butandukanye bwa silikoni ya kristaline cyangwa firime yoroheje ya silicon, kadmium telluride cyangwa umuringa indium gallium selenide, hamwe no guhindura 20% kugeza 30%.Batare yubatswe muri module, kandi uyishiraho arashobora gukoresha modules nkigice cyibanze kugirango yubake amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba.

Ikibazo cyo gukoresha ingufu

Ihinduka rya Photovoltaque rihindura kilowatts yingufu zizuba kuri metero kare kwubuso bwisi kuri 200 kugeza 300 W yingufu zamashanyarazi.Birumvikana ko ibi biri mubihe byiza.Nyamara, imikorere yo guhindura irashobora kugabanuka kubera impamvu zikurikira: imvura, shelegi n ivumbi byashyizwe hejuru ya bateri, ingaruka zo gusaza kwibikoresho bya semiconductor, nigicucu cyiyongereye kubera ihinduka ryibidukikije nko gukura kwibimera. cyangwa kubaka inyubako nshya.

Kubwibyo, ikigaragara ni uko nubwo ingufu zizuba ari ubuntu, gukoresha ingufu zizuba kugirango bitange ingufu zingufu zamashanyarazi bisaba ko hajyaho neza buri cyiciro cyo gukusanya, kubika, no guhinduka kwa nyuma mumashanyarazi.Bumwe mu buryo bukomeye bwo kuzamura ingufu ni igishushanyo cyainverter, ihindura DC ibisohoka byizuba ryizuba (cyangwa ububiko bwa batiri) mumashanyarazi ya AC kugirango ikoreshwe cyangwa ikwirakwizwa binyuze muri gride.

Inverter ihindura polarite ya DC yinjiza kugirango ikore hafi ya AC isohoka.Iyo hejuru yo guhinduranya inshuro, niko guhinduka neza.Ihinduranya ryoroshye rishobora kubyara kwaduka kwaduka ishobora gutwara umutwaro urwanya, ariko hamwe nubwuzuzanye, byangiza ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigoye bikoreshwa na sine wave AC.Kubwibyo, inverter igishushanyo cyabaye urufunguzo rwo kuringaniza.Ku ruhande rumwe,kongera inshuro zo guhinduranya kugirango tunoze ingufu zingufu, ingufu za voltage nogukora amashanyarazi, Ku rundi ruhande,kugabanya ikiguzi cyibikoresho byingirakamaro bikoreshwa muguhuza umurongo wa kare.