Mu ntego ya "Dual Carbone", Photovoltaic + Ububiko bw'ingufu + Inganda zishyuza Murakaza neza Amahirwe mashya

Kuva Ubushinwa bwashyiraho intego ya “karuboni ebyiri”, iterambere rya Photovoltaque + ububiko bw'ingufu + kwishyuza ryatangiye.None, ni gute amasosiyete akoresha ibikoresho bya magnetiki, ibigo bigize magnetique hamwe nisosiyete mu mafoto yerekana amashanyarazi + kubika ingufu + inganda zishyuza zikoresha aya mahirwe yo kwiteza imbere?

Hamwe n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’intego ebyiri za karuboni z’Ubushinwa, leta n’inzego z’ibanze batangaje politiki nyinshi zifatika mu bijyanye n’amafoto y’amashanyarazi + yo kubika ingufu + kwishyuza uyu mwaka, bikaba byateje imbere ubwubatsi bwihuse muri uru rwego.

Photovoltaic + ububiko bw'ingufu + kwishyiriraho sitasiyo yo kwishyiriraho ni abantu basanzwe bahagarariye mubice bya Photovoltaque + kubika ingufu + kwishyuza.Bitewe n’amashanyarazi akomatanyirijwe hamwe, bateri zibika ingufu nyinshi, ububiko bwamashanyarazi hamwe nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga, zirashobora gutanga byombi kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi Ingufu zamashanyarazi nicyatsi nazo zishobora kumenya imirimo ya serivise zifasha nko kogosha amashanyarazi no kuzuza ikibaya, bishobora gukora neza kunoza imikorere ya sisitemu.Itoneshwa n’amasosiyete mashya y’ibinyabiziga bitanga ingufu hamwe n’amasosiyete y’ibirundo, kandi bashora imari mu iyubakwa ry’amafoto y’amashanyarazi + yo kubika ingufu + kwishyuza sitasiyo zishyizwe hamwe.

Ibyo bita Photovoltaic + kubika ingufu + kwishyuza mubyukuri birimo inganda zifotora,inganda zibika ingufu, kwishyuza ibirundo ninganda nshya zinganda zitwara ibinyabiziga, kandi izi nzego enye zinganda nisoko nyamukuru iheruka kubice bya magnetiki no gutanga amashanyarazi.Kuzamuka kwifoto yumubumbe + kubika ingufu + kwishyuza byazanye amahirwe menshi yiterambere ryisoko kubakora magnetique.

Iterambere rya Photovoltaque + ububiko bwingufu + imirima yumuriro irarimbanije.Iyi ngingo izibanda ku ikoreshwa no kuzamura ibikoresho bya magneti hamwe nibikoresho bya magneti muri Photovoltaque + kubika ingufu + sisitemu yo kwishyuza.Ingorane za tekiniki ningorane ziterambere zihura nuru rwego bizaba byiza Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe icyerekezo cyiterambere cyigihe kizaza, tanga abimenyereza kugira uruhare runini muruganda gusobanukirwa neza nibidukikije byamafoto y’amashanyarazi + abika ingufu + inganda zishyuza.

Ni ubuhe buryo bw'isoko buteganijwe kuri Photovoltaque + Kubika Ingufu + Kwishyuza?

Umuvuduko witerambere wubu wa Photovoltaque + kubika ingufu + kwishyuza biracyatinda.Ku ruhande rumwe, kubera ko uyu murima ari inganda zigaragara mu myaka ibiri ishize, bisaba igihe runaka kugirango buri wese yemere ibintu bishya.Kurundi ruhande, ibyuzuye byuzuye bya Photovoltaque + kubika ingufu + sisitemu yo kwishyuza bihenze.

Photovoltaic + kubika ingufu + uburyo bwo kwishyuza bifasha guca amakenga muri societe yose kubyerekeye ingufu z’ibidukikije zidafite ingufu z’imodoka nshya.Photovoltaque ifite impinga n’ibibaya, kandi guhuza amafoto y’amashanyarazi + kubika ingufu + kwishyuza birashobora kugabanya neza imyanda y’ingufu zoroheje kandi birashobora no gutuma kwishyuza ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu byangiza ibidukikije.

Kugeza ubu, ubushobozi bwashyizweho bwamafoto yiyongera.Akababaro k'abakoresha ni uko badashobora kubikwa, cyangwa niyo babitswe, ntibashobora kubazanira agaciro.Nyamara, izi ngingo zububabare zirashobora gukemurwa hifashishijwe Photovoltaque + kubika ingufu + kwishyuza.

Mu rwego rwo kwiteza imbere, iterambere ry’isoko rya Photovoltaque rishyigikiwe na politiki y’igihugu, ni ukuvuga ko kugera ku mpinga ya karubone mu 2030 no kutabogama kwa karubone mu 2060. Ukurikije iyi ntego, ntabwo bizarangira mu kanya nigice.Irakeneye gukomeza igihe kirekire.Muri icyo gihe, kubijyanye no koherezwa, ubushobozi bwa PV buri mwaka bwashyizweho buragenda bwiyongera, hamwe niterambere ryumwaka urenga 8%.Mubyongeyeho, hariho umurongo wo gusimbuza ibicuruzwa byumwimerere bifotora.Byongeye kandi, nyuma yicyifuzo cya gahunda ya karubone ebyiri, ninkuru nziza nziza yinganda zikoreshwa na magnetique kandi izateza imbere iterambere ryihuse ryamafoto + yububiko + bwo kubika ingufu + amashanyarazi.

Nibihe Bisabwa Mubikoresho bya Magnetique nibikoresho bya Magnetique muri Photovoltaque + Kubika Ingufu + Sisitemu yo Kwishyuza?

Kuberako Photovoltaque + kubika ingufu + sisitemu yo kwishyiriraho muri rusange ifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi nini-nini cyane, haribisabwa bimwe na bimwe birwanya imbaraga za voltage, guhagarara kwubushyuhe no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwibintu bya magneti nibindi bice.Ibikoresho hafi ya byose bya magnetiki byakoreshejwe byahinduwe kuri magnetiki yumurongo mwinshi.Kubwibyo, ibikoresho bibiri bya magnetique, icyuma cya silicon nicyuma cya silicon aluminium, bikoreshwa cyane muruganda, nibindi byinshi bikoresha ibikoresho bifite imirongo igera kuri 30K.

Mubyongeyeho, ingano yibigize magnetique irashobora kugabanuka uko bishoboka kwose binyuze muburyo bwo guhindagurika no gushushanya insinga.Twabibutsa ko kubera umwihariko wa Photovoltaque + kubika ingufu + isoko yishyuza ubwayo, ntabwo ikoreshwa nabantu bose.Kubwibyo, gahunda isaba ibice bya magnetique akenshi iba ari nto mubwinshi nubwoko bwinshi, bigira ingaruka mubikorwa byumusaruro wikora kurwego runaka.

Urebye ubwoko bw'imikoreshereze, ibikoresho byinshi bya magneti ku isoko bizakoreshwa, harimo amorphous, ifu ya magnetiki nibindi nibindi.Ibikoresho bikora cyane bya magnetiki birashobora gufasha ibice bya magneti kugabanya ingano no gutakaza.Ugereranije nibicuruzwa gakondo bya ferrite, birushanwe kumasoko.

Ni izihe mpamvu nyamukuru zigira uruhare mu iterambere rya Photovoltaque + Ububiko bw'ingufu + Amasoko yishyuza?Nigute wabikemura mugihe kizaza?

1. Isoko ryisoko ryumuvuduko mwinshi nimbaraga nyinshi rishyira imbere ibisabwa byinshi mubice bya magneti nkubucucike bwinshi, inshuro nyinshi, nubushyuhe bukabije.Iki kandi nikibazo nyamukuru tekinike ihura nibice bya magneti.Kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo bya Photovoltaque + ububiko bwingufu + amasoko yishyuza, usibye guhindura uburyo bwo gushushanya, birakenewe rwose gushyira mubikorwa ubushakashatsi niterambere no kunoza ibikoresho bya magneti.

2. Usibye ibibazo bya tekiniki, ibibazo byigiciro nimpamvu nyamukuru igira ingaruka kumajyambere ya Photovoltaque + kubika ingufu + amasoko yishyuza.Kubera imbaraga nyinshi zisabwa hamwe nibisabwa cyane kumutekano no kwizerwa, uburyo bwo gushushanya ibice bya magneti bigenda bigorana kandi inzira iragoye, ibyo bigatuma bigora gushyira mubikorwa automatike kandi bisaba uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha umusaruro.Mubyongeyeho, imbaraga zububiko bwibikoresho bya magneti ni ndende, kandi ibisabwa mubikoresho bya magneti nabyo biri hejuru.Ibikoresho byatoranijwe byatoranijwe nabyo bihenze, kandi igiciro rusange kizazamuka.

Intandaro yikiguzi kinini cyubwubatsi bwa Photovoltaque + kubika ingufu + kwishyuza biri muri bateri.Kuri bateri, igiciro cyibikoresho byo gukora no guteza imbere bateri ni kinini, ikoranabuhanga riragoye, kandi ibiciro bya bateri biragoye kugabanya mugihe gito.Niba ushaka kugabanya ibiciro mugihe kizaza, bizatangirira cyane kubisubizo bya tekiniki ya bateri, hanyuma hejuru no mumasoko yo kugemura nabyo bizakenera gufatanya kugabanya ibiciro.

3. Impamvu imwe igira ingaruka kuri iterambere rya Photovoltaque + kubika ingufu + kwishyuza nabyo ni igiciro kinini cyo gushora R&D hakiri kare.Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho bya magnetiki hamwe nibikoresho bya magneti biri mubihe bigoye bishobora guhura nibikenewe ku isoko ariko biragoye kujya kure.Ibindi byiza-bikozwe neza bikozwe muburyo bwambere kugirango tunoze imikorere, ariko iterambere ryingenzi mubikoresho ntiriragerwaho.Gusa mugushikira intambwe mubikoresho bya magneti, imikorere yibice bya magneti bizanozwa cyane.

4. Ihinduka ryingufu zoguhindura amashanyarazi ntiruzuza neza ibisabwa kugirango isoko ryiyongere, guhindura ingufu ni bike, kandi amashanyarazi ntahagije, adashobora guhuza nogukoresha kwinshi kwamashanyarazi.Guhindura imikorere yingufu nikibazo cyihutirwa kigira ingaruka kumajyambere ya Photovoltaque + ububiko bwingufu + amasoko yishyuza, kandi nicyerekezo cyingenzi cyiterambere ryikoranabuhanga mugihe kizaza.Mubyukuri, ugereranije nimyaka yashize, amashanyarazi yerekana amashanyarazi yateye intambwe nini muguhindura ingufu, ariko ntishobora kuzuza ibisabwa kugirango sitasiyo zishyirwaho zubu.Igisubizo cyibibazo bya tekiniki yo guhindura imikorere yingufu ntibishobora kugerwaho no gusimbuka mugihe gito.Ariko, hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryiterambere no kuzamura igipimo cyingufu zingufu, amafoto yamafoto + ububiko bwingufu + amasoko yishyuza bizinjira mugihe cyiterambere ryihuse.

Igihugu cyateje imbere cyane iterambere ry’amafoto y’amashanyarazi + yo kubika ingufu + kwishyuza amasoko mu myaka yashize, kandi ejo hazaza haragutse.Mu gihe igihugu gishimangira ibyo gisabwa ku bipimo bya “carbone peak na carbone bitagira aho bibogamiye”, inganda nshya z’ingufu nka Photovoltaque n’ingufu z’umuyaga zizatera imbere byihuse.Photovoltaic + kubika ingufu + kwishyuza ni inganda zishingiye kuri politiki, bigaragara ko zatewe na politiki.Hamwe no gushyira mu bikorwa igihe kirekire politiki ya karuboni ebyiri, iri soko rizatangiza igihe kirekire cyiterambere.

Kugeza ubu, Photovoltaic + kubika ingufu + kwishyuza ni byinshi muburyo bwo kubyara ingufu zifasha, kubika, no kwishyuza.Ntabwo baruzuza neza ibikenewe ku isoko, ariko bigomba kuba icyitegererezo cyingenzi niterambere ryiterambere ryogukoresha ingufu.Muri rusange, hari inkuru nyinshi nziza ziva mubice bitandukanye nka politiki yigihugu ndetse n’ibanze muri uyu mwaka, bizafasha guteza imbere iterambere ry’inganda zose zifotora amashanyarazi + zibika ingufu + zishyuza.

Mu bihe biri imbere, guhuza amafoto y’amashanyarazi + kubika ingufu + kwishyuza sitasiyo zishyirwaho bizaba ari ibintu bikomeye, ariko guhinga ku isoko bizatwara igihe kirekire.Byongeye kandi, ukurikije ibikoresho, izamuka ryibiciro fatizo bizamura igiciro rusange, kandi ibura rya chipi bizagira ingaruka ku kwagura isoko kurwego runaka.Ariko, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bwakurikiyeho bw’imodoka nshya z’ingufu, icyifuzo cy’amashanyarazi kizaba kinini, kandi mu gihe cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi mu cyi, byanze bikunze hazaba hashyizweho sitasiyo zishyirwaho n’amashanyarazi n’amashanyarazi.Twabibutsa ko bizatwara igihe kinini cyo guhinga isoko ryimbere mu gihugu, cyane cyane kumafoto yo mu rugo + kubika ingufu + uburyo bwo kwishyuza, usanga bikiri mubyiciro.Ahari mubihugu byateye imbere no mubice bituwe cyane, kuzamura porogaramu bizihuta.

Nubwo gahunda yo kubika ingufu zurugo ziriho ubu zisa nkudasanzwe zishingiye ku gipimo cy’inyungu ku ishoramari, hamwe no kugabanya ibiciro, kwagura isoko, no gushyigikira politiki y’igihugu “dual-carbone”, urugo rw’amafoto y’amashanyarazi + ububiko + kwishyuza ibirundo Moderi ihuriweho izagera kubisubizo byubukungu.

Incamake

Kuva leta yashyira ahagaragara intego ya "dual carbone" yo hejuru ya karubone no kutabogama kwa karubone, umugabane wamasoko yibigo mumashanyarazi ya fotovoltaque + ububiko bwingufu + amashanyarazi hamwe nibikoresho bifasha bikomeje kwaguka.Byongeye kandi, politiki yo kugabanya amashanyarazi n’umusaruro yazamuye cyane ubukungu bwo kubika ingufu.Ndetse Huawei yatangaje ku mugaragaro ku ya 18 Ukwakira ko yasinye nezaumushinga munini wo kubika ingufu ku isikugeza ubu-Arabiya Sawudite Inyanja Itukura Umushinga mushya wo kubika ingufu z'umujyi, ufite igipimo cya 1,300MWh.

Kugeza ubu, abantu benshi mubikoresho bya magneti hamwe ninganda zikoresha magnetique bafite icyizere ku isoko ryigihe kizaza cyo gufotora + kubika ingufu + kwishyuza, kandi bizera ko iterambere ry’inganda rizazana umwanya munini w’isoko ryongerewe agaciro ku bikoresho bya magneti n'ibikoresho bya magneti. inganda.Hamwe n'ibihe bigenda byiyongera, inganda zifotora + ububiko bwingufu + inganda zishyuza nazo zihura nibibazo.

Urebye kubibazo bya tekiniki, kubera ko Photovoltaque + kubika ingufu + sisitemu yo kwishyuza ifite ibiranga imiyoboro ihanitse kandi yumurongo mwinshi, ifite ibisabwa byinshi kubice bya magnetiki no gutanga amashanyarazi mubijyanye no gutembera, kwihanganira voltage, guhagarara k'ubushyuhe, umutekano no kwizerwa, bigomba gukemurwa hifashishijwe ibikoresho bya magneti.Byumvikane ko inganda nyinshi zikoresha ibikoresho bya magnetique zatangije ibintu byinshi bya magnetiki kandi bitakaza igihombo kinini ibikoresho bya magneti bikwiranye na sisitemu ishimangira ubufatanye na kaminuza cyangwa ubushakashatsi bwigenga niterambere.Muri byo, ibyuma bya silicon hamwe nicyuma cya silicon aluminium yibikoresho ni ibikoresho bya magneti hamwe numurongo mwinshi muri fotokoltaque ya none + kubika ingufu + sisitemu yo kwishyuza.Byizerwa ko hamwe nogutezimbere no kunoza imikorere yibikoresho bya magneti, ibikoresho bya magnetiki byimbere mu gihugu hamwe nogutanga amashanyarazi birashobora kuzuza ibisabwa na Photovoltaque + kubika ingufu + sisitemu yo kwishyuza.

Urebye ibibazo byo kuzamura isoko, impamvu nyamukuru yiterambere ryagutse ryiterambere rya fotokoltaque + inganda zibika ingufu + zishyuza ni uko kubaka sisitemu iriho bisaba amafaranga menshi.Ku ruhande rumwe, ibisabwa mu bikoresho bya magneti ni byinshi, kandi kwiyongera kw'ishoramari R&D byatumye izamuka ry'ibiciro by'ibikoresho bya magneti;kurundi ruhande, ibisabwa mubikorwa byo kubyaza umusaruro ibikoresho bya magneti byariyongereye, bituma bigorana gushyira mubikorwa byimazeyo umusaruro wikora, kandi amafaranga yumurimo nayo yazamutse;Ku rundi ruhande, ibisabwa mu buryo bwo kubyaza umusaruro ibikoresho bya magneti biratera imbere, biragoye gushyira mu bikorwa byimazeyo umusaruro wikora, kandi n’igiciro cy’umurimo nacyo kiriyongera;Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi niterambere rya bateri isabwa na Photovoltaic + ingufu zo kubika + sisitemu yo kwishyuza biragoye kandi bisaba ubushakashatsi bwikoranabuhanga bwigihe kirekire nishoramari ryiterambere, kugirango igiciro rusange cya sisitemu murwego rwo hejuru mugihe gito .Byongeye kandi, Photovoltaic + kubika ingufu + inganda zishyuza biragaragara ko zishingiye kuri politiki, kandi iterambere ry’inganda rishingiye ku nkunga ya politiki y'igihugu ndetse n’ibanze.Iyo nta nkunga ya politiki imaze, biragoye kwagura isoko.

Icyakora, igihugu muri iki gihe gishyigikiye cyane iyubakwa rya sisitemu ya Photovoltaque + yo kubika ingufu + zishyuza.Nka gahunda ndende, gahunda ya karubone ebyiri izakomeza kugeza muri 2050. Birashobora guteganijwe ko imyaka 30 iri imbere izaba igihe cyihuta cyo guteza imbere inganda zifotora + zibika ingufu + zikoresha amashanyarazi.Isosiyete ikora ibintu bya magnetique hamwe nibisosiyete ikora ibintu bigomba gufata iki gihe cyiterambere kandi igafata iyambere muburyo!