Photovoltaque (sisitemu yo kubyara ingufu z'izuba)

Amashusho:

Ni impfunyapfunyo ya Solar Power Sisitemu.Nubwoko bushya bwa sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi ikoresha ingaruka zifotora yumuriro wibikoresho bya semiconductor izuba kugirango ihindure ingufu zituruka kumirasire yizuba mumashanyarazi.Ifite imikorere yigenga kandi Hariho inzira ebyiri zo gukora kuri gride.
Muri icyo gihe, gushyira mu byiciro amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, imwe irashyizwe hamwe, nka sisitemu nini nini yo mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwo ku isi ifotora amashanyarazi;imwe iratangwa (> 6MW nkumupaka), nkibikorwa byubucuruzi nubucuruzi byubucuruzi hejuru yinzu yububiko bwamashanyarazi, sisitemu yo kubamo hejuru yamafoto yumuriro.
Izina ryigishinwa: Photovoltaic Izina ryamahanga: Photovoltaic
Izina ryuzuye: Solar Photovoltaic power power system Ubwiza: Sisitemu nshya yo kubyara amashanyarazi

Sisitemu Intangiriro

Ingaruka yizuba ryizuba, ryitwa Photovoltaic (PV) mugihe gito, rizwi kandi nkingaruka ya Photovoltaque (Photovoltaic), ryerekeza kubintu byerekana itandukaniro rishobora kuba hagati yibice bya semiconductor idahuye cyangwa guhuza igice cya semiconductor nicyuma iyo bimurikirwa.
Photovoltaque isobanurwa nkuguhindura mu buryo butaziguye ingufu za ray.Mubikorwa bifatika, mubisanzwe bivuga guhindura ingufu zizuba ingufu zamashanyarazi, ni ukuvuga izuba ryamafoto.Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo ahanini rishingiye ku gukoresha imirasire y'izuba ikozwe muri silicon n'ibindi bikoresho bya semiconductor, ukoresheje urumuri rutanga amashanyarazi ataziguye, nka selile izuba ahantu hose mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi.

Ikoranabuhanga rya Photovoltaque rifite ibyiza byinshi:

kurugero, ntabwo ifite ibice byimashini bigenda;ntikeneye "lisansi" iyo ari yo yose usibye urumuri rw'izuba, kandi irashobora gukora munsi yizuba ryizuba hamwe nimirasire ya oblique;kandi biroroshye kandi byoroshye kuva guhitamo urubuga, ibisenge hamwe nu mwanya ufunguye mumujyi birashobora gukoreshwa.Kuva mu 1958, ingufu z'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zikoreshwa ku nshuro ya mbere mu rwego rwo gutanga ingufu z'icyogajuru mu kirere mu buryo bw'imirasire y'izuba.Uyu munsi, kuva amashanyarazi ya metero yaparika yikora kugeza kumirasire y'izuba hejuru yinzu, kugeza ku kigo kinini cy’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, ikoreshwa ryayo mu bijyanye no kubyaza ingufu amashanyarazi ryakwirakwiriye ku isi yose.
Imirasire y'izuba ni imbaraga zikura vuba, kandi isoko ry'ingufu z'izuba naryo ryateye intambwe nini mumyaka icumi ishize.Dukurikije imibare, hashingiwe ku kigereranyo ngarukamwaka cyashyizweho cy’izuba ry’izuba, isoko ry’izuba ku isi rifite umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka wa 47.4%, kuva kuri 598MW muri 2003 ukagera kuri 2826MW muri 2007. Biteganijwe ko muri 2012, impuzandengo y’umwaka yashyizweho ubushobozi bw'imirasire y'izuba bushobora kurushaho kwiyongera kugera kuri 9917MW, kandi igurishwa ry’inganda zose zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba rishobora kwiyongera kuva kuri miliyari 17.2 z'amadolari ya Amerika muri 2007 ukagera kuri miliyari 39.5 z'amadolari ya Amerika muri 2012. Uyu muvuduko wo kwiyongera ahanini uterwa n'ubwiyongere bukabije bw'isoko ku isi, bwiyongera ibiryo byo kugaburira hamwe na leta zitandukanye.
Mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe bikomeye ku isi, cyane cyane Ubudage, Ubutaliyani, Espagne, Amerika, Ubufaransa, na Koreya yepfo, guverinoma ihuriweho na leta, guverinoma z’ibihugu, n’inzego z’ibanze byashyikirije abakoresha amaherezo y’ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku zuba mu buryo bw’imisoro gusubizwa, inguzanyo zimisoro nibindi bitera inkunga, Ababitanga, abahuza sisitemu hamwe nababikora batanga inkunga nogushigikira ubukungu mugutezimbere ikoreshwa ryingufu zizuba mugukoresha imiyoboro ya interineti no kugabanya kwishingikiriza kumasoko yandi.Nyamara, amasosiyete gakondo y’ingufu za leta afite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo guharanira inyungu za politiki arashobora kandi kugerageza guhindura amategeko abigenga ku masoko yabo, ibyo bikaba bishobora no kugira ingaruka mbi ku iterambere no gukoresha ubucuruzi bw’ingufu zikomoka ku zuba.
Ariko muri rusange, kubera ibibazo bya politiki n’ubukungu bidahungabana mu turere twinshi dukora peteroli na gaze ku isi, guverinoma nyinshi zifata ingamba zihamye zo kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku mbaraga z’amahanga.Imirasire y'izuba itanga igisubizo gikurura ingufu z'amashanyarazi, kandi ntizishobora gushingira cyane ku mbaraga z'amahanga.Byongeye kandi, ibibazo by’ibidukikije bigenda bigaragara cyane n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere bijyana no kubyara ingufu za peteroli byatewe na politiki byatumye leta ishyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bigamije kugabanya dioxyde de carbone n’ibindi byuka bihumanya ikirere.Imirasire y'izuba nizindi mbaraga zishobora kuvugururwa zirashobora gufasha gukemura ibyo bibazo bidukikije.
Guverinoma ku isi zashyize mu bikorwa politiki zitandukanye zo gushimangira iterambere no gukoresha ingufu z'izuba ndetse n’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa.Ibihugu byinshi by’Uburayi, ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bya Aziya, Ositaraliya, Kanada na leta nyinshi z’Amerika ndetse n’ibihugu bimwe na bimwe byo muri Amerika y'Epfo byatanze politiki y’ingufu zishobora kubaho.Abakiriya bashimangira amafaranga yimari harimo kugabanura ibiciro, kugabanyirizwa ifoto ya fotokolta ku nguzanyo no gutanga imisoro.

Amashusho

Igikorwa cya Li Hejun “Ubuyobozi Bw’Ubushinwa: Impinduramatwara ya gatatu mu nganda mu Bushinwa” (aha ni ukuvuga “Uwa mbere mu Bushinwa”) impinduramatwara.Bizashobora gukemura ibibazo by’ingufu no guteza imbere ubukungu, akaba aribwo buryo bw’ibanze bw’iterambere ry’Ubushinwa.
Ati: “Ingufu nyamukuru zikoreshwa n'abantu mu bihe biri imbere ntizizongera kuba amakara, peteroli cyangwa gaze gasanzwe, ahubwo ni ingufu z'izuba.”Li Hejun yizera ko “guteza imbere ingufu inganda nshya z’ingufu, cyane cyane inganda zifotora amashanyarazi, bizaba amahirwe ku Bushinwa.”
“Ubushinwa Bwambere” bugaragaza imigendekere y’impinduramatwara nshya ku isi, ivuga muri make uburambe n’amasomo by’Uburayi, Amerika, Ubuyapani, Koreya yepfo, n’ibindi bijyanye, hamwe n’imyitozo ya “Made in China” ya byinshi imyaka irenga 30 yo kuvugurura no gufungura hamwe namateka yiterambere riteye ubwoba ryinganda zamafoto yubushinwa Kandi imyitozo, ibitekerezo nibitekerezo, ubukungu nimbonezamubano, inganda ninganda, impande zubu nigihe kizaza, kandi twaganiriye byimazeyo ingamba, amayeri, politiki na ingamba Ubushinwa bugomba gufata muri iki cyiciro cya revolution yinganda, bityo bugafata Urubanza ruyoboye isi.
“Igitabo cy’imbere mu Bushinwa” kiza ku isonga mu bitabo bitandukanye kuva cyasohoka.Raporo y’urutonde rw’ibitabo yo mu Gushyingo 2013 yashyizwe ahagaragara n’ikigo cya gatatu gishinzwe gukurikirana “Unwinding” y’inganda z’ibitabo, “Uwa mbere mu Bushinwa” iri ku rutonde rw’ibitabo by’ubukungu mu byumweru bibiri bikurikiranye kuva yashyizwe ku rutonde mu ntangiriro za Ugushyingo 2013. uwasohoye, “Uwa mbere mu Bushinwa” yasohotse kuva mu Gushyingo, kandi mu gihe cy'ukwezi kumwe abaye nyampinga wo kugurisha ibitabo bya CITIC Publishing.Raporo ya “Beijing News” yo ku ya 7 Ukuboza 2013, “Uwa mbere mu Bushinwa” ku isonga rya “Amakuru ya Beijing” “Urutonde rw'ibitabo by'impumuro nziza” ku rutonde rw'ibitabo bishinzwe ubukungu.
Umwanditsi Li Hejun yiswe n’itangazamakuru nk '“impuguke mu bucuruzi, rwiyemezamirimo w’inzobere”, iki gitabo cyatsindiye perezida w’icyubahiro w’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe iterambere ry’iterambere rya kaminuza ya Peking, Lin Yifu wahoze ari umuyobozi w’ubukungu w’amabanki ku isi, Lin Yifu, umuhanga mu bukungu w’icyamamare, Fan Gang, “Inganda ya gatatu“ Impinduramatwara ”Umwanditsi Jeremy Rifkin, wahoze ari umwanditsi mukuru wa“ Economic Daily ”, washinze ikirango cy'Ubushinwa Ai Feng, akaba n'umwanditsi mukuru w'ikinyamakuru“ Ubukungu bwerekeye amakuru ”Du Yuejin, yashimiwe ko ari igitabo cya“ mpinduramatwara ya gatatu mu nganda ” Imyitozo myiza yigitekerezo mubushinwa.

Ibigize

Inteko ya Photovoltaque ni igikoresho cyo kubyara ingufu zitanga amashanyarazi ataziguye iyo ahuye nizuba.Igizwe ningirabuzimafatizo zikomeye zifotora zakozwe hafi ya zose zikoreshwa na semiconductor (nka silicon).Kubera ko nta gice gifatika, gishobora gukoreshwa igihe kirekire nta gihombo.Utugingo ngengabuzima tworoheje dushobora gutanga ingufu zamasaha na calculatrice, kandi sisitemu igoye cyane ya fotovoltaque irashobora gutanga amatara kumazu no guha amashanyarazi.Ibikoresho bya Photovoltaque birashobora gukorwa muburyo butandukanye, kandi ibice birashobora guhuzwa kugirango bitange imbaraga nyinshi.Byombi hejuru yinzu no hejuru yinyubako bizakoresha inteko ya Photovoltaque, ndetse bizakoreshwa nkigice cya Windows, skylight, cyangwa ibikoresho byo gukingira.Ibi byuma bifotora bikunze kwitwa sisitemu ya Photovoltaque ifatanye ninyubako.
Ibiriho hamwe n'ibizaza

Kurwanya ubukene bwa Photovoltaque
Kuva mu 2015, Intara ya Feidong, Intara ya Anhui yihatiye kandi ishora miliyoni 8.55 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryo kurwanya ubukene bw’amafoto, kandi yubaka umugabane rusange (umuryango) mu midugudu 5 yibasiwe n'ubukene, ingo 225 z'abakene na 80 “batatu-nta” cyane ingo zikennye mu ntara.Amashanyarazi 310.[3]

Imirasire y'izuba

akarusho
① Nta kaga ko kunanirwa;
② Umutekano kandi wizewe, nta rusaku, nta mwanda, byangiza ibidukikije rwose (nta mwanda);
③ Ntabwo igarukira no gukwirakwiza umutungo, kandi ifite ibyiza byo kuba mwiza mugihe yashyizwe hejuru yinzu;
④Ku mbuga zitanga amashanyarazi no gutanga amashanyarazi udakoresheje lisansi no gushyiraho imirongo yohereza;
QualityUbuziranenge bw’ingufu (kuri ubu, igipimo kinini cyo guhindura muri laboratoire kigeze hejuru ya 47%);
S Abakoresha biroroshye kwakira amarangamutima no gukunda cyane;
Period Igihe cyo kubaka ni gito, kandi igihe bisaba kugirango ubone ingufu ni gito;
⑧ Urebye ku mutekano w’igihugu, ingufu z'amashanyarazi zishobora kumenya itangwa ry'umuryango ubwazo, birinda gusenya intambara.

Ibibi
Equipment Ibikoresho byo gukoresha ingufu z'izuba bigomba kugira ahantu hanini.
ApplicationGukoresha ingufu z'izuba bigira ingaruka ku kirere no ku manywa na nijoro.
RestrictionsIbikorwa bya tekiniki bivamo igipimo cyo gukoresha ingufu nke, gukora neza, no gushora ibikoresho byinshi.
Use Gukoresha bateri zibika ingufu z'izuba nabyo bizazana umwanda mwinshi.

Kubera ubwiyongere bukenewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga ku ngirabuzimafatizo zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, ibigo byinshi byo mu gihugu byahindutse inganda za OEM inganda, kandi bifata uyu mwanya wo gukomeza gutera imbere no kwiteza imbere.Politiki nshya y’ingufu za Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika itanga amahirwe meza ku masosiyete y’amafoto y’imbere mu gihugu gutera imbere.Bamwe mu bayobozi b’inganda zo mu gihugu batangiye gushinga amashami muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika kugira ngo bagirane amasezerano n’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi kandi binjire cyane ku isoko ry’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi.
Mu gihe kirekire, niba Ubushinwa budakoresheje cyane ikoranabuhanga ry’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, ibibazo by'ingufu byugarije iterambere ry'ubukungu bw'Ubushinwa bizarushaho gukomera.Ibibazo by'ingufu byanze bikunze bizahinduka inzitizi nini mu iterambere ry'ubukungu bw'Ubushinwa.Ubushinwa ni kimwe mu bihugu bikungahaye ku mirasire y'izuba.Ubushinwa bufite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare miliyoni 1.08, bukwirakwizwa cyane mu karere k’amajyaruguru yuburengerazuba bufite umutungo mwinshi.Ubuso bwa kilometero kare imwe burashobora gushyirwaho hamwe na megawatt 100 ya fotovoltaque yerekana, ishobora kubyara miliyoni 150 kilowatt-kumwaka;niba 1% yubutayu bwaratejwe imbere kandi bugakoreshwa, burashobora kubyara amashanyarazi ahwanye numwaka wose wa 2003 mubushinwa.Mu turere twinshi nko mu majyaruguru y’Ubushinwa ndetse no ku nkombe z’inyanja, izuba ry’umwaka rirenga amasaha arenga 2000, naho Hainan igeze ku masaha arenga 2,400, ikaba igihugu cy’izuba gikomoka ku zuba.Birashobora kugaragara ko Ubushinwa bufite imiterere y’imiterere kugirango ikoreshwe cyane mu ikoranabuhanga ry’amashanyarazi.
Guverinoma y'Ubushinwa yasohoye kandi politiki zimwe na zimwe zerekeye iterambere ry'ingufu nshya.Muri byo, vuba aha hasohotse "Itangazo ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'umushinga wo kwerekana izuba rya zahabu" ni ryo ryiza cyane.Iri tangazo ryibanda ku gushyigikira amashanyarazi akoreshwa n’amashanyarazi akoreshwa n’amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi yigenga y’amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi manini manini ahuza amashanyarazi n’indi mishinga yerekana, ndetse n’inganda zikoreshwa mu buhanga bw’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi nko kweza ibikoresho bya silikoni. na gride ihuza ibikorwa hamwe no kubaka ubushobozi bwibanze.Impamyabumenyi n'iterambere ry'isoko bigena inkunga yo gushora imari hejuru yimishinga itandukanye.Ku mishinga itanga amashanyarazi akoreshwa na gride, mubisanzwe, 50% yishoramari ryose rya sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi hamwe nimishinga yo gushyigikira no gukwirakwiza bizaterwa inkunga;muri bo, sisitemu yigenga y’amashanyarazi yigenga mu turere twa kure nta mashanyarazi izaterwa inkunga kuri 70% y’ishoramari ryose;Inganda zingenzi zikoranabuhanga mu nganda n’imishinga y’ibanze yubaka ubushobozi ishyigikirwa cyane cyane no kugabanyirizwa inkunga.
Iyi politiki iteza imbere Ubushinwa guhinduka buhoro buhoro ingufu z'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zituruka ku ruganda rukora amashanyarazi.Kuri aya mahirwe yamateka, imbogamizi zihura n’amasosiyete yo mu mafoto y’imbere mu gihugu arakomeye cyane.Gusa mugukomeza kuzamura ubwiza bwibicuruzwa bifotora no gufungura imiyoboro yo kugurisha imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga dushobora gukoresha neza amahirwe kandi bigatuma ibigo binini kandi bikomeye.

Imirasire y'izuba ifite ibiranga kurengera ibidukikije no kurengera ibidukikije.Iyi nyungu yatumye ibihugu byinshi, harimo n'Ubushinwa, bifata ingufu z'izuba nk'inganda nshya z'ingufu.Ibicuruzwa bifotora mu gihugu cy’Ubushinwa bitangwa cyane cyane ku masoko y’i Burayi n’Amerika, kandi umugabane w’imbere mu gihugu ni muto cyane.Bitewe n’isoko ryiyongera ku isoko mu Burayi no muri Amerika, inganda z’amafoto y’Ubushinwa zageze ku iterambere ryihuse, aho impuzandengo y’ubwiyongere buri mwaka irenga 40% mu myaka itanu ishize.Mu rwego rwo kurushaho gushyigikirwa na politiki, ibyerekezo byiterambere bizaza mu nganda zifotora bizaguka.
Kuva hejuru kugeza kumanuka, uruganda rukora amashanyarazi ya Photovoltaque rurimo iminyururu yinganda zirimo polysilicon, wafer ya silicon, uduce twa batiri nibice bya batiri.Murwego rwinganda, kuva polysilicon kugeza ibice bya batiri, urwego rwa tekiniki yumusaruro rugenda rugabanuka, kandi kubwibyo, umubare wibigo nawo uragenda wiyongera.Kubwibyo, inyungu zurwego rwinganda zose zifotora yibanda cyane cyane kumurongo wo hejuru wa polysilicon, kandi inyungu yibigo byimbere ni byiza cyane kuruta epfo.
Kugeza ubu, inyungu ziva mu musaruro wa polysilicon ku mugabane w’Ubushinwa zifite igice kinini cy’inyungu zose z’ibicuruzwa bya moderi ya nyuma, bigera kuri 52%;inyungu yumusaruro wa bateri module igera kuri 18%;Abagera kuri 17% na 13%.
Kuva mu 2008, igiciro cya polysilicon cyatangiye kugabanuka cyane.Kugeza ubu, igiciro cyibibanza bya polysilicon yo mu gihugu cyamanutse kiva ku madolari 500 / kg kigera ku 100-150 $ / kg.Amakuru yo muri 2012 ni US $ 18 ~ 30 / kg.
Kwiyongera kwubushobozi bwa Polysilicon birihuta cyane, kandi kwiyongera gutinda kubisabwa nikintu nyamukuru gitera ibiciro kugabanuka.Nk’uko iSuppi ibiteganya, mu 2009, itangwa rya polysilicon ku isi rizikuba kabiri, mu gihe kwiyongera kw'ibisabwa ari 34% gusa.Kubwibyo, igiciro cya polysilicon gishobora kugabanuka cyane.iSuppi ndetse yavuze ko mu mwaka wa 2010, igiciro cya polysilicon kizamanuka kugera ku madolari 100 / kg, ibyo bikaba bizagabanya cyane inyungu z’abatanga polysilicon.
Kugabanuka kw'ibiciro bya polysilicon bizongera inyungu zabakora selile, ariko ubucuruzi bwa silicon wafer nayo itera ingaruka zikomeye.Yaba isoko ya polysilicon yo hejuru cyangwa uruganda rukora selile, ntakibazo cya tekiniki mugukora silicon.Iyo byombi hejuru no hepfo byinjira mubucuruzi bwa silicon wafer icyarimwe, inyungu yuruhererekane rwubucuruzi bwa silicon wafer iragabanuka cyane.
Inganda zifotora mu Bushinwa zagize urwego rwuzuye rwinganda.Mu 2009, umusaruro wa polysilicon mu Bushinwa warenze toni 20.000, naho ingufu z'izuba zirenga MW 4000.Yabaye igihugu kinini ku isi mu myaka itatu ikurikiranye.
Muri Gicurasi 2010, Ishyirahamwe ry’inganda z’amafoto y’Ubushinwa ryashinzwe, rikurura imishinga 22 y’imbere mu gihugu, amashyirahamwe y’inganda n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi kuyinjiramo.Ihuriro ry’inganda z’amafoto y’Ubushinwa ryibanda ku kuyobora inganda zihuriweho n’inganda, guteza imbere porogaramu, no guhuza iterambere, gukora ubushakashatsi kuri politiki ishishikariza iterambere ry’inganda zifotora, no kongera inkunga mu guhindura ikoranabuhanga no kuzamura inganda.Ihuriro ry’inganda z’amafoto y’Ubushinwa riziyemeza guhuza umutungo w’inganda, guteza imbere ivugurura ry’imiterere, no guhindura uburyo bw’iterambere, kuzamura ubumwe bw’inganda, no kwagura uruhare mpuzamahanga no guhangana.

Mu 2001, Wuxi Suntech yashyizeho umurongo utanga ingufu za 10MWp (megawatt).Muri Nzeri 2002, umurongo wa mbere wa 10MW w’izuba ry’izuba ryashyizwe ku mugaragaro, ku buryo ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro bungana n’imyaka ine ishize y’izuba ry’igihugu.Ikinyuranyo mu nganda mpuzamahanga zifotora cyaragabanutseho imyaka 15.
Kuva 2003 kugeza 2005, itwarwa nisoko ryu Burayi, cyane cyane isoko ry’Ubudage, Suntech na Baoding Yingli bakomeje kwagura umusaruro.Andi masosiyete menshi yashyizeho imirongo ikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, ibyo bikaba byaratumye ubwiyongere bukabije bw’umusaruro w’izuba mu Bushinwa.
Mu 2004, Sino-Silicon Hi-Tech, yashinzwe na Luoyang Monocrystalline Silicon Plant hamwe n’Ubushinwa Nonferrous Design Institute, yigenga yigenga ibice 12 by’amashyanyarazi agabanya ingufu za polycrystalline.Hashingiwe kuri ibi, mu 2005, niwo mushinga wa mbere w’imbere wa toni 300 polycrystalline silicon.Byarangiye bigashyirwa mubikorwa, byafunguye intangiriro yiterambere rikomeye rya polysilicon mubushinwa.
Mu 2007, Ubushinwa bwabaye igihugu gitanga imirasire y'izuba cyane, kandi umusaruro wacyo wavuye kuri 400MW muri 2006 ugera kuri 1088MW.
Muri 2008, Ubushinwa butanga ingufu z'izuba zageze kuri 2600MW.
Muri 2009, Ubushinwa butanga ingufu z'izuba zageze kuri 4000MW.
Mu mwaka wa 2006, ku isi umusaruro w’izuba buri mwaka wari 2500MW.
Mu 2007, umusaruro w’izuba ku isi ku mwaka wari 4.450MW.
Mu mwaka wa 2008, umusaruro w’izuba buri mwaka ku isi wari 7.900MW.
Mu mwaka wa 2009, umusaruro w’izuba ku isi ku mwaka wari 10.700MW.
Muri Werurwe 2013, Urukiko rw’Abaturage rw’Umujyi wa Wuxi rwasohoye itangazo ruvuga ko Wuxi Suntech Solar Power Co., Ltd. idashobora kwishyura imyenda ikwiye kandi igategeka guhomba no kuvugurura amategeko.
Mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2015, agaciro k’umusaruro w’inganda zikora amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa zirenga miliyari 200.Muri byo, umusaruro wa polysilicon ni toni 105.000, wiyongereyeho 20% umwaka ushize;umusaruro wa silicon wafer ni hafi miliyari 6.8, kwiyongera kurenga 10% umwaka ushize;umusaruro w'utugari ni 28GW, kwiyongera kurenga 10% umwaka-ku-mwaka;module isohoka ni 31GW, umwaka-ku-mwaka Kwiyongera 26.4%.Inyungu yinganda zifotora zazamutse cyane, kandi amasano yose murwego rwinganda yiyongereye cyane.Mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2015, ibicuruzwa by’amafoto y’Ubushinwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, kubaka sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi, inyungu z’amasosiyete n’izindi nzego byagiye bitera imbere.Muri byo, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa bikomeye bifotora nka silikoni wafer, selile izuba hamwe na modules byageze kuri miliyari 10 USD.Ubushobozi bushya bwo gufotora bushya bugera kuri 10.5GW, bwiyongereyeho 177% umwaka ushize, muri bwo sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi igera kuri 6.5GW.[4-5]

 
Ikibazo cya tekiniki
Kugeza ubu, ubushakashatsi bwigenga n’iterambere ry’amasosiyete y’amafoto y’Ubushinwa muri rusange ntabwo akomeye.Ibikoresho nyamukuru bya semiconductor nibikoresho bitumizwa mu mahanga.Ikibazo cya tekiniki cyabujije cyane iterambere ry’inganda zifotora amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa.
Mu ruganda rwose rw’amafoto y’amashanyarazi, urwego rw’ikoranabuhanga rupakira n’igishoro ni rwo ruto cyane, bituma havuka amasosiyete arenga 170 apakira mu Bushinwa mu gihe gito, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo gupakira butarenze kilowati miliyoni 2.Nyamara, kubera kuzamuka kwibiciro byibikoresho fatizo hamwe nubushobozi bwo gupakira birenze, ayo masosiyete ahanini afite inyungu nke kandi ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa ntiburinganiye.
Ugereranije, abakora imirasire y'izuba nka Wuxi Suntech na Nanjing Zhongdian Photovoltaic, biri hejuru yurwego rwinganda kandi bifite ikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere, bameze neza cyane.Benshi muribo bakora ibisekuruza byambere bya kristaline yizuba hamwe nibikorwa bihamye kandi nibicuruzwa byingenzi kumasoko.
Nyamara, kwisi, ibicuruzwa bituruka ku mirasire y'izuba bigenda biva mu gisekuru cya mbere bijya mu gisekuru cya kabiri.Ingano yibikoresho bya silicon ikoreshwa muri selile yizuba ya selile yibicuruzwa byo mu gisekuru cya kabiri ni bike cyane, kandi igiciro cyacyo kimaze kuba gito ugereranije n’izuba ry’izuba.Mu maso y’inzobere, ingirabuzimafatizo zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba zizahangana cyane n’izuba rya kristaline.
Kong Li, umushakashatsi w'ikigo cy’amashanyarazi y’ishuri rikuru ry’ubumenyi n’Ubushinwa akaba na visi perezida w’umuryango w’ingufu z’ingufu z’Ubushinwa, yemeza ko hari itandukaniro rinini hagati y’Ubushinwa n’ibihugu by’amahanga mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe n’iterambere ry’izuba rya kirisiti selile niterambere ryizuba rito-firime izuba, byibuze imyaka 10 inyuma.
Abafite rekodi yisi ku buhanga bwa Photovoltaque ni amasosiyete yo hanze.Kurugero, Kyocera Ubuyapani bwatangije ingirabuzimafatizo yizuba ya polycrystalline silicon ifite ingufu za 18.5%;Sanyo Ubuyapani bukoresha imirasire y'izuba ivanze ikozwe muri sisitemu yo mu bwoko bwa silicon silicon na amorphous silicon yoroheje ya firime ifite ingufu za 22%;United Solar Isosiyete ikora neza ya amorphous silicon yoroheje ya firime yizuba hamwe na micron yo murwego rwa micron urwego rwicyuma kuko insimburangingo ifite ibyiza byuburemere bworoshye kandi bworoshye ugereranije nibindi bigo byikirahure bikomeye byizuba.
Ikoranabuhanga rya Photovoltaque kwisi rikomeje gutera intambwe, kandi ibiciro byinganda bikomeje kugabanuka.“Raporo y’iterambere ry’amafoto y’Ubushinwa 2007” yavuze ko hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rikomeje kwaguka ndetse n’inganda zikomeza kwaguka mu nganda, biteganijwe ko ibiciro by’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi biteganijwe guhangana n’ingufu zisanzwe nyuma ya 2030 kandi bigahinduka uburyo rusange bwo gukoresha ingufu.
Muri Kongere n’imurikagurisha ry’isi 2007 ryabereye i Beijing muri Nzeri, Visi Perezida w’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ingufu z’izuba akaba n’umujyanama w’Ubuyapani Kyocera Corporation Yukawa Yui yatangaje ko Ubuyapani buteganya kugabanya ibiciro by’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi ahwanye na 2010, 2020 na 2030 Ku rwego rwa 1.5 Yuan, 0,93 Yuan na 0.47 Yuan kuri kilwati.Nk’uko ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu kibiteganya, amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi ku isi azaba angana na 2% y’amashanyarazi yose muri 2020, na 20% -28% muri 2040.

 
Inkunga ya Politiki
Iterambere ry’inganda zifotora mu Bushinwa ziri mu bihe byiyongera.Niba ishobora guca mu mbogamizi muri politiki n'ikoranabuhanga, byanze bikunze izagira ejo hazaza.Cui Rongqiang, umuyobozi w'ikigo cy’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba akaba n'umugenzuzi wa dogiteri muri kaminuza ya Shanghai Jiaotong, yemeza ko leta iriho igomba gushimangira ubuyobozi bwa politiki hagamijwe guteza imbere inganda kugabanya icyuho n’urwego mpuzamahanga rwateye imbere.
Ubwa mbere, tegura gahunda yo hagati yigihe kirekire nigihe kirekire ufite intego yo "guhinga isoko ryamafoto yumuriro no guteza imbere inganda zifotora", kandi ugasobanura neza kandi ukanonosora igipimo cyokugura amashanyarazi ashobora kuvugururwa nibikoreshwa byingenzi.
Icya kabiri, shishikariza abasivili kurubuga rwa interineti.Dushingiye ku bunararibonye bw’amahanga, gutangiza buhoro buhoro no gushyira mu bikorwa “gahunda y’ifoto y’amafoto” kugira ngo hamenyekane ingufu z’amashanyarazi mu miterere y’ingufu z’igihugu.
Icya gatatu, shiraho amafaranga yihariye yo gushyigikira no gushyira mubikorwa politiki yo kugabanya no gusonerwa mumafaranga no gusora.Kurugero, kuri ubu, amafaranga adasanzwe avanwa ku giciro cy’amashanyarazi mu gihugu kugeza ku nganda zifotora;hagamijwe guteza imbere ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu turere dukennye, igice cy'inkunga ya leta, igice cy'inkunga y'inganda, n'inkunga ku biciro, n'ibindi.
Icya kane, wigire kuburambe bwinyubako zisanzwe mubihugu byateye imbere bigomba kuba bifite uburambe mubicuruzwa bifotora, kandi ugashyira mubikorwa politiki ikaze yingufu zizuba mubigo rusange ninyubako za leta mubice byateye imbere.
Icya gatanu, shyigikira urwego rwo hejuru-rwinshi rwa silikoni yinganda zibisi, kugabanya igiciro cyama selile yifoto, hanyuma wihutishe kugabanya ibiciro no kuzamura iterambere ryamashanyarazi ya fotora.
Kubura impano
Mu mashuri makuru y’imyuga arenga 1200 mu gihugu hose, ntarenze 30 bashizeho amashanyarazi y’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha amashanyarazi.Porofeseri Dai Yuwei, umuyobozi wa komite nshya ishinzwe ingufu z’amashuri makuru y’ishuri rikuru ry’imyuga muri Minisiteri y’Uburezi, yavuze ko kubera ko mu Bushinwa habuze abakozi bafite ubumenyi buhanitse bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru, mu bisanzwe ari ngombwa gushaka abanyeshuri barangije ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imashini yubuhanga nubundi buhanga, kandi ubatoze nkuko bikenewe.Inganda nyinshi zifotora zikenera impano zubuhanga zifite ubuhanga, kandi icyuho kinini gikenewe byihutirwa kuzuzwa nabanyeshuri barangije imyuga.
Umuntu ushinzwe uruganda ruzwi cyane rw'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba na we yagize ati: Inganda zifotora ziratera imbere, kandi imirima ikoresha ingufu z'izuba iragenda yaguka, ariko hari bagenzi babo babigize umwuga, kandi ikinyuranyo cy'umwaka ni 200.000.

isoko ryo hanze

Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2007, agaciro k’isoko ry’amasosiyete y’amafoto y’Abashinwa yashyizwe ku rutonde muri Amerika yageze ku rwego rwo hejuru, agera kuri miliyari 32 z’amadolari y’Amerika.Uyu munsi, umubare w’urutonde wiyongereye ugera kuri 11, ariko agaciro k’isoko ni miliyari 2 z'amadolari ya Amerika gusa, wagabanutse hejuru ya 90% uhereye ku mpinga.Mu mwaka nigice gishize, igitekerezo cyibiciro bya elastique yibicuruzwa bifotora byananiranye rwose, ibiciro byagabanutse cyane, ariko ibyifuzo birakomeye.Xu Min yemera ko impamvu nyamukuru ari politiki ihamye y'inguzanyo ya banki.Nka soko rinini ku isi rifite amafoto y’amashanyarazi, Uburayi burimo ikibazo cy’imyenda ikomeye, imiterere y’inguzanyo irakomeye, kandi isoko ry’amafoto ryifashe nabi.
Byongeye kandi, Itsinda rya Jefferies rivuga ko kubera politiki yo muri Amerika yo kurwanya politiki ebyiri yo kurwanya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu Bushinwa, gusa igihembwe cya mbere cy’uyu mwaka, igihombo cy’amasosiyete y’amafoto y’Abashinwa kubera kurwanya-reaction cyageze kuri miliyoni 120 z’amadolari y’Amerika, ayo akaba ari yo bihwanye namasosiyete y abashinwa akeneye kugurisha 2.4GW module nyinshi kugirango agarure ibyangiritse.
Kugeza ubu, inganda zifotora zahagaritse umusaruro kandi zirahomba, nibindi, kandi biragoye cyane ko ibigo kubona amafaranga kumasoko.Xu Min yavuze ko ibigo bigera ku 10 bifotora bigerageza kujya ahagaragara ariko ntibabigereho.
Nk’uko urubuga rw’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda mu Bushinwa Semiconductor rubitangaza, Xu Min yavuze ko igabanuka ry’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa bifotora byateje umutungo munini ibigo by’amafoto.Mu masosiyete icyenda y’amafoto yabaruwe na Jefferies, igihombo cyo gutakaza umutungo mu gice cya kabiri cy’umwaka ushize cyari hejuru ya miliyari 3.9 USD..
Komisiyo ishinzwe kugenzura ingufu z’ingufu (FERC) iherutse gutangaza ko hiyongereyeho amashanyarazi yo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu Kwakira, mu gihe hari imishinga itanu gusa y’amashanyarazi, yose hamwe ikaba MW 31, munsi ya 20% y’ikigereranyo cya MW 180 buri kwezi muri 2014.
Twabibutsa ko FERC ibara gusa ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ifite akamaro, bityo aya makuru ntabwo akubiyemo uturere dukura “nyuma ya metero”, harimo na sisitemu yo gufotora izuba hejuru y'amazu, ubucuruzi, n'amashuri.
N'ubwo iterambere ryihuta ry’imishinga ifotora amashanyarazi kuri iki cyiciro, biteganijwe ko isoko ry’amashanyarazi mu gihugu hose riziyongera kugera kuri 6.5 GW muri 2014, ryiyongereyeho 36% guhera mu 2013, bigatuma ingufu z’izuba zirenga gaze karemano nk’isoko rinini ry’amashanyarazi mashya .
Isosiyete 10 yambere y’amahanga yashyizwe ku rutonde n’amasosiyete y’amafoto y’Abashinwa
Ibigo 10 bya mbere bifite isoko ryinshi mu isoko ry’inganda mu mafoto y’Ubushinwa mu mahanga (amakuru yo ku ya 13 Kanama 2012)
TOP 1: GCL-Poly Isoko agaciro: miliyari 18.3 (HKD) = miliyari 2.359 (USD)
TOP 2: Isoko ry'izuba rya Trina Agaciro: miliyoni 389 (USD)
TOP 3: Yingli Isoko ry'ingufu z'icyatsi Agaciro: miliyoni 279 (USD)
TOP 4: Isoko ry'izuba rya Jingao Agaciro: miliyoni 204 (USD)
TOP 5: Suntech Power market agaciro: miliyoni 197 (USD)
TOP 6: Saiwei LDK agaciro k'isoko: miliyoni 192 (USD)
TOP 7: Yuhui Sunshine Isoko agaciro: miliyoni 135 (USD)
TOP 8: Artus Solar Isoko Agaciro: miliyoni 127 (USD)
TOP 9: Hanwha Isoko Rishya ry'ingufu Agaciro: miliyoni 97.130 (USD)
TOP 10: Agaciro k'isoko rya JinkoSolar: miliyoni 57.9092 (USD)…

amakimbirane

Nyakanga 2012
Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi y’Ubushinwa yemeje ko yatangije Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika mu bijyanye na polysilicon n’iperereza ryo kurwanya imyanda kuri Koreya yepfo.
Ugushyingo 2012
Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi y’Ubushinwa yafashe icyemezo cyo gukora iperereza rirwanya inkunga ndetse n’iperereza ryo kurwanya ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bituruka ku muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, kandi bizakora iperereza rihuriweho n’iperereza ryakozwe na “double anti” ku bicuruzwa bya polysilicon byatangijwe na Amerika na Koreya y'Epfo.
Bitewe n’ikibazo cy’imyenda y’uburayi no kurinda ubucuruzi bw’ibihugu byinshi, amasosiyete y’amafoto y’Abashinwa yagize igihombo kinini.Muri bo, Savi yatakaje miliyoni zirenga 400 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu gice cya mbere cy'umwaka wa 2012, naho Suntech Power yatakaje miliyoni 180 z'amadolari y'Amerika muri Q2 muri 2012.
Komisiyo y’Uburayi yatangaje ku ya 4 ko Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi uzashyiraho umusoro w’agateganyo wo kurwanya ibicuruzwa biva mu mafoto y’amashanyarazi akorerwa mu Bushinwa guhera ku ya 6 Kamena. Igipimo cy’imisoro mu mezi abiri ya mbere kizaba 11.8% hanyuma nyuma kizamuka kigere kuri 47.6%.
Komisiyo y’Uburayi mu itangazo ryayo yavuze ko, urebye ko izatanga itangwa ry’ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku mafoto mu gihe gito, komite yafashe icyemezo cyo gushyira mu bikorwa imisoro y’agateganyo mu ntambwe ebyiri.Guhera ku ya 6 Kamena, Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi uzashyira mu bikorwa umusoro w’agateganyo wa 11.8%.Nyuma y'itariki ya 6 Kanama, igipimo cy'umusoro kizazamuka kigere kuri 47,6%, mu gihe ikigereranyo cy'umusoro kiri 37.2% kugeza kuri 67.9%.
Komiseri w’ubucuruzi w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, De Gucht, mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru yavuze ko igipimo cy’imisoro y’agateganyo kizakomeza amezi 6 kugeza mu Kuboza, nyuma yaho Komisiyo y’Uburayi izemeza niba hashyirwaho umusoro uhoraho ku bicuruzwa bifotora bikorerwa mu Bushinwa.Igiciro kimaze gushyirwaho, igiciro kizakomeza imyaka 5.
Icyakora, kuri uwo munsi, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (AFASE) woherereje De Gucht ibaruwa ifunguye isaba icyemezo cyayo cyo guhagarika imisoro.Iyo baruwa yavuze ko ibikorwa bya komisiyo y’Uburayi bizatuma ingufu z’izuba zitwara amafaranga arenze amakara cyangwa ingufu za kirimbuzi, ibyo bigatuma ingufu z’izuba zisukuye zidasimburwa n’ingufu zanduye.Iyo baruwa yashimangiye igira iti: “Imihindagurikire y’ibihe ni ikibazo gikomeye ku gisekuru cyacu, kandi ingufu z'izuba zihenze ni intwaro ikomeye yo guhangana n'iki kibazo.”
Bisabwe n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi Ushyigikira ingufu z’izuba (EU ProSun), Komisiyo y’Uburayi yatangije iperereza ryo kurwanya guta no kurwanya inkunga ku ngirabuzimafatizo zikomoka ku zuba zikomoka mu Bushinwa muri Nzeri na Ugushyingo 2012.
De Gucht yavuze ko Komisiyo y’Uburayi yemera ko igipimo cyo kujugunya amasosiyete y’amafoto y’Abashinwa ku isoko ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi agera kuri 112,6%, kandi urugero rw’ibyangiritse ku bicuruzwa bifotora by’ibihugu by’Uburayi ni 67.9%.Komisiyo y’Uburayi yizera kandi ko ibicuruzwa by’Ubushinwa byateje umubare utari muto w’amasosiyete y’amafoto y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi guhomba kandi bigira ingaruka ku mahirwe y’akazi agera ku 25.000 muri EU.
Komisiyo y’Uburayi yasabye ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi gushyiraho umusoro w’agateganyo wo kurwanya ibicuruzwa biva kuri 47,6% ku bicuruzwa bifotora by’Ubushinwa.Nk’uko amakuru abitangaza, iki cyifuzo cyarwanyijwe n’ibihugu 18 bigize uyu muryango.
Rong Sili, umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe ibibazo by’uburayi mu Bushinwa Trina Solar, yavuze ko amahoro y’agateganyo yo kurwanya ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga yashyizweho n’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, yaba 11.7% cyangwa 47,6%, azagira ingaruka mbi cyane ku masosiyete afitanye isano n’Ubushinwa n’Uburayi. .Yavuze ati: “Abakiriya bacu b'Abadage bagereranije ko niba igipimo cy’imisoro y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi gishyizwe ku kigero cya 15%, noneho 85% by’ubucuruzi bwabo bishobora gutakara.”
De Gucht yagize ati: “Komisiyo y’Uburayi izahora yiteguye gutangira ibiganiro n’abashoramari bo mu Bushinwa bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ndetse n’inganda zishinzwe ubucuruzi.Niba impande zombi zishobora kubona igisubizo kiboneye, amahoro y'agateganyo azahagarika gukusanywa. ”
Kuri iyi ngingo, Rong Sili yagize ati: "Nibyo koko, isosiyete yacu yishimiye ibiganiro nk'ibi, ariko ibi bisaba umurava w'impande zombi."[6-8]
Ku ya 4 Kamena 2013, Komisiyo y’Uburayi yatangaje ko Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi uzashyiraho umusoro w’agateganyo wo kurwanya imyanda ingana na 11.8% ku mirasire y’izuba ndetse n’ibikoresho by’ingenzi byakorewe mu Bushinwa guhera ku ya 6 Kamena. Niba Ubushinwa n’Uburayi binaniwe kumvikana mbere y’itariki ya 6 Kanama, igipimo cy’imisoro yo kurwanya ibicuruzwa kizazamuka kugera kuri 47,6%.

Wuxi Suntech: Chairman Shi Zhengrong
Jiangxi Saiwei: Umuyobozi Peng Xiaofeng
Itsinda rya Yingli: Umuyobozi Miao Liansheng
Itsinda rya Jingao: Umuyobozi Jin Baofang
Artus: Umuyobozi Qu Xiaohua
Trina Solar: Chairman Gao Jifan
Hanwha Ingufu nshya: Chairman Nan Shengyou
Yuhui Sunshine: Chairman Li Xianshou
JinkoSolar: Umuyobozi Li Xiande
Nanjing CLP: Umuyobozi Lu Tingxiu
Nigute imishinga yubushinwa ifotora amashanyarazi isubiza "double anti"
Ku bijyanye n’uko amasosiyete y’amafoto y’Abashinwa agomba guhangana na “dual-reverse” yo muri Amerika, abantu benshi mu nganda bashyize ahagaragara ingamba zo “kuzenguruka inyanja”.Mubyukuri, ingamba zo kwagura mumahanga zigomba guhinduka ingamba ndende kumasosiyete yubufotozi yubushinwa.Niba hari “double anti” cyangwa idahari, bigomba gukorwa muburyo buteganijwe;byongeye kandi, guverinoma nkuru nayo igomba gutanga inkunga ihagije kugirango nayo ishobore guha igihugu gihagije Kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze by’ivunjisha.Ibi bimaze kuvugwa mbere.Icyakora, nka rwiyemezamirimo, twakagombye kumenya ko gushinga uruganda mumahanga ari ibintu bigoye kandi birebire, bisaba ubushakashatsi bwitondewe no gufata ibyemezo neza.Niba ari ukubera "opposition ebyiri", icyemezo gifatwa byihuse, kandi birashobora kuba bibi.Byongeye kandi, hari ingamba zo guhangana n'izamuka ry'ibiciro biterwa no gushinga inganda mu mahanga.
Icyakora, ni ngombwa cyane ko amasosiyete y’amafoto y’Ubushinwa yifashisha igabanuka ry’ubu mu nganda zifotora, akongerera imbaraga vuba bishoboka, akongerera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingaruka, no kuzamura ikoranabuhanga n’urwego rw’inganda, nicyo gisubizo nyacyo.Dore ibyifuzo bitatu:
Tugomba gushira amanga tekinoloji yigenga yo guhanga udushya mu Bushinwa
Nubwo Ubushinwa nigihugu kinini gikora amashanyarazi, ntabwo aricyo gihugu gikomeye gikora amashanyarazi.Dufashe urugero rwa polysilicon y'ubu, igiciro cyo kugurisha mu mahanga mu Bushinwa cyaragabanutse kugera kuri 150.000 Yuan / toni, kandi haracyari inyungu, ariko amasosiyete hafi ya yose yo mu Bushinwa arashobora guhagarika umusaruro.Nibisubizo byo kwishingikiriza ku ikoranabuhanga ryo hanze.Nyamara, ubushinwa bwubukorikori mu myaka yashize bwakusanyije udushya twinshi.Mubyukuri, ibigo byinshi byateje imbere "tekinoroji ihendutse, ikora neza" ikorana buhanga bwo gukora amafoto.Kurugero, uburyo bwa PM uburyo bwo kweza polysilicon bwakozwe na Shanghai Provo burashobora kugabanya igiciro kugera kuri 60.000 yuan / toni mugihe cyera cya 99.99995%, ni 1 / 2,5 gusa byigiciro cyuburyo bwa Siemens polysilicon mumahanga.Imbuto idafite kristu itera imbuto imwe ya kristu ya tekinoroji ikorwa na Shanghai Pro ntabwo iri hejuru cyane mu mikorere ahubwo inaba igiciro gito, kandi isanzwe iri kumwanya mpuzamahanga.Amashyiga ane ya polycrystalline silicon ingot itanura muri Shanghai Provo ifite itanura rimwe risohora kg 3,200.Ingufu zikoreshwa kuri ingot ziri munsi ya 5 kWh / kg.Ubwiza bwibinyampeke buruta ubw'ibikoresho byo mu Burayi no muri Amerika.Ibi birerekana ko ibikoresho byubushinwa gukora no gutunganya ubushakashatsi nubushobozi bwiterambere bimaze kuba kurwego mpuzamahanga.Mugihe gito cyibihe byugarije ibibazo, mugihe cyose amasosiyete yubufotozi yubushinwa akoresha ashize amanga akoresheje ubwo buryo bushya bwo guhanga udushya mu guhanga udushya, ashize amanga ashimangira ibyo yagezeho mu ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu, kandi yigenga yatezimbere ibicuruzwa byiza bifotora kandi bikoresha ingufu, birashobora kurushaho kugabanuka cyane ibiciro byo gukora amafoto.Muri Mata 2013, umushinga wa Wuhan Aowei Energy “Umushinga wo hejuru wo gukwirakwiza ingufu z'amashanyarazi” watsindiye igihembo cyihariye cya zahabu mu imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rya 41 ryabereye i Geneve kandi ni kimwe mu bihembo bitatu bidasanzwe bya zahabu byeguriwe n'intumwa z'Ubushinwa.