I-Photovoltaic (inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla elanga ephotovoltaic)

Ifotovoltaic:

Sisishunqulelo seSolar Power System.Luhlobo olutsha lwenkqubo yokuvelisa amandla esebenzisa umphumo we-photovoltaic wezixhobo ze-solar cell semiconductor ukuguqula ngokuthe ngqo amandla emitha yelanga kumandla ombane.Inomsebenzi ozimeleyo kwaye Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuqhuba kwigridi.
Ngelo xesha, ulwahlulo lweenkqubo zokuvelisa amandla elanga photovoltaic, enye iphakathi, ezifana neenkqubo ezinkulu zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic emntla-ntshona;enye isasazwe (> 6MW njengomda), ezifana nemizi-mveliso kunye neshishini leshishini leesistim zokuvelisa amandla ombane ophahleni lwephotovoltaic, uphahla lwezindlu zokuhlala ezisistim sombane wephotovoltaic.
Igama lesiTshayina: photovoltaic Igama langaphandle: photovoltaic
Igama elipheleleyo: Inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla eSolar photovoltaic Umgangatho: Inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla ohlobo olutsha

inkqubo intshayelelo

Umphumo welanga we-photovoltaic, obizwa ngokuba yi-photovoltaic (PV) ngokufutshane, uyaziwa nangokuthi i-photovoltaic effect (Photovoltaic), ebhekisela kwinto enokwenzeka umahluko phakathi kweengxenye ze-semiconductor engabonakaliyo okanye inhlanganisela ye-semiconductor kunye nesinyithi. xa kukhanyisiwe.
I-Photovoltaic ichazwa njengokuguqulwa ngokuthe ngqo kwamandla e-ray.Kwizicelo eziphathekayo, ngokuqhelekileyo ibhekisela ekuguquleni amandla elanga kumandla ombane, oko kukuthi, i-photovoltaic yelanga.Ukuphunyezwa kwayo ikakhulu ngokusetyenziswa kweepaneli zelanga ezenziwe nge-silicon kunye nezinye izinto ze-semiconductor, usebenzisa ukukhanya ukuvelisa ngoku ngokuthe ngqo, njengamaseli elanga kuyo yonke indawo ebomini bethu bemihla ngemihla.

Itekhnoloji ye-Photovoltaic ineenzuzo ezininzi:

umzekelo, ayinawo nawaphi na amalungu ashukumayo oomatshini;ayifuni nayiphi na "i-fuel" ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga, kwaye inokusebenza phantsi kokukhanya kwelanga kunye nemitha ye-oblique;kwaye ikwaluncedo kakhulu kwaye ibhetyebhetye kukhetho lwesiza, Uphahla kunye neendawo ezivulekileyo esixekweni zingasetyenziswa.Ukususela ngo-1958, i-solar photovoltaic effect isetyenziswe okokuqala kwindawo yokunikezelwa kwamandla e-satellite ngendlela yeeseli zelanga.Namhlanje, ukusuka kumbane wemitha yokupaka ngokuzenzekelayo ukuya kwipaneli yelanga ephahleni, ukuya kwiziko elikhulu lokuvelisa amandla elanga, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwintsimi yokuvelisa amandla kuye kwasasazeka kwihlabathi lonke.
Amandla elanga luhlobo lwamandla olukhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye imarike yamandla elanga nayo yenze inkqubela enkulu kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo.Ngokwedatha, ngokusekwe kumndilili wonyaka ofakelweyo umthamo wenkqubo yelanga, imarike yelanga yehlabathi inezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiweyo lonyaka le-47.4%, ukusuka ku-598MW ngo-2003 ukuya kuma-2826MW ngo-2007. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngo-2012, umyinge wonyaka ofakiweyo Umthamo weenkqubo zelanga unokunyusa ngakumbi ukuya ku-9917MW, kwaye intengiso yeshishini lelanga lilonke linganyuka ukusuka kwi-17.2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2007 ukuya kwi-39.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2012. Lo mfutho wokukhula ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwemfuno yemarike yehlabathi, ukwanda amaxabiso okutya kunye neenkuthazo ezahlukeneyo zikarhulumente.
Kwamanye amazwe amakhulu ehlabathi, ngakumbi iJamani, i-Italiya, iSpain, iUnited States, iFransi, kunye noMzantsi Korea, urhulumente wobumbano, oorhulumente bamazwe, kunye neearhente zoorhulumente basekhaya bangenise kubasebenzisi bokugqibela bemveliso yelanga ngendlela yerhafu. ukubuyiselwa kwemali, iikhredithi zerhafu kunye nezinye izikhuthazo, abasasazo, abahlanganisi benkqubo kunye nabavelisi babonelela ngenkxaso-mali kunye nenkuthazo yezoqoqosho ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga kwizicelo ezixhunyiwe kwigridi kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kweminye imithombo yamandla.Nangona kunjalo, iinkampani zamandla kawonke-wonke zemveli ezinamandla amakhulu ezopolitiko zinokuzama ukutshintsha umthetho ofanelekileyo kwiimarike zazo, ezinokuba nefuthe elibi kuphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa korhwebo lwamandla elanga.
Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo, ngenxa yemeko yezopolitiko nezoqoqosho engazinzanga kwiindawo ezininzi ezivelisa ioli kunye negesi emhlabeni jikelele, oorhulumente abaninzi bathatha amanyathelo asebenzayo ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwabo kumandla angaphandle.Amandla elanga anika isisombululo esinomtsalane kakhulu sokuvelisa amandla, kwaye asiyi kwenza ukuxhomekeka okunzulu kumandla angaphandle.Ukongeza, imiba ekhulayo yokusingqongileyo kunye nemingcipheko yokutshintsha kwemozulu ehambelana nokuveliswa kwamandla efosili iye yadala inkuthazo yezopolitiko ebangele ukuba urhulumente aphumeze izicwangciso zokunciphisa i-greenhouse gas ejolise ekunciphiseni i-carbon dioxide kunye nokunye ukukhutshwa kwegesi.Amandla elanga kunye namanye amandla avuselelekayo anokunceda ukusombulula ezi ngxaki zokusingqongileyo.
Oorhulumente behlabathi jikelele baye baphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo eyahlukeneyo yokukhuthaza uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga kunye namanye amandla avuselelekayo.Amazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, amanye amazwe ase-Asia, e-Australia, eKhanada kunye namazwe amaninzi ase-United States kunye namanye amazwe aseLatin America akhuphe imigaqo-nkqubo yamandla avuselelekayo.Inkuthazo yemali kubathengi ibandakanya izaphulelo zeendleko zenkunzi, iintlawulo ezinyanzelekileyo zephotovoltaic feed-in kunye neekhredithi zerhafu.

Iifotovoltaics

Umsebenzi kaLi Hejun othi “INkokeli yaseTshayina: Inguquko yesiThathu yoShishino eTshayina” (emva koku ebizwa ngokuba “yiNkokeli yaseTshayina”) [1] luqheliselo lwe “The Third Industrial Revolution” kwithiyori yaseTshayina, kunye nobuchule bokuyila bubonelela ngenkokeli yaseTshayina. photovoltaic revolution.Iza kukwazi ukusombulula imiqobo yamandla kunye nokukhuthaza inguqu kwezoqoqosho, eyindlela engundoqo yophuhliso oluzinzileyo lwase-China.
"Amandla aphambili asetyenziswa luluntu kwixesha elizayo ayisayi kuba ngamalahle, ioyile okanye igesi yendalo, kodwa amandla elanga."U-Li Hejun ukholelwa ukuba "ukuphuhlisa ngamandla ishishini elitsha lamandla, ngakumbi imboni ye-photovoltaic, iya kuba yithuba le-China."
"I-China ehamba phambili" ichaza intsingiselo yenguqu yamandla amatsha ehlabathi, ishwankathela amava kunye nezifundo zaseYurophu, eUnited States, eJapan, eSouth Korea, njl. kulo mba, kudityaniswe ne "Made in China" practice ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 yohlaziyo kunye nokuvula kunye nembali yophuhliso tortuous kushishino Chinese photovoltaic Kwaye ukuziqhelanisa, iingqiqo kunye nokucinga, ezoqoqosho nezentlalo, zoshishino kunye noshishino, ii-angles zangoku nezexesha elizayo, kwaye kuxoxwe ngokubanzi izicwangciso, amaqhinga, imigaqo-nkqubo kunye amanyathelo ekufuneka iChina iwathathe kulo mjikelo wenguqu kwezoshishino, ngaloo ndlela yenza uMgwebo ohamba phambili kwihlabathi.
“Eyona Iphambili YaseTshayina” iye yankqenkqeza phambili kuludwe lweencwadi ezahlukahlukeneyo ukususela oko yapapashwayo.Ngokutsho kwengxelo yoluhlu lwencwadi kaNovemba ka-2013 epapashwe yi-arhente yesithathu yokubeka iliso "Ukukhulula" kwishishini leencwadi, "i-China eNkokelelwayo" ibe kuluhlu lweencwadi zezoqoqosho kwiiveki ezimbini ezilandelelanayo ukususela ekudwelisweni kwayo ekuqaleni kukaNovemba ka-2013. umshicileli, “Oyena uKhokelayo waseTshayina” iye yapapashwa ukususela ngoNovemba, kwaye kwinyanga enye iye yaba yintshatsheli yokuthengiswa kwencwadi yeCITIC Publishing.Ngokutsho kwengxelo kaDisemba 7, 2013, i-“Beijing News” ithi, “Oyena Ubalaseleyo WaseTshayina” uye wagqwesa “Kwiindaba ZaseBeijing” “kuLudwe Lweziqholo Zeencwadi” kwiincwadi zolawulo lwezoqoqosho.
Umbhali u-Li Hejun ubizwa ngamajelo eendaba njenge "ingcali yezoshishino, usomashishini oyingcali", le ncwadi iphumelele umongameli ohloniphekileyo we-Peking University National Development Institute, owayesakuba ngusoqoqosho oyintloko we-World Bank uLin Yifu, i-economist edumileyo uFan Gang, "Ishishini leSithathu" "Umbhali uJeremy Rifkin, owayesakuba ngumhleli-oyintloko we "Economic Daily", umseki we-brand China Ai Feng, kunye nomhleli-oyintloko we "Economic Reference News" uDu Yuejin, wanconywa njengencwadi "yesithathu ye-industrial revolution" Olona qheliselo lubalaseleyo lwembono eTshayina.

Amacandelo

Indibano yephaneli ye-photovoltaic sisixhobo sokuvelisa amandla okwenza umbane othe ngqo xa ukhanyisa ukukhanya kwelanga.Iqukethe iiseli ezinqabileyo eziqinileyo ze-photovoltaic ezenziwe phantse ngokupheleleyo kwizinto ze-semiconductor (ezifana ne-silicon).Ekubeni kungekho nxalenye esebenzayo, inokuqhutywa ixesha elide ngaphandle kokubangela nayiphi na ilahleko.Iiseli ze-photovoltaic ezilula zinokunika amandla kumawashi kunye nezibalo, kunye neenkqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-photovoltaic zinokubonelela ngokukhanyisa izindlu kunye namandla egridi.Amacandelo ephaneli ye-Photovoltaic angenziwa kwiimo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye amacandelo anokudibaniswa ukuze enze amandla amaninzi.Zombini uphahla kunye nezakhiwo ziya kusebenzisa iindibano zephaneli ye-photovoltaic, kwaye zisetyenziswe njengenxalenye yeefestile, izibane zezulu, okanye izixhobo zokukhusela.Olu fakelo lwe-photovoltaic luhlala lubizwa ngokuba ziinkqubo ze-photovoltaic eziqhotyoshelwe kwizakhiwo.
Imeko yangoku kunye namathemba

Ukunciphisa ubuhlwempu ngefotovoltaic
Ukususela ngo-2015, i-Feidong County, iPhondo lase-Anhui lizamile kwaye lityale i-8.55 yezigidi ze-yuan ekuphunyezweni kwe-photovoltaic yokunciphisa intlupheko, kwaye yakha ukuhanjiswa okuhlangeneyo (usapho) kwiilali ezi-5 ezihlwempuzekileyo, amakhaya angama-225 ahluphekileyo kunye nama-80 "amathathu-akukho" ngokugqithisileyo. amakhaya ahluphekayo kwingingqi.310 izikhululo zamandla e-photovoltaic.[3]

Amandla esola

inzuzo
① Akukho ngozi yokudinwa;
②Ikhuselekile kwaye ithembekile, akukho ngxolo, akukho ngcoliseko, ihambelana ngokupheleleyo nokusingqongileyo (akukho ngcoliseko);
③ Ayikhawulelwanga kulwabiwo lwezibonelelo, kwaye inenzuzo yokuba intle ngelixa ifakwe kuphahla lwesakhiwo;
④Uveliso lwamandla kwisiza kunye nombane ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amafutha kunye nokuseta iintambo zothumelo;
⑤Umgangatho ophezulu wamandla (ngoku, izinga eliphezulu lokuguqulwa kwilabhoratri lifikelele ngaphezu kwe-47%);
⑥Abasebenzisi kulula ukwamkela ngokweemvakalelo nothando kakhulu;
⑦ Ixesha lokwakha lifutshane, kwaye ixesha elithathwayo ukufumana amandla lifutshane;
⑧ Ngokombono wokhuseleko lwelizwe, ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kunokuqonda ukubonelelwa kwentsapho ngokwayo, ukuphepha ukutshatyalaliswa okubangelwa yimfazwe.

Iingxaki
① Isixhobo sokusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga kufuneka sibe nendawo enkulu.
②Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga kuchatshazelwa yimozulu kunye nemini nobusuku.
③Izithintelo zobuchwephesha zikhokelela kumlinganiselo ophantsi wokusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye notyalo-mali oluphezulu lwezixhobo.
④Ukusetyenziswa kweebhetri zokugcina amandla elanga kuya kuzisa ungcoliseko olukhulu.

Ngenxa yokunyuka kwemfuno yamazwe ngamazwe yeeseli ze-solar photovoltaic, amashishini amaninzi asekhaya aye abe yi-photovoltaic cell OEM iifektri ze-OEM, kwaye athathe eli thuba ukuqhubeka nokukhula nokuphuhlisa.Umgaqo-nkqubo omtsha wamandla waseUnited States unika ithuba elihle kwiinkampani zasekhaya ze-photovoltaic ukuphuhlisa.Ezinye iinkokeli zoshishino lwasekhaya ziye zaqalisa ukuseka ii-subsidiaries e-United States ukuba zivumelane neeprojekthi zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic kwaye zingene ngenkuthalo kwimarike yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic yendawo.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuba i-China ayisebenzisi ngokubanzi iteknoloji yokuvelisa amandla elanga ye-photovoltaic, iingxaki zamandla eziqubisana nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho lwaseTshayina ziya kuba zibi ngakumbi.Iingxaki zamandla ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kuba ngumqobo omkhulu kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwaseTshayina.I-China lelinye lamazwe atyebileyo kwimithombo yamandla elanga.I-China inendawo eyinkqantosi ye-1.08 yezigidi zeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha, isasazwe ikakhulu kummandla osemntla-ntshona kunye nemithombo yokukhanya eninzi.Indawo enye yesikwekhilomitha inokufakwa kunye ne-100 megawatt photovoltaic arrays, enokuvelisa i-150 yezigidi ze-kilowatt-iiyure ngonyaka;ukuba i-1% yentlango iphuhlisiwe kwaye isetyenziswe, inokuvelisa umbane olingana nonyaka wonke we-2003 e-China.Kwimimandla emininzi enjengomntla weTshayina nakwimimandla engaselunxwemeni, ukukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka kungaphezu kweeyure ezingama-2 000, yaye iHainan iye yafikelela ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-2 400, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ibe lilizwe elinobutyebi belanga.Ingabonwa ukuba i-China ineemeko zendawo yokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweteknoloji yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic.
Urhulumente waseTshayina uye wakhupha eminye imigaqo-nkqubo malunga nophuhliso lwamandla amatsha.Phakathi kwabo, "Isaziso sokuPhunyezwa kweProjekthi ye-Golden Sun Demonstration" esanda kukhutshwa yiyona nto ikhangele amehlo.Isaziso sigxile ekuxhaseni ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kwicala lomsebenzisi-icala lomsebenzisi, ukuveliswa kwamandla ephotovoltaic ngokuzimeleyo, ukuveliswa kombane we-photovoltaic omkhulu oqhagamshelwe kwigridi kunye nezinye iiprojekthi zokubonisa, kunye noshishino lweeteknoloji eziphambili zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic ezifana nokuhlanjululwa kwezinto ze-silicon. kunye nokusebenza okuqhagamshelwe kwigridi kunye nolwakhiwo lwezakhono olusisiseko olunxulumeneyo.Isidanga kunye nobume bophuhliso lwemarike bumisela isilingi senkxaso-mali yotyalo-mali kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zokubonisa.Kwiiprojekthi zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic ezidityanisiweyo kwigridi, ngokomgaqo, i-50% yotyalo-mali lulonke lwenkqubo yokuvelisa umbane we-photovoltaic kunye neeprojekthi zayo ezixhasayo zokusasaza kunye nokuhanjiswa kwazo ziya kuxhaswa;phakathi kwabo, iinkqubo ezizimeleyo zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic kwiindawo ezikude ngaphandle kombane ziya kuxhaswa kwi-70% yotyalo-mali lulonke;Ezona projekthi zingundoqo zophuhliso lobugcisa kunye nolwakhiwo lwezakhono zixhaswa ikakhulu ngezaphulelo kunye nenkxaso-mali.
Lo mgaqo-nkqubo ukhuthaza i-China ukuba ibe yi-solar photovoltaic powerhouse powerhouse evela kwi-photovoltaic cell foundry.Ngeli thuba lembali, imingeni ejongene neenkampani ze-photovoltaic zasekhaya ngokwenene zinzima kakhulu.Kuphela ngokuqhubeka nokuphucula umgangatho weemveliso ze-photovoltaic kunye nokuvula amajelo okuthengisa asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe sinokuwasebenzisa kakuhle amathuba kwaye senze amashishini abe mkhulu kwaye anamandla.

Amandla elanga aneempawu zokuvuselela kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo.Olu ncedo lukhokelele amazwe amaninzi, kuquka neTshayina, ukuba athathe amandla elanga njengeshishini elitsha eliphambili lamandla.Iimveliso ze-photovoltaic kwilizwe laseTshayina zinikezelwa ikakhulu kwiimarike zaseYurophu naseMelika, kwaye isabelo semarike yasekhaya sincinci kakhulu.Ngenxa yokunyuka kweemfuno zemarike eYurophu nase-United States, ishishini le-photovoltaic lase-China liphumelele uphuhliso olukhawulezayo, kunye nesantya sokukhula sonyaka esingaphezulu kwe-40% kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo.Kwimeko yokwanda kwenkxaso evela kwimigaqo-nkqubo, amathuba okukhula okuzayo kwishishini le-photovoltaic liya kuba libanzi.
Ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi komsinga, ikhonkco lokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic ikakhulu libandakanya amatyathanga emizi-mveliso abandakanya i-polysilicon, ii-silicon wafers, izilayi zebhetri kunye nezinto zebhetri.Kumxokelelwane woshishino, ukusuka kwipolysilicon ukuya kumacandelo ebhetri, umda wobugcisa wemveliso uya usiba sezantsi naphantsi, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, inani leenkampani liyanda.Ngoko ke, inzuzo ye-photovoltaic industry chain igxininiswe kakhulu kwikhonkco yokuvelisa i-polysilicon ephezulu, kwaye inzuzo yeenkampani eziphezulu zingcono kakhulu kunezantsi.
Okwangoku, inzuzo evela kwimveliso ye-polysilicon kwilizwe lase-China yenza isahlulo esiphezulu senzuzo epheleleyo yeemveliso zemodyuli yokugqibela yebhetri, efikelela malunga ne-52%;inzuzo ye-akhawunti yokuvelisa imodyuli yebhetri malunga ne-18%;Malunga ne-17% kunye ne-13%.
Ukususela ngo-2008, ixabiso le-polysilicon liqalise ukuhla kakhulu.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ixabiso lendawo yepolysilicon yasekhaya lehlile ukusuka kwi-500 yeedola / kg ukuya kwi-100-150 yeedola / kg.Idatha ka-2012 yi-US $ 18 ~ 30 / kg.
Ukwandiswa komthamo wePolysilicon kukhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye ukukhula okucothayo kwimfuno yeyona nto ibangela ukuba amaxabiso ehle.Ngokutsho kwe-iSuppi's forecast, ngo-2009, ukunikezelwa kwepolysilicon yehlabathi jikelele kuya kuphinda kabini, ngelixa ukunyuka kwemfuno kuphela ngama-34%.Ngoko ke, ixabiso le-polysilicon linokuwela ngakumbi.I-iSuppi yade yathi ngo-2010, ixabiso lepolysilicon liza kuhla liye kwi-100 yeedola / kg, nto leyo eya kunciphisa kakhulu inzuzo yababoneleli bepolysilicon.
Ukuhla kwamaxabiso e-polysilicon kuya konyusa inzuzo yabavelisi beeseli, kodwa ishishini elisulungekileyo le-silicon wafer nalo libeka umngcipheko omkhulu.Nokuba ngumboneleli wepolysilicon onyukayo okanye umenzi weseli osezantsi, akukho bunzima bobugcisa ekwenzeni isilicon.Xa zombini phezulu nasezantsi kungena kwishishini le-silicon wafer ngaxeshanye, inzuzo yeli tyathanga leshishini le-silicon wafer licudiswa kakhulu.
Ishishini le-photovoltaic laseTshayina lenze ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso elipheleleyo.Ngo-2009, imveliso ye-polysilicon e-China yadlula iitoni ezingama-20,000, kwaye imveliso yeeseli zelanga idlula i-4,000 MW.Ibe lelona lizwe likhulu ehlabathini iminyaka emithathu ilandelelana.
NgoMeyi 2010, i-China Photovoltaic Industry Alliance yasekwa, itsala amashishini angama-22 asekhaya e-photovoltaic backbone, imibutho yoshishino kunye namaziko ophando ukuba ajoyine.I-China Photovoltaic Industry Alliance igxininise ekukhokeleni ukuqulunqwa okuhlangeneyo kweshishini, ukukhuthaza izicelo, kunye nophuhliso olusemgangathweni, imigaqo-nkqubo yophando ekhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kweshishini le-photovoltaic, kunye nokwandisa inkxaso yokuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kunye nokuphuculwa kwezoshishino.I-China Photovoltaic Industry Alliance iya kuzibophelela ekudibaniseni izixhobo zoshishino, ukuqhubela phambili ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo, kunye nokuguqula iindlela zophuhliso, ukuqinisa ukubambisana kwezoshishino, kunye nokwandisa impembelelo yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokukhuphisana.

Ngo-2001, iWuxi Suntech yaseka ngempumelelo i-10MWp (megawatt) umgca wokuvelisa iiseli zelanga.NgoSeptemba ka-2002, umgca wokuqala we-Suntech we-10MW wokuveliswa kweeseli zelanga wafakwa ngokusesikweni kwimveliso, kunye nomthamo wemveliso olingana nenani elipheleleyo leminyaka emine edlulileyo yemveliso yesizwe yeseli yelanga.I-gap kwi-industry photovoltaic yamazwe ngamazwe iyancipha ngeminyaka eyi-15.
Ukususela ngo-2003 ukuya ku-2005, eqhutywa yimarike yaseYurophu, ngakumbi imarike yaseJamani, i-Suntech kunye ne-Baoding Yingli zaqhubeka nokwandisa imveliso.Ezinye iinkampani ezininzi ziye zaseka imigca yokuvelisa iiseli zelanga, nto leyo ekhokelele ekukhuleni ngokukhawuleza kokuveliswa kweeseli zelanga eChina.
Kwi-2004, i-Sino-Silicon Hi-Tech, ehlanganiswe ngokudibeneyo yi-Luoyang Monocrystalline Silicon Plant kunye ne-China Nonferrous Design Institute, iphuhlise ngokuzimeleyo izibini ze-12 zokunciphisa amandla okunciphisa i-polycrystalline silicon.Ngokusekelwe kule nto, kwi-2005, yayiyiprojekthi yokuqala yasekhaya ye-300-toni ye-polycrystalline yokuvelisa i-silicon.Igqitywe yaza yasetyenziswa, eyavula isandulela sophuhliso olukhulu lwepolysilicon eTshayina.
Ngo-2007, iChina yaba lilizwe elivelisa ezona seli zelanga, kwaye imveliso yayo yatsiba ukusuka kuma-400MW ngo-2006 ukuya kwi-1088MW.
Ngo-2008, ukuveliswa kweeseli zelanga eChina kwafikelela kuma-2600MW.
Ngo-2009, ukuveliswa kweeseli zelanga eChina kwafikelela kuma-4000MW.
Ngo-2006, imveliso yonyaka yeeseli zelanga yayingama-2500MW.
Ngo-2007, imveliso yonyaka yeeseli zelanga ibe yi-4,450MW.
Ngo-2008, imveliso yonyaka yeeseli zelanga ibe yi-7,900MW.
Ngo-2009, imveliso yonyaka yeeseli zelanga emhlabeni yayiyi-10,700MW.
NgoMatshi ka-2013, iNkundla yaBantu ePhakathi yeSixeko saseWuxi yakhupha isibhengezo esithi iWuxi Suntech Solar Power Co., Ltd. ayinako ukuhlawula amatyala afunekayo kwaye yagweba ngokutshona kunye nohlengahlengiso ngokomthetho.
Kwiikota ezintathu zokuqala ze-2015, ixabiso elipheleleyo lemveliso ye-photovoltaic yemveliso ye-photovoltaic yaseChina idlule i-yuan ye-200 yeebhiliyoni.Phakathi kwabo, ukuphuma kwe-polysilicon malunga neetoni ze-105,000, ukwanda kwe-20% ngonyaka;i-silicon wafer output imalunga ne-6.8 yeebhiliyoni zamaqhekeza, ukwanda okungaphezulu kwe-10% unyaka nonyaka;imveliso yeseli imalunga ne-28GW, ukwanda okungaphezulu kwe-10% ngonyaka;imveliso yemodyuli imalunga ne-31GW, unyaka nonyaka Ukonyuka kwe-26.4%.Inzuzo yamashishini e-photovoltaic iye yaphuculwa kakhulu, kwaye zonke izixhumanisi kwikhonkco lezoshishino ziye zanda kakhulu.Kwiikota ezintathu zokuqala ze-2015, iimveliso ze-photovoltaic zaseChina zingenisa kwaye zithumela ngaphandle, ukwakhiwa kwesikhululo samandla esisezantsi, inzuzo yenkampani kunye nezinye iinkalo ziye zaphuculwa.Phakathi kwazo, ixabiso lokuthumela ngaphandle kweemveliso ezinkulu ze-photovoltaic ezifana ne-silicon wafers, iiseli zelanga kunye neemodyuli zifikelele kwi-US $ 10 yebhiliyoni.Umthamo we-photovoltaic osanda kufakwa malunga ne-10.5GW, ukunyuka kwe-177% ngonyaka, apho isikhululo samandla esiphantsi simalunga ne-6.5GW.[4-5]

 
Ingxaki yobugcisa
Okwangoku, uphando oluzimeleyo kunye namandla ophuhliso lweenkampani ze-photovoltaic zaseChina ngokuqhelekileyo azinamandla.Izinto eziphambili zesemiconductor kunye nezixhobo zithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle.I-bottleneck yobugcisa ithintele kakhulu uphuhliso lweshishini le-photovoltaic laseChina.
Kulo lonke ikhonkco loshishino lwe-photovoltaic, umda weteknoloji yokupakisha kunye nenkunzi yeyona nto iphantsi, okubangelwa ukuvela kweenkampani zokupakisha ezingaphezu kwe-170 e-China ngexesha elifutshane, kunye nomthamo wokupakisha ongekho ngaphantsi kwe-2 yezigidi ze-kilowatts.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto ezikrwada kunye nomthamo wokupakisha ogqithisileyo, ezi nkampani zinengeniso encinci kwaye umgangatho wemveliso awulingani.
Xa sithetha ngokuthelekisayo, abavelisi beeseli zelanga ezifana neWuxi Suntech kunye neNanjing Zhongdian Photovoltaic, ezikumantla ekhonkco loshishino kwaye zinetekhnoloji ephucukileyo, zingcono kakhulu.Uninzi lwazo luvelisa isizukulwana sokuqala iiseli ze-crystalline zelanga ezinomsebenzi ozinzile kwaye ziyimveliso eqhelekileyo kwimarike.
Nangona kunjalo, kwihlabathi, iimveliso zeeseli zelanga zitshintsha ukusuka kwisizukulwana sokuqala ukuya kwisizukulwana sesibini.Ubungakanani bezinto ze-silicon ezisetyenziswe kwiiseli zelanga zefilimu ezincinci zemveliso yesizukulwana sesibini zincinci kakhulu, kwaye iindleko zabo sele ziphantsi kuneeseli ze-crystalline zelanga.Emehlweni eengcali, iiseli zelanga zefilimu ezincinci ziya kukhuphisana ngokukrakra kunye neeseli ze-crystalline zelanga kwixesha elizayo.
U-Kong Li, umphandi weZiko loBunjineli boMbane we-China Academy of Sciences kunye nosekela-sihlalo we-China Renewable Energy Society, ukholelwa ukuba kukho umsantsa omkhulu phakathi kwe-China kunye namazwe angaphandle kuphando olulandelayo kunye nophuhliso lwe-crystalline solar. iiseli kunye nophuhliso lweeseli zelanga ezinqabileyo zefilimu, ubuncinane iminyaka eyi-10 ngasemva.
Umnini werekhodi yehlabathi yeteknoloji ye-photovoltaic ngokusisiseko ziinkampani zangaphandle.Ngokomzekelo, i-Kyocera yaseJapan iqalise i-polycrystalline silicon cell solar kunye ne-photoelectric conversion performance ye-18.5%;I-Sanyo Japan isebenzisa i-hybrid yeseli yelanga eyenziwe nge-crystalline silicon substrates kunye ne-amorphous silicon iifilimu ezincinci ezinokuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-22%;I-United Solar I-silicon ye-amorphous ethambileyo ye-amorphous ye-film ye-solar cell enemicu yentsimbi ye-micron-level njengoko i-substrates ineenzuzo zobunzima obulula kunye nokuguquguquka xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iiseli ze-solar zeglasi eqinile zezinye iinkampani.
Itekhnoloji ye-photovoltaic yehlabathi iyaqhubeka nokwenza impumelelo, kwaye iindleko zeshishini ziyaqhubeka nokuhla."Ingxelo ye-2007 ye-China Photovoltaic Development Report" ichaze ukuba ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yetheknoloji kunye nokwandiswa okuqhubekayo komlinganiselo wezoshishino, iindleko zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic kulindeleke ukuba zikhuphisane namandla aqhelekileyo emva kwe-2030 kwaye ibe yindlela eqhelekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Kwi-World Solar Congress ye-2007 kunye noMboniso owawubanjelwe eBeijing ngoSeptemba, iSekela likaMongameli we-International Solar Energy Society kunye nomcebisi waseJapan Kyocera Corporation uYukawa Yui wazisa ukuba iJapan iceba ukunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic ngokulinganayo kwi-2010, i-2020 kunye ne-2030. Kwinqanaba le-1.5 yuan, 0.93 yuan kunye ne-0.47 yuan ngekWh.Ngokutsho kwe-International Energy Agency's forecast, ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kwihlabathi kuya kwenza i-2% yokuveliswa kwamandla ewonke ngo-2020, kunye ne-20% -28% ngo-2040.

 
Inkxaso yoMgaqo-nkqubo
Uphuhliso lwemboni ye-photovoltaic yaseChina kwixesha elikhulayo.Ukuba inokuthi ikhuphe imiqobo yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye neteknoloji, ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuba nekamva elingenamkhawulo.UCui Rongqiang, umlawuli we-Institute of Solar Energy kunye nomphathi wobugqirha kwiYunivesithi yaseShanghai Jiaotong, ukholelwa ukuba urhulumente wangoku kufuneka aqinise isikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo ukukhuthaza ishishini ukunciphisa i-gap kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lamazwe ngamazwe.
Okokuqala, yenza isicwangciso esiphakathi ukuya kwixesha elide kunye nenjongo "yokuhlakulela imakethe yesicelo se-photovoltaic kunye nokukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwemboni ye-photovoltaic", kwaye ucacise ngokusemthethweni kwaye uhlambulule umlinganiselo wokuthengwa kombane ohlaziyiweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa okubalulekileyo.
Okwesibini, khuthaza abantu ukuba bajonge i-Intanethi.Ukudweba kumava angaphandle, ngokuthe ngcembe uqalise kwaye uphumeze "isicwangciso sophahla lwe-photovoltaic" yokwenene ukuseka ubume bokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic kwisakhiwo samandla kazwelonke.
Okwesithathu, ukuseka inkxaso-mali eyodwa kunye nokuphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo yokunciphisa intlawulo kunye nokukhululwa kwimali kunye nerhafu.Ngokomzekelo, okwangoku, iimali ezikhethekileyo zitsalwa kwiintlawulo zombane wasekhaya kwishishini le-photovoltaic;ukwenzela ukuphuhliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kwiindawo ezihluphekileyo, inxalenye yenkxaso-mali karhulumente, inxalenye yenkxaso yeshishini, kunye nenkxaso kumaxabiso eendleko, njl.
Okwesine, funda kumava ezakhiwo eziqhelekileyo kumazwe athuthukileyo kufuneka abe namava kwiimveliso ze-photovoltaic, kwaye asebenzise imigaqo-nkqubo eqinile yamandla elanga kumaziko oluntu kunye nezakhiwo zikarhulumente kwiindawo eziphuhlisiwe.
Okwesihlanu, ukuxhasa i-high-purity-high-purity ye-silicon ye-raw material industry, ukunciphisa iindleko zeeseli ze-photovoltaic, kwaye emva koko kukhawuleziswe ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokukhuthazwa kwesicelo se-photovoltaic igridi edibeneyo yamandla ombane.
Ukunqongophala kweetalente
Ngaphezulu kwe-1,200 yeekholeji eziphezulu zemisebenzi yezandla kwilizwe lonke, akukho ngaphezu kwama-30 aseke i-photovoltaic power generation application majors.UNjingalwazi uDai Yuwei, usihlalo weKomidi yeMfundo yaMandla eNtsha yeKholeji ePhakamileyo yeSebe lezeMfundo, wathi ngenxa yokuba kukho ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi abanobuchule obuphezulu eTshayina, ngokuqhelekileyo kuyimfuneko ukukhangela abaphumelele kwi-elektroniki, ubunjineli bemichiza kunye nezinye iingcali, kwaye uziqeqeshe njengoko kufuneka.Uninzi lweshishini le-photovoltaic lifuna iitalente ezinobuchule ezintsonkothileyo, kwaye umsantsa omkhulu kufuneka uzaliswe ngokungxamisekileyo ngabafundi abaphumelele umsebenzi wobugcisa.
Umntu ophethe inkampani eyaziwayo yamandla elanga naye wathi: Imboni ye-photovoltaic ikhula, kwaye iindawo zokusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga ziba zibanzi kwaye zibanzi, kodwa zimbalwa kakhulu abalingane beengcali, kwaye i-gap yonyaka imalunga ne-200,000.

kwimarike yaphesheya

Ekupheleni kwe-2007, ixabiso lemarike lilonke leenkampani ze-photovoltaic zaseShayina ezidweliswe e-United States zafikelela kwindawo ephezulu, malunga ne-32 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika.Namhlanje, inani loluhlu liye landa ukuya kwi-11, kodwa ixabiso lemarike lilonke liyi-2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zase-US, eliye lawa ngaphezu kwe-90% ukusuka phezulu.Kunyaka odlulileyo kunye nesiqingatha, imfuno yexabiso i-elasticity theory yeemveliso ze-photovoltaic ayiphumelelanga ngokupheleleyo, amaxabiso awile ngokukhawuleza, kodwa imfuno iqinile.UXu Min ukholelwa ukuba esona sizathu siphambili ngumgaqo-nkqubo wetyala weebhanki.Njengeyona marike inkulu ye-photovoltaic yehlabathi, iYurophu ifumana ingxaki enkulu yamatyala, iimeko zetyala ziqinile, kwaye imarike ye-photovoltaic ikwimeko embi.
Ukongeza, i-Jefferies Group iqikelela ukuba ngenxa yomgaqo-nkqubo we-US ochasene nomgaqo-nkqubo ochaphazela ukuthunyelwa kwe-China, kuphela kwikota yokuqala yalo nyaka, ilahleko yeenkampani ze-photovoltaic zaseTshayina ngenxa ye-double-anti-reaction yafikelela kwi-120 yezigidi zeedola zase-US, apho ilingana neenkampani zaseTshayina ezifuna ukuthengisa iimodyuli ezingaphezulu ze-2.4GW ukuze ziFumane umonakalo.
Okwangoku, imboni ye-photovoltaic iyekile ukuvelisa kwaye yahamba ngebhanki, njl., kwaye kunzima kakhulu kumashishini ukufumana imali kwiimarike.U-Xu Min uthe malunga neenkampani ze-photovoltaic ze-10 ziye zazama ukuya esidlangalaleni kodwa azizange ziphumelele.
Ngokutsho kwe-website ye-China Semiconductor Industry Association, u-Xu Min uthe ukuhla kwexabiso leemveliso ze-photovoltaic kubangele umonakalo omkhulu we-asethi kwiinkampani ze-photovoltaic.Phakathi kweenkampani ezisithoba ze-photovoltaic ezibalwe nguJefferies, ilahleko yokunciphisa i-asethi kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka odlulileyo yayiphezulu njenge-US $ 3.9 billion..
I-Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) kutshanje ibhengeze ukongezwa kokuveliswa kwamandla e-utility-grade ngo-Oktobha, ngelixa kukho iiprojekthi ze-photovoltaic ezintlanu kuphela, zizonke ze-31 MW, ngaphantsi kwe-20% ye-avareji yenyanga ye-180 MW kwi-2014.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-FERC ibala kuphela i-utility-grade-grade amandla elanga, ngoko ke ezi datha azibandakanyi ezo ndawo zikhula "emva kwemitha", kubandakanywa neenkqubo ze-photovoltaic ze-solar eziphahleni zamakhaya, amashishini kunye nezikolo.
Ngaphandle kwenkqubela phambili ecothayo yeeprojekthi ze-photovoltaic ezisetyenziswayo kweli nqanaba, imarike ye-photovoltaic yelizwe lonke kulindeleke ukuba inyuke iye kwi-6.5 GW ngo-2014, ukwanda kwe-36% ukusuka kwi-2013, okwenza amandla elanga adlule igesi yendalo njengomthombo omkhulu wokuvelisa amandla amatsha. .
Iinkampani eziphezulu ze-10 zangaphandle ezifakwe kwi-photovoltaic yaseTshayina
Iinkampani eziphezulu ezili-10 ezinemalike enkulu kakhulu kwishishini le-photovoltaic laseTshayina phesheya kolwandle (idatha ukususela nge-13 ka-Agasti ka-2012)
I-TOP 1: Ixabiso le-GCL-Poly Market: 18.3 billion (HKD) = 2.359 billion (USD)
I-TOP 2: Ixabiso leMarike ye-Trina Solar: 389 yezigidi (USD)
I-TOP 3: Ixabiso leMarike ye-Yingli yaMandla oMhlaza: 279 yezigidi (USD)
I-TOP 4: Ixabiso leMarike ye-Jingao Solar: 204 yezigidi (USD)
TOP 5: Suntech Power Market value: 197 million (USD)
TOP 6: Saiwei LDK ixabiso lemarike: 192 yezigidi (USD)
TOP 7: Yuhui Sunshine ixabiso Market: 135 yezigidi (USD)
I-TOP 8: Ixabiso leMarike ye-Artus Solar: 127 yezigidi (USD)
I-TOP 9: Ixabiso leMarike ye-Hanwha yaMandla amatsha: 97.130 yezigidi (USD)
I-TOP 10: Ixabiso lemarike yeJinkoSolar: 57.9092 yezigidi (USD) ...

ingxabano

NgoJulayi 2012
UMphathiswa wezoRhwebo waseChina uqinisekisile ukuba uqalise ityala "eliphindwe kabini" ngokumelene ne-United States kwintsimi ye-polysilicon kunye nophando oluchasene nokulahla uMzantsi Korea.
NgoNovemba 2012
UMphathiswa wezoRhwebo waseTshayina uthathe isigqibo sokwenza uphando oluchasene nenkxaso-mali kunye nophando oluchasene nokulahla i-polysilicon ephuma kumazwe angaphandle ephuma kwi-European Union, kwaye iya kuqhuba uphando oludityanisiweyo kunye nophando "lwe-anti" oluphindwe kabini lweemveliso ze-polysilicon eziqaliswe yi. eUnited States naseMzantsi Korea.
Ukuchatshazelwa yingxaki yamatyala aseYurophu kunye nokukhuselwa kwezorhwebo kumazwe amaninzi, iinkampani zaseTshayina ze-photovoltaic ziye zafumana ilahleko enkulu.Phakathi kwabo, i-Savi ilahlekelwe ngaphezu kwe-US $ 400 yezigidi kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2012, kwaye i-Suntech Power ilahlekelwe yi-US $ 180 yezigidi kwi-Q2 ngo-2012.
IKhomishini yaseYurophu yazisa ngomhla we-4 ukuba i-European Union iya kumisela irhafu yesikhashana yokulwa nokulahla irhafu kwiimveliso ze-photovoltaic eziveliswe e-China ukususela ngo-Juni 6. Ixabiso lerhafu kwiinyanga ezimbini zokuqala liya kuba yi-11.8% kwaye emva koko liya kunyuka kwi-47.6%.
IKomishoni yaseYurophu yathi kwingxelo yokuba, ngokuqwalasela ukuba kuya kuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa okuzinzile kweemveliso ze-photovoltaic kwixesha elifutshane, ikomiti yagqiba ekubeni isebenzise iirhafu zesikhashana kumanyathelo amabini.Ukususela ngomhla we-6 kaJuni, i-EU iya kuphumeza irhafu yexeshana ye-11.8%.Emva komhla wesi-6 ku-Agasti, izinga lerhafu liya kunyuka liye kuma-47.6%, apho umyinge werhafu ube ngama-37.2% ukuya kuma-67.9%.
Umkomishinala wezoRhwebo we-EU uDe Gucht uthe kwinkomfa yeendaba ukuba izinga lerhafu lexeshana liya kugcinwa kwiinyanga ze-6 kude kube nguDisemba, emva koko iKhomishini yaseYurophu iya kuthatha isigqibo sokuba ibeke umrhumo osisigxina kwiimveliso ze-photovoltaic ezenziwe eChina.Nje ukuba kubekwe uluhlu lweerhafu, intlawulo iya kuqhubeka iminyaka emi-5.
Nangona kunjalo, kwangolo suku lunye, i-European Union's Affordable Photovoltaic Union (AFASE) yathumela ileta evulekileyo kuDe Gucht ibiza ukuba isigwebo sayo siyeke ukurhafiswa.Le leta yachaza ukuba izenzo zeKomishoni yaseYurophu ziya kwenza amandla elanga axabise ngaphezu kwamalahle okanye amandla enyukliya, nto leyo eya kwenza amandla elanga acocekileyo angabi nandawo yamandla amdaka.Le leta yabethelela oku: “Ukutshintsha kwemozulu lolona celomngeni lukhulu kwisizukulwana sethu, yaye amandla elanga afikelelekayo sesona sixhobo sinamandla sokuhlangabezana nolu celomngeni.”
Ngesicelo se-European Union Support Solar Energy Organization (i-EU ProSun), iKhomishini yaseYurophu yaqalisa uphando oluchasayo lokulahla kunye ne-anti-subsidy kwiiseli zelanga ezivela eChina ngoSeptemba noNovemba 2012.
UDe Gucht uthe iKomishoni yaseYurophu ikholelwa ukuba izinga lokulahla iinkampani ze-photovoltaic zaseShayina kwiimarike ze-EU ziphezulu njenge-112,6%, kwaye iqondo lomonakalo kwiimveliso ze-photovoltaic ze-EU malunga ne-67,9%.IKhomishini yaseYurophu nayo ikholelwa ukuba iimveliso zaseTshayina ziye zabangela ukuba inani elikhulu leenkampani ze-photovoltaic ze-EU zingabikho kwaye zichaphazele malunga ne-25,000 amathuba emisebenzi kwi-EU.
IKhomishini yaseYurophu iphakamise ukuba amazwe angamalungu e-EU abeke umsebenzi wesikhashana wokulwa nokulahla i-47.6% kwiimveliso ze-photovoltaic zaseTshayina.Ngokutsho kwemithombo, esi siphakamiso sachaswa ngamazwe angamalungu angama-18.
U-Rong Sili, umlawuli wesebe lemicimbi yoluntu yaseYurophu yase-Trina Solar, wathi iirhafu zexeshana ezichasene nokulahla ezibekwe yi-EU, nokuba yi-11.7% okanye i-47.6%, iya kuba nefuthe elibi kakhulu kwiinkampani ezinxulumene ne-China naseYurophu. .Uthe: "Abathengi bethu baseJamani baqikelele ukuba ukuba irhafu ye-EU ibekwe malunga ne-15%, i-85% yeshishini labo inokulahleka."
UDe Gucht uphinde wathi: "IKomishini yaseYurophu iya kuhlala ikulungele ukuqalisa iingxoxo kunye nabathengisi bemveliso ye-photovoltaic yaseTshayina kunye namagumbi afanelekileyo orhwebo.Ukuba omabini amaqela anokufumana isisombululo esifanelekileyo, iirhafu zexeshana ziyakuyeka ukuqokelelwa. ”
Ngokuphathelele oku, uRong Sili uthe: “Ewe, inkampani yethu iyazamkela iintetho ezinjalo, kodwa oku kufuna ukunyaniseka kwawo omabini amaqela.”[6-8]
NgoJuni 4, i-2013, iKomishoni yaseYurophu yazisa ukuba i-EU iya kumisela umsebenzi wesikhashana wokulwa nokulahla i-11.8% kwiipaneli zelanga kunye nezixhobo eziphambili eziveliswe eChina ukususela ngo-6 Juni. irhafu yokulwa nokulahla iya kunyuka iye kuma-47.6%.

Wuxi Suntech: Usihlalo Shi Zhengrong
Jiangxi Saiwei: Usihlalo Peng Xiaofeng
IQela le-Yingli: uSihlalo uMiao Liansheng
Iqela leJingao: USihlalo uJin Baofang
Artus: Usihlalo Qu Xiaohua
I-Trina Solar: uSihlalo uGao Jifan
Amandla amatsha eHanwha: USihlalo uNan Shengyou
Ukukhanya kwelanga kweYuhui: uSihlalo uLi Xianshou
JinkoSolar: USihlalo uLi Xiande
Nanjing CLP: USihlalo uLu Tingxiu
Amashishini e-photovoltaic aseTshayina kufuneka aphendule njani "kwi-anti kabini"
Ngokuphathelele indlela iinkampani zaseShayina ze-photovoltaic kufuneka zijongane ngayo "ne-double-reverse" yase-United States, abantu abaninzi kwishishini baye babeka phambili isicwangciso "sokudlula ulwandle".Enyanisweni, isicwangciso sokwandisa phesheya kufuneka sibe sisicwangciso sexesha elide kwiinkampani zaseShayina ze-photovoltaic.Ingaba okanye akukho "i-anti kabini", kufuneka iqhutywe ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo;ngaphezu koko, urhulumente oyintloko kufuneka kananjalo anike inkxaso eyaneleyo ukwenzela ukuba akwazi ukunika ilizwe ngokwaneleyo Ukuthengisa kumazwe angaphandle koovimba botshintshiselwano lwangaphandle.Oku sele kuthethiwe ngaphambili.Nangona kunjalo, njengosomashishini, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuseka umzi-mveliso phesheya kolwandle ngumcimbi onzima kunye nexesha elide, ofuna uphando olucokisekileyo kunye nokwenza izigqibo ngononophelo.Ukuba nje ngenxa “yokuchaswa kabini”, isigqibo senziwe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye sisenokuba siphosakele.Ngaphezu koko, kukho isicwangciso-qhinga sokujongana nokunyuka kweendleko ezibangelwa kukuseka imizi-mveliso phesheya kolwandle.
Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu kwiinkampani zaseShayina ze-photovoltaic ukuba zisebenzise ukuhla kwangoku kwishishini le-photovoltaic, ukuqinisa amandla abo ngokukhawuleza, ukuphucula amandla abo okumelana neengozi, kunye nokuphucula iteknoloji kunye namanqanaba okuvelisa, okuyiyo impendulo yangempela.Nanga amacebiso amathathu:
Kufuneka sithathe ngenkalipho iteknoloji entsha yaseTshayina ezimeleyo
Nangona i-China lilizwe elikhulu lokuvelisa i-photovoltaic, akusiyo ilizwe elinamandla lokuvelisa i-photovoltaic.Ukuthatha i-polysilicon yangoku njengomzekelo, ixabiso lentengiso yangaphandle e-China liye lancitshiswa laya kwi-150,000 yuan / ton, kwaye kusekho inzuzo, kodwa phantse zonke iinkampani zaseTshayina zinokuyeka imveliso kuphela.Esi sisiphumo sokuthembela kubuchwephesha bamazwe angaphandle.Nangona kunjalo, amava emveliso yaseTshayina kule minyaka idlulileyo aqokelele ubutyebi bezinto ezintsha.Enyanisweni, iinkampani ezininzi ziye zavelisa "iindleko eziphantsi, eziphezulu" zobuchwepheshe bokuvelisa i-photovoltaic.Ngokomzekelo, indlela ye-PM iteknoloji yokucoca i-polysilicon ephuhliswe yi-Shanghai Provo inokunciphisa iindleko ukuya kwi-60,000 yuan / ton phantsi kobunyulu be-99.99995%, eyi-1 / 2.5 kuphela yeendleko ze-Siemens indlela ye-polysilicon phesheya.Itekhnoloji yekristale engenambewu yokuphosa itekhnoloji yekristale enye ephuhliswayo yiShanghai Pro ayiphezulu kuphela ekusebenzeni kodwa ikwaphantsi kweendleko, kwaye sele ikwindawo ehamba phambili kwihlabathi.I-ingot ye-polycrystalline ye-silicon ye-ingot ye-ingot ye-ingot e-Shanghai Provo inemveliso enye ye-3,200 kg.Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwingot nganye kungaphantsi kwe-5 kWh / kg.Umgangatho weenkozo ungcono kunowo wezixhobo ze-ingot zaseYurophu naseMelika.Oku kubonisa ukuba ukuveliswa kwezixhobo zaseTshayina kunye nenkqubo yophando kunye nezakhono zophuhliso sele zikwinqanaba eliphezulu lamazwe ngamazwe.Kwinqanaba elisezantsi lenqanaba lengxaki yangoku, okoko nje iinkampani zaseTshayina ze-photovoltaic zisebenzisa ngenkalipho obu buchwepheshe butsha bokwenza izinto ezintsha ezizimeleyo, ngenkalipho bamkele impumelelo yabo yetekhnoloji yasekhaya, kwaye ngokuzimeleyo baphuhlise iimveliso ze-photovoltaic ezisebenzayo kunye nezonga amandla, zinokunciphisa ngakumbi. iindleko zokuvelisa photovoltaic.Ngo-Epreli wama-2013, iprojekthi ka-Wuhan Aowei Energy “yeNkqubo yokuGxininisa ekuXhoseni kweNdlela yokuVelisa aMandla kuphahla oluPhezulu” iphumelele iwonga legolide elikhethekileyo kuMboniso wama-41 we-Geneva International Invention kwaye yayiyenye yeembasa zegolide ezikhethekileyo ezintathu eziphunyelelwe ngabathunywa baseTshayina.