Photovoltaic (solar photovoltaic simba rekugadzira system)

Photovoltaic:

Ndiyo chidimbu cheSolar Power System.Irwo rudzi rutsva rwemagetsi ekugadzira magetsi anoshandisa photovoltaic effect ye solar cell semiconductor zvinhu kushandura zvakananga simba rezuva rezuva kuita simba remagetsi.Iine basa rakazvimirira uye Pane nzira mbiri dzekumhanya pane grid.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kupatsanurwa kwezuva photovoltaic simba rekugadzira magetsi, imwe inoiswa pakati, yakadai sehombe huru yekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwepasi photovoltaic magetsi ekugadzira magetsi;imwe inogovaniswa (> 6MW semuganho), senge maindasitiri uye bhizinesi bhizinesi padenga repamusoro photovoltaic magetsi ekugadzira masisitimu, yekugara padenga remba photovoltaic magetsi ekugadzira masisitimu.
Zita rechiChinese: photovoltaic Zita rekunze: photovoltaic
Zita rakazara: Solar photovoltaic power generation system Quality: New type power generation system

sisimo yehurongwa

Solar photovoltaic effect, inonzi photovoltaic (PV) kwenguva pfupi, inozivikanwawo se photovoltaic effect (Photovoltaic), iyo inoreva chiitiko chemusiyano unogona kuitika pakati pezvikamu zve-non-uniform semiconductor kana musanganiswa we semiconductor nesimbi. pakavhenekerwa.
Photovoltaic inotsanangurwa sekushandurwa kwakananga kwe ray simba.Mumashandisirwo anoshanda, zvinowanzoreva kushandurwa kwesimba rezuva kune simba remagetsi, kureva, solar photovoltaic.Kuitwa kwayo kunonyanya kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwemagetsi ezuva akagadzirwa nesilicon uye zvimwe semiconductor zvinhu, achishandisa chiedza kuti chibudise zvakananga ikozvino, zvakadai semasero ezuva kwose kwose muupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva.

Photovoltaic tekinoroji ine zvakawanda zvakanaka:

semuenzaniso, haina kana michina inofamba zvikamu;haidi chero "mafuta" kunze kwechiedza chezuva, uye inogona kushanda pasi pezuva rakananga uye oblique radiation;uye zvakare iri nyore kwazvo uye inochinjika kubva pakusarudzwa kwesaiti, Matenga nenzvimbo dzakavhurika muguta dzinogona kushandiswa.Kubva 1958, solar photovoltaic effect yakashandiswa kekutanga mumunda wenzvimbo satellite simba rekupa nenzira yemasero ezuva.Nhasi, kubva pamagetsi emagetsi emotokari otomatiki kusvika padenga re solar panel, kusvika kune yakakura-yakakura simba rekugadzira simba rezuva, kushandiswa kwayo mumunda wekugadzira magetsi kwakapararira pasi rose.
Simba reSolar isimba rinokura nekukurumidza, uye musika wesimba rezuva waitawo budiriro huru mumakore gumi apfuura.Zvinoenderana nedata, zvichibva paavhareji pagore yakaiswa simba resolar system, musika wepasi rose wezuva une huwandu hwekukura kwegore hwe47.4%, kubva pa598MW muna 2003 kusvika 2826MW muna 2007. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti panosvika 2012, avhareji yegore yakaiswa simba remagetsi ezuva rinogona kuwedzera kuwedzera kusvika 9917MW, uye kutengesa kweindasitiri yezuva rose kunogona kuwedzera kubva pamadhora mabhiriyoni 17.2 muna 2007 kusvika kumadhora 39.5 bhiriyoni muna 2012. Uku kukura kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekuwedzera nokukurumidza kwemusika wepasi rose kudiwa, kuwedzera. kudyisa-mumitero uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokurudzira hurumende.
Mune dzimwe nyika huru dzepasirese, kunyanya Germany, Italy, Spain, United States, France, neSouth Korea, hurumende yemubatanidzwa, hurumende dzematunhu, uye masangano ehurumende yemuno vakaisa kune vashandisi vekupedzisira zvigadzirwa zvezuva nenzira yemutero. kudzoserwa, zvikwereti zvemutero uye zvimwe zvinokurudzira, Vaparadzi, vasanganisi vehurongwa uye vagadziri vanopa rubatsiro uye zvinokurudzira zvehupfumi kusimudzira kushandiswa kwesimba rezuva mumagetsi-akabatana maapplication uye kuderedza kutsamira kune mamwe masimba emagetsi.Nekudaro, makambani emagetsi echinyakare ane masimba makuru ezvematongerwo enyika anogona zvakare kuyedza kushandura mutemo unoenderana mumisika yavo, izvo zvinogona zvakare kukanganisa zvakanyanya mukusimudzira uye kushandiswa kwekutengesa kwesimba rezuva.
Asi kazhinji, nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwemamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika uye ehupfumi munzvimbo zhinji dzinogadzira oiri negasi pasi rese, hurumende zhinji dziri kutora matanho anoshanda kuderedza kuvimba kwadzo nesimba rekunze.Simba reSolar rinopa mhinduro inoyevedza yekugadzira magetsi, uye haizogadziri kutsamira kwakakomba kune simba rekunze.Pamusoro pezvo, nyaya dzezvakatipoteredza dziri kuramba dzichiwanda uye njodzi dzekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze dzine chekuita nekugadzirwa kwemagetsi efossil zvakagadzira kukurudzira kwezvematongerwo enyika izvo zvaita kuti hurumende iite nzira dzekudzikisa gasi regreenhouse zvine chinangwa chekudzikisa kabhoni dhiabhorosi uye kumwe kuburitswa kwegasi.Simba rezuva uye mamwe magetsi anogona kugadziridzwa anogona kubatsira kugadzirisa aya matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza.
Hurumende pasi rose dzakashandisa mitemo yakasiyana-siyana yekukurudzira kusimudzira nekushandiswa kwesimba rezuva nemamwe magetsi anovandudzwa.Nyika zhinji dzeEurope, dzimwe nyika dzeAsia, Australia, Canada uye nyika dzinoverengeka dzeUnited States nedzimwe nyika dzeLatin America dzakapa mitemo yesimba rinogoneka.Kukurudzira kwevatengi-centric zvemari kunosanganisira kudzoreredzwa kwemutengo wemari, zvinosungirwa photovoltaic feed-in tariffs uye zvikwereti zvemutero.

Photovoltaics

Basa raLi Hejun "Kutungamira kweChina: The Third Industrial Revolution muChina" (inozonzi "China's Leading One") [1] itsika ye "The Third Industrial Revolution" muChinese dzidziso, uye hunyanzvi hunopa China inotungamira. photovoltaic Revolution.Ichakwanisa kugadzirisa mabhodhoro emagetsi uye kusimudzira shanduko yehupfumi, inova ndiyo nzira yakakosha yebudiriro yeChina.
"Simba guru richashandiswa nevanhu mune ramangwana harichazove marasha, oiri kana gasi rechisikigo, asi simba rezuva."Li Hejun anotenda kuti "kusimbaradza indasitiri yesimba idzva, kunyanya indasitiri yephotovoltaic, ichave mukana weChina."
"A Leading China" inotsanangura mafambiro ekuchinja kwesimba idzva repasi rose, inopfupisa ruzivo uye zvidzidzo zveEurope, United States, Japan, South Korea, nezvimwewo mune izvi, zvakasanganiswa ne "Made in China" maitiro ezvimwe. kupfuura makore makumi matatu ekugadzirisa uye kuvhura uye nhoroondo yekushungurudza kukura kweChinese photovoltaic indasitiri Uye maitiro, pfungwa nekufunga, zvehupfumi uye zvemagariro, maindasitiri uye bhizinesi, azvino uye eramangwana angles, uye akanyatso kukurukura mazano, maitiro, mitemo uye matanho anofanirwa kutora neChina mukutenderera uku kweshanduko yeindasitiri, nokudaro kuita Mutongo unotungamira pasi rose.
“Rinotungamira reChina” ndiro riri pamusoro pemabhuku akasiyana-siyana kubvira pakadhindwa.Sekureva kwaNovember 2013 bhuku rakanyorwa bhuku rakabudiswa nevechitatu-bato rekutarisa agency "Kusunungura" yebhuku indasitiri, "China Inotungamira Imwe" yanga iri pachirongwa chebhuku rehupfumi kwemavhiki maviri akateedzana kubva pakunyorwa kwayo kutanga kwaMbudzi 2013. Maererano ne muparidzi, "China's Leading One" yakadhindwa kubva muna Mbudzi, uye mukati memwedzi mumwe yakave shasha yekutengesa mabhuku eCITIC Publishing.Maererano nemushumo we“Beijing News” waDecember 7, 2013, “Mutungamiriri weChina” ndiye ari pamusoro pe“Beijing News” “Book Fragrance List” yemabhuku ezvehupfumi.
Munyori Li Hejun anodanwa nevezvenhau se "nyanzvi yebhizinesi, nyanzvi muzvinabhizimusi", bhuku iri rakakunda mutungamiri anoremekedzwa wePeking University National Development Institute, aimbova mukuru weWorld Bank economist Lin Yifu, nyanzvi yezvehupfumi yakakurumbira Fan Gang, "The Third Industry "Revolution " munyori Jeremy Rifkin, aimbova mupepeti-mukuru we "Economic Daily", muvambi werudzi rweChina Ai Feng, uye mupepeti-mukuru we "Economic Reference News" Du Yuejin, akarumbidzwa se "bhuku rechitatu remaindasitiri". Maitiro akanakisa eiyo pfungwa muChina.

Zvikamu

A photovoltaic panel assembly isimba rekugadzira magetsi rinogadzira yakananga ikozvino kana yaiswa kuchiedza chezuva.Iyo ine yakaonda yakasimba photovoltaic masero akagadzirwa anenge akazara semiconductor zvinhu (senge silicon).Sezvo pasina chikamu chinoshanda, chinogona kushandiswa kwenguva yakareba pasina kukonzera kurasikirwa.Nyore photovoltaic masero anogona kupa simba rewachi uye calculator, uye zvakanyanya kuoma photovoltaic masisitimu anogona kupa mwenje wedzimba uye simba grid.Photovoltaic panel components zvinogona kuitwa mumhando dzakasiyana, uye zvikamu zvinogona kubatanidzwa kuti zvive nesimba rakawanda.Zvose matenga edzimba uye nzvimbo dzekuvaka dzichashandisa photovoltaic panel assemblies, uye kunyange kushandiswa sechikamu chemahwindo, skylights, kana nhovo dzekudzivirira.Aya mafotovoltaic kuiswa anowanzo kunzi photovoltaic masisitimu akabatanidzwa kune zvivakwa.
Mamiriro azvino uye tarisiro

Photovoltaic urombo kuderedza
Kubva 2015, Feidong County, Anhui Province yakavavarira uye nekudyara 8.55 miriyoni yuan mukushandisa photovoltaic urombo, uye kuvaka yakaunganidzwa (mhuri) kugovera kwe5 misha ine hurombo, 225 mhuri dzevarombo uye makumi masere "vatatu-hapana" zvakanyanya. mhuri dzine urombo mudunhu.310 photovoltaic magetsi zviteshi.[3]

Simba rezuva

advantage
① Hapana njodzi yekuneta;
②Yakachengeteka uye yakavimbika, hapana ruzha, hapana kusvibiswa, yakanyatsoenderana nemhoteredzo (hapana kusvibiswa);
③ Haina kuganhurirwa nekugovewa kwezviwanikwa, uye ine mukana wekuve wakanaka ichiiswa padenga reimba;
④Pa-saiti kugadzirwa kwemagetsi uye magetsi pasina kushandisa mafuta uye kumisikidza mitsara yekufambisa;
⑤Masimba emhando yepamusoro (parizvino, chiyero chepamusoro chekushandura murabhoritari chasvika kupfuura 47%);
⑥Vashandisi vari nyore kugamuchira mupfungwa uye kuda zvakanyanya;
⑦ Nguva yekuvaka ipfupi, uye nguva inotora kuwana simba ipfupi;
⑧ Kubva pakuona kwekuchengetedzwa kwenyika, photovoltaic simba rekugadzira rinogona kuona kugoverwa kwemhuri pachayo, kudzivisa kuparadza kunokonzerwa nehondo.

Zvakaipa
① Iyo solar simba rekushandisa midziyo inofanirwa kuve nenzvimbo yakakura.
②Kushandiswa kwesimba rezuva kunokanganiswa nemamiriro ekunze uye masikati neusiku.
③Technical zvirambidzo zvinokonzeresa kuderera kwesimba rekushandisa, kuderera kwesimba, uye yakakwirira yemidziyo mari.
④Kushandiswa kwemabhatiri ekuchengetedza simba rezuva kuchaunzawo kusvibiswa kukuru.

Nekuda kwekuwedzera kuri kuita kudiwa kwepasirese kwesolar photovoltaic masero, mabhizinesi emumba akawedzera ave mafekitori ephotovoltaic cell OEM, uye tora mukana uyu kuramba uchikura nekuvandudza.Iyo itsva simba mutemo weUnited States inopa mukana wakanaka kumakambani epamba photovoltaic kuvandudza.Vamwe vatungamiriri veindasitiri yepamba vatanga kumisa masangano muUnited States kuti atore mapurojekiti ekugadzira magetsi emagetsi uye nekushingairira kupinda mumusika wekugadzira magetsi emagetsi.
Mukufamba kwenguva, kana China isingashandisi zvakanyanya solar photovoltaic magetsi ekugadzira tekinoroji, matambudziko emagetsi anosangana nekusimudzira hupfumi hweChina anowedzera uye zvakanyanya.Matambudziko emagetsi anozove chipingamupinyi chikuru kubudiriro yehupfumi hweChina.China ndeimwe yenyika dzakapfuma mune zvesimba rezuva.China ine nzvimbo yerenje inosvika 1.08 miriyoni square kilometres, inonyanya kugoverwa mudunhu rekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero ine zviwanikwa zvemwenje zvakawanda.Imwe nzvimbo yekiromita imwe inogona kuiswa ne 100 megawatt photovoltaic arrays, iyo inogona kugadzira mamiriyoni e150 kilowatt-maawa pagore;kana 1% yerenje ikagadzirwa uye ikashandiswa, inogona kugadzira magetsi akaenzana negore rose ra2003 kuChina.Munzvimbo dzakawanda dzakadai sokuchamhembe kweChina nenzvimbo dziri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa, kupenya kwezuva pagore kunopfuura maawa 2 000, uye Hainan yasvitsa maawa anopfuura 2 400, zvichiita kuti ive nyika chaiyo inokwanisa kuwana zuva.Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti China ine geographical mamiriro ekushandiswa kwakapararira kwe photovoltaic power generation technology.
Hurumende yeChina yakapawo mamwe marongero pamusoro pekuvandudzwa kwesimba idzva.Pakati pavo, iyo ichangobva kubudiswa "Chiziviso pamusoro peKuitwa kweGoridhe Zuva Demonstration Project" ndiyo inonyanya kubata maziso.Chiziviso chinotarisa kutsigira mushandisi-parutivi grid-yakabatana photovoltaic simba rekugadzira, yakazvimirira photovoltaic simba rekugadzira, yakakura-yakabatana gidhi-yakabatana photovoltaic simba rekugadzira uye mamwe mapurojekiti ekuratidzira, pamwe neindasitiri yeakakosha photovoltaic magetsi ekugadzira tekinoroji senge silicon kucheneswa kwezvinhu. uye grid-yakabatana mashandiro uye zvine chekuita nekuvaka kugona.Iyo dhigirii uye chimiro chekusimudzira musika chinotarisa iyo unit yekudyara subsidy sirin'i yemapurojekiti akasiyana ekuratidzira.Kune grid-yakabatana photovoltaic magetsi ekugadzira mapurojekiti, mumusimboti, 50% yehuwandu hwekudyara kweiyo photovoltaic simba rekugadzira system uye ayo anotsigira ekufambisa uye kugovera mapurojekiti achapihwa rubatsiro;pakati pavo, yakazvimirira photovoltaic simba rekugadzira masisitimu munzvimbo dziri kure pasina magetsi achapihwa rubatsiro pa70% yehuwandu hwekudyara;Iwo akakosha tekinoroji maindasitiri uye mapurojekiti ekuvaka masimba anonyanya kutsigirwa kuburikidza nekuderedzwa uye rubatsiro.
Iyi mutemo inosimudzira China kuti zvishoma nezvishoma ive solar photovoltaic simba rekugadzira magetsi kubva kune photovoltaic cell foundry.Kune uyu mukana wenhoroondo, matambudziko akatarisana nemakambani epamba photovoltaic akanyanya kuoma.Chete nekuramba tichivandudza mhando yezvigadzirwa zvephotovoltaic uye kuvhura nzira dzekutengesa dzepamba uye dzekunze tinogona kushandisa zvirinani mikana uye kuita kuti mabhizinesi akure uye akasimba.

Simba rezuva rine hunhu hwekuvandudzwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.Mukana uyu waita kuti nyika zhinji, kusanganisira China, dzitore simba rezuva seindasitiri yesimba nyowani.Iyo photovoltaic zvigadzirwa mu mainland China zvinonyanya kupihwa kumisika yeEurope neAmerica, uye chikamu chemusika wepamba idiki kwazvo.Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemusika kudiwa muEurope nekuUnited States, China photovoltaic indasitiri yakawana budiriro nekukurumidza, neavhareji yekukura kwegore inopfuura 40% mumakore mashanu apfuura.Muchirevo chekuwedzera kutsigirwa kubva kumatongerwo enyika, tarisiro yekukura mune ramangwana ye photovoltaic industry ichave yakawanda.
Kubva kumusoro kudzika kusvika pasi, iyo photovoltaic magetsi ekugadzira indasitiri cheni inonyanya kusanganisira macheni emaindasitiri anosanganisira polysilicon, silicon wafers, zvimedu zvebhatiri uye zvikamu zvebhatiri.Mucheni yeindasitiri, kubva ku polysilicon kuenda kumidziyo yebhatiri, iyo tekinoroji chikumbaridzo chekugadzira chiri kudzika nekudzika, uye nekudaro, huwandu hwemakambani huri kuwedzera zvakare.Naizvozvo, purofiti yeiyo yese photovoltaic indasitiri chain inonyanya kuisirwa kumusoro kwepolysilicon yekugadzira link, uye purofiti yemakambani ekumusoro ari nani pane yakadzika.
Parizvino, purofiti kubva mukugadzirwa kwepolysilicon munyika yeChina inoverengera chikamu chepamusoro chepurofiti yezvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira zvebhatiri module, inosvika pa52%;purofiti yekugadzira bhatiri module inokwana 18%;Inenge 17% uye 13%.
Kubva 2008, mutengo wepolysilicon watanga kudonha zvakanyanya.Kusvika parizvino, mutengo wepolysilicon yemumba wakadzikira kubva pamadhora mazana mashanu / kg kusvika pamadhora zana nemakumi mashanu / kg.Iyo data ye2012 iUS $ 18 ~ 30 / kg.
Polysilicon yekuwedzera simba inokurumidza, uye kunonoka kukura mukudiwa ndicho chinhu chikuru chinoita kuti mitengo idere.Zvinoenderana nekufungidzira kwaiSuppi, muna 2009, iyo yepasi rose yepolysilicon inopa yakapetwa kaviri, nepo kuwedzera kwekudiwa kuri 34% chete.Nokudaro, mutengo wepolysilicon unogona kuwira mberi.iSuppi yakatotaura kuti panosvika 2010, mutengo wepolysilicon uchadonha kusvika pamadhora zana / kg, izvo zvichaderedza zvakanyanya purofiti yevanopa polysilicon.
Kudonha kwemitengo yepolysilicon kuchawedzera purofiti yevagadziri vemasero, asi yakachena silicon wafer bhizinesi zvakare inoisa njodzi huru.Kunyangwe iri yekumusoro polysilicon mutengesi kana yakadzika sero inogadzira, hapana matambudziko ehunyanzvi mukugadzira silicon.Kana ese ari maviri kumusoro nekudzika achipinda mubhizinesi resilicon wafer panguva imwe chete, purofiti yeiyi cheni yesilicon wafer bhizinesi inodzvanywa zvakanyanya.
Indasitiri yeChina yephotovoltaic yakagadzira cheni yakakwana yeindasitiri.Muna 2009, kubuda kwepolysilicon muChina kwakapfuura 20,000 matani, uye kubuda kwemasero ezuva kwakapfuura 4,000 MW.Yakave nyika yakakura kwazvo pasi rose sesolar kwemakore matatu akatevedzana.
Muna Chivabvu 2010, iyo China Photovoltaic Indasitiri Alliance yakavambwa, ichikwezva makumi maviri nemaviri emumba mafotovoltaic backbone mabhizinesi, masangano emaindasitiri uye masangano ekutsvagisa kuti vabatane.Iyo China Photovoltaic Indasitiri Alliance inotarisana nekutungamira indasitiri yakabatana hunyanzvi, kusimudzira maapplication, uye kusimudzira kusimudzira, kutsvagisa marongero anokurudzira kusimudzira indasitiri yephotovoltaic, uye kuwedzera rutsigiro rwekuchinja kwekambani tekinoroji uye kusimudzira maindasitiri.Iyo China Photovoltaic Industry Alliance ichave yakazvipira kubatanidza zviwanikwa zveindasitiri, kufambisira mberi kugadziridzwa kwezvimiro, uye kushandura nzira dzekusimudzira, kusimbisa kubatana kweindasitiri, uye kuwedzera pesvedzero yepasirese uye kukwikwidza.

Muna 2001, Wuxi Suntech yakabudirira kumisa 10MWp (megawatt) tambo yekugadzira masero ezuva.MunaGunyana 2002, tambo yekutanga yeSuntech ye10MW yekugadzira masero ezuva yakaiswa mukugadzirwa, iine huwandu hwekugadzira hwakaenzana nehwerengedzo yemakore mana apfuura ekubuda kwenyika solar cell.Iyo gaka mune yepasi rose photovoltaic indasitiri yakapfupikiswa nemakore gumi nemashanu.
Kubva 2003 kusvika 2005, ichitungamirirwa nemusika weEurope, kunyanya misika yeGermany, Suntech neBaoding Yingli vakaramba vachiwedzera kugadzirwa.Mamwe makambani mazhinji akagadzira mitsara yekugadzira masero ezuva, izvo zvakakonzera kukurumidza kukura kwekugadzira solar cell kuChina.
Muna 2004, Sino-Silicon Hi-Tech, yakabatanidzwa neLuoyang Monocrystalline Silicon Plant neChina Nonferrous Design Institute, yakazvimiririra yakagadzira 12 mapeya ekuchengetedza simba epolycrystalline silicon ekudzikisa moto.Zvichienderana neizvi, muna 2005, yaive yekutanga purojekiti yekugadzira 300-ton polycrystalline silicon.Yakapedzwa uye yakaiswa mukushanda, iyo yakavhura nhanganyaya yekukura kukuru kwepolysilicon muChina.
Muna 2007, China yakava nyika inogadzira maseru ezuva zvakanyanya, uye kubuda kwayo kwakasvetuka kubva pa400MW muna 2006 kusvika pa1088MW.
Muna 2008, kugadzirwa kwesolar kweChina kwakasvika 2600MW.
Muna 2009, kugadzirwa kwesolar kweChina kwakasvika 4000MW.
Muna 2006, kuburitsa kwepagore kwepasi rose kwemasero ezuva kwaive 2500MW.
Muna 2007, goho repasi rose remasolar cell raive 4,450MW.
Muna 2008, kuburitswa kwepagore kwepasi rose kwemasero ezuva kwaive 7,900MW.
Muna 2009, goho repagore repasi rose remasero ezuva raive 10,700MW.
Muna Kurume 2013, Wuxi City Intermediate People's Court yakapa chiziviso ichiti Wuxi Suntech Solar Power Co., Ltd.
Muzvikamu zvitatu zvekutanga zvegore ra2015, kukosha kwehuwandu hwekubuda kweindasitiri yekugadzira photovoltaic yeChina hwakapfuura mabhiriyoni mazana maviri eyuan.Pakati pavo, polysilicon yakabuda inenge tani 105,000, kuwedzera kwe20% gore negore;silicon wafer kubuda inenge 6.8 bhiriyoni zvimedu, kuwedzera kweanopfuura 10% gore-pa-gore;sero kubuda inenge 28GW, kuwedzera kweanopfuura 10% gore negore;module inobuda inenge 31GW, gore-pa-gore Kuwedzera kwe26.4%.Iko purofiti yemabhizinesi ephotovoltaic yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya, uye zvese zvinongedzo muketani yeindasitiri zvakawedzera zvakanyanya.Muzvikamu zvitatu zvekutanga zvegore ra2015, zvigadzirwa zveChina zvephotovoltaic zvinounza uye kutumira kunze, kuvakwa kwechiteshi chemagetsi kuzasi, kuita purofiti yemakambani uye mimwe minda yanga ichivandudza.Pakati pavo, kukosha kwekutengesa kunze kwezvinhu zvakakura zvephotovoltaic senge silicon wafers, solar cell uye modules yakasvika US $ 10 bhiriyoni.Iyo ichangobva kuiswa photovoltaic simba inenge 10.5GW, kuwedzera kwe177% gore negore, iyo nzvimbo yemagetsi yepasi inenge 6.5GW.[4-5]

 
Technical dilemma
Parizvino, iyo yakazvimirira yekutsvagisa uye kusimudzira simba remakambani eChina photovoltaic kazhinji haina kusimba.Iyo huru semiconductor mbishi zvinhu uye zvishandiso zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.Iyo tekinoroji bhodhoro yakadzora zvakanyanya kusimudzira kweChina photovoltaic indasitiri.
Mune iyo yose photovoltaic indasitiri cheni, chikumbaridzo chekugadzira tekinoroji uye capital ndiyo yakaderera, zvichikonzera kubuda kweanopfuura 170 makambani ekurongedza muChina munguva pfupi, ine yakazara kurongedza kugona isingasviki 2 miriyoni kilowatts.Nekudaro, nekuda kwekukwira kuri kuita mitengo yezvinhu mbishi uye kuwanda kwekurongedza, makambani aya ane purofiti shoma uye mhando yechigadzirwa haina kuenzana.
Zvichienderana, vagadziri vemasero ezuva vakaita seWuxi Suntech uye Nanjing Zhongdian Photovoltaic, vari kumusoro kweiyo indasitiri ketani uye vane tekinoroji yepamusoro, vari nani zvakanyanya.Mazhinji acho anogadzira ekutanga-chizvarwa checrystalline solar maseru ane kuita kwakagadzikana uye ndiwo akajairika zvigadzirwa pamusika.
Nekudaro, munyika, solar cell zvigadzirwa zviri kuchinja kubva kuchizvarwa chekutanga kuenda kuchizvarwa chechipiri.Huwandu hwezvinhu zvesilicon zvakashandiswa mune yakaonda firimu solar masero echizvarwa chechipiri zvigadzirwa zvakaderera, uye mutengo wavo watove wakadzikira kupfuura iwo wecrystalline solar masero.Mumaziso enyanzvi, matete-firimu ezuva masero anozokwikwidza zvine hukasha necrystalline solar masero mune ramangwana.
Kong Li, muongorori weInstitute of Electrical Engineering yeChinese Academy of Sciences uye mutevedzeri wasachigaro weChina Renewable Energy Society, anotenda kuti pane mukaha mukuru pakati peChina nenyika dzekunze mukutsvagisa nekuvandudzwa kwecrystalline solar. masero uye kuvandudzwa kwemaonda-firimu masero ezuva, angangoita makore gumi kumashure.
Iyo rekodhi yenyika inobata photovoltaic tekinoroji ndeyemakambani ekunze.Semuenzaniso, Kyocera Japan yakatanga polycrystalline silicon solar cell ine photoelectric inoshandura kushanda kwe18.5%;Sanyo Japan inoshandisa hybrid solar cell yakagadzirwa necrystalline silicon substrates uye amorphous silicon mafirimu matete ane photoelectric conversion performance ye22%;United Solar Iyo kambani inochinjika amorphous silicon yakaonda-firimu solar maseru ane micron-level Stainless simbi mitsetse se substrates ine zvakanakira uremu huremu uye kuchinjika zvichienzaniswa nemamwe makambani egirazi yakaoma substrate solar maseru.
Iyo yepasirese photovoltaic tekinoroji inoramba ichiita mabudiro, uye mutengo weindasitiri unoramba uchidzikira.Iyo "2007 China Photovoltaic Development Report" yakataura kuti nekuenderera mberi kwekuenderera mberi kwehunyanzvi uye nekuenderera mberi kwekuwedzera kwemaindasitiri, mutengo wemagetsi ekugadzira photovoltaic unotarisirwa kukwikwidza nemagetsi akajairika mushure me2030 uye kuve nzira huru yekushandiswa kwesimba.
Pa2007 World Solar Congress uye Exhibition yakaitirwa muBeijing munaGunyana, Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weInternational Solar Energy Society uye chipangamazano weJapan Kyocera Corporation Yukawa Yui akazivisa kuti Japan inoronga kudzikisa mutengo wemagetsi ekugadzira photovoltaic kuti aenzane muna 2010, 2020 uye 2030. Pamwero we1.5 yuan, 0,93 yuan uye 0.47 yuan pakWh.Zvinoenderana nekufanotaura kweInternational Energy Agency, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi epasirese kuchaita 2% yemagetsi akazara muna 2020, uye 20% -28% muna 2040.

 
Policy Support
Iko kuvandudzwa kweChina photovoltaic industry iri kukura munguva.Kana ikakwanisa kutyora zvipingamupinyi mugwara uye tekinoroji, ichava neramangwana risingaperi.Cui Rongqiang, director weInstitute of Solar Energy uye doctoral supervisor paShanghai Jiaotong University, anotenda kuti nyika iripo inofanirwa kusimbisa nhungamiro yekusimudzira indasitiri kupfupisa gaka nedanho repamusoro repasi rose.
Kutanga, gadzira chirongwa chepakati-kusvika kwenguva yakareba nechinangwa che "kukudziridza misika yekushandiswa kwe photovoltaic uye kukurudzira kukurudzirwa kwekambani ye photovoltaic", uye kutsanangura zviri pamutemo uye kugadzirisa chikamu chekutenga magetsi ekugadzirisa uye kushandiswa kukuru.
Chechipiri, kurudzira vanhuwo zvavo kuti vavhure Indaneti.Kutora pane ruzivo rwekune dzimwe nyika, zvishoma nezvishoma kutanga uye kushandisa iyo chaiyo "photovoltaic denga chirongwa" kusimbisa mamiriro ekugadzira photovoltaic simba rekugadzira simba renyika.
Chechitatu, gadza mari yekutsigira yakakosha uye shandisa kudzikisa mari uye mitemo yekuregererwa mune zvemari nemutero.Somuenzaniso, panguva ino, mari inokosha inotorwa kubva kumitero yemagetsi epamba kune photovoltaic industry;nokuda kwekuvandudzwa kwesimba re photovoltaic munzvimbo dzine urombo, chikamu chehurumende rubatsiro, chikamu chekutsigira kwebhizimisi, uye kutsigirwa pamitengo yemitengo, nezvimwewo.
Chechina, dzidza kubva pane zvakaitika kune zvivakwa zvakajairwa munyika dzakabudirira dzinofanirwa kuve neruzivo mune zvigadzirwa zve photovoltaic, uye shandisa mitemo yakaoma yesimba rezuva munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji uye zvivakwa zvehurumende munzvimbo dzakabudirira.
Chechishanu, tsigira kumusoro-kuchena kwesilicon raw material indasitiri, kuderedza mutengo we photovoltaic masero, uye wobva wawedzera kuderedzwa kwemutengo uye kushandiswa kwekusimudzira kwe photovoltaic grid-yakabatana magetsi emagetsi.
Kushaikwa kwetarenda
Pakati peanopfuura chiuru nemazana maviri emakoreji epamusoro emabasa epamusoro munyika yose, hapana anopfuura makumi matatu akagadzira photovoltaic magetsi ekugadzira tekinoroji application majors.Muzvinafundo Dai Yuwei, sachigaro weNew Energy Sub-Education Committee yePamusoro Vocational College yeBazi reDzidzo, vakati nekuda kwekushaikwa kwevashandi vane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro muChina, zvinofanirwa kutsvagira vakapedza zvidzidzo zvemagetsi, makemikari engineering uye humwe hunyanzvi, uye vadzidzise sezvinodiwa.Yakawanda yeindasitiri yephotovoltaic inoda matarenda akaomarara, uye gaka rakakura rinoda kuzadzikiswa nekukurumidza nevanopedza kudzidza.
Mumwe munhu anotarisira kambani inozivikanwa yesimba rezuva zvakare akati: Indasitiri ye photovoltaic iri kuwedzera, uye minda yekushandiswa kwesimba rezuva iri kuwedzera uye yakafara, asi kune vashoma vashoma vanoita basa, uye gaka regore negore rinenge 200,000.

musika wemhiri kwemakungwa

Pakupera kwa2007, kukosha kwemusika weChinese photovoltaic makambani akanyorwa muUnited States akasvika pakakwirira, anenge 32 bhiriyoni US madhora.Nhasi, nhamba yezvinyorwa yakawedzera kusvika ku11, asi iyo yose yemusika kukosha ndeye 2 bhiriyoni US madhora, iyo yakawa neanopfuura 90% kubva kumusoro.Mugore rapfuura nehafu, mutengo unoda elasticity theory ye photovoltaic products yakakundikana zvachose, mitengo yakaderera zvakanyanya, asi kudiwa kwave kwakaoma.Xu Min anotenda kuti chikonzero chikuru igwara rechikwereti remabhangi.Semusika mukuru wepasi rose wephotovoltaic, Europe iri kusangana nedambudziko rakakura rechikwereti, mamiriro echikwereti ari kusimba, uye musika wephotovoltaic uri muhurombo.
Mukuwedzera, Jefferies Group inofungidzira kuti nekuda kweUnited States-anti-policy policy inobata kunze kweChina, chikamu chekutanga chegore rino, kurasikirwa kwekambani dzeChinese photovoltaic nekuda kwe-dual-anti-reaction yakasvika mamiriyoni zana nemakumi maviri emadhora ekuAmerica, ayo yakaenzana nemakambani ekuChina anoda kutengesa 2.4GW mamwe mamodule kuitira kuti adzore kukuvara.
Parizvino, iyo photovoltaic indasitiri yakamira kugadzira uye yakaenda kubhuroka, nezvimwewo, uye zvakanyanya kuomera mabhizinesi kuwana mari kubva kumusika.Xu Min akataura kuti nezve 10 photovoltaic makambani akaedza kuenda kuruzhinji asi haana kubudirira.
Maererano newebsite yeChina Semiconductor Industry Association, Xu Min akati kuderera kwemutengo wezvigadzirwa zve photovoltaic kwakakonzera kukanganisa kukuru kweasset kumakambani e photovoltaic.Pakati pemakambani mapfumbamwe ephotovoltaic akaverengerwa naJefferies, kurasikirwa kweasset muhafu yechipiri yegore rapfuura kwaive kwakakwira seUS $ 3.9 bhiriyoni..
Iyo Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) nguva pfupi yadarika yakazivisa kuwedzera kwekushandisa-giredhi rekugadzira magetsi muna Gumiguru, nepo kuchingori mapurojekiti mashanu ephotovoltaic, anosvika makumi matatu neshanu MW, asingasviki makumi maviri muzana eavhareji pamwedzi 180 MW muna 2014.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti FERC inongoverengera utility-giredhi rezuva simba, saka idzi data hadzisanganisi idzo dzinokura "pashure-mamita" nzvimbo, kusanganisira padenga redenga solar photovoltaic masisitimu edzimba, mabhizinesi, uye zvikoro.
Kunyangwe kufambira mberi kunonoka kweutility-level photovoltaic mapurojekiti panguva ino, musika wepasi rose wephotovoltaic unotarisirwa kuwedzera kusvika 6.5 GW muna 2014, kuwedzera kwe36% kubva 2013, zvichiita kuti simba rezuva ripfuure gasi rechisikigo senzvimbo huru yekugadzira magetsi matsva. .
Vepamusoro gumi vekunze vakanyorwa maChinese photovoltaic makambani
Makambani gumi epamusoro ane mari yepamusoro yemusika muChina photovoltaic indasitiri mhiri kwemakungwa (data kubva Nyamavhuvhu 13, 2012)
TOP 1: GCL-Poly Musika kukosha: 18.3 bhiriyoni (HKD) = 2.359 bhiriyoni (USD)
TOP 2: Trina Solar Musika Kukosha: 389 miriyoni (USD)
TOP 3: Yingli Green Energy Market Value: 279 miriyoni (USD)
TOP 4: Jingao Solar Musika Kukosha: 204 miriyoni (USD)
TOP 5: Suntech Power Market kukosha: 197 miriyoni (USD)
TOP 6: Saiwei LDK kukosha kwemusika: 192 miriyoni (USD)
TOP 7: Yuhui Sunshine Musika kukosha: 135 miriyoni (USD)
TOP 8: Artus Solar Musika Kukosha: 127 miriyoni (USD)
TOP 9: Hanwha New Energy Market Value: 97.130 miriyoni (USD)
TOP 10: JinkoSolar kukosha kwemusika: 57.9092 miriyoni (USD) ...

nharo

Chikunguru 2012
Ministry of Commerce yeChina yakasimbisa kuti yakatanga "dual-reverse" nyaya yakatarisana neUnited States mumunda wepolysilicon uye yekupokana-kurasa kuferefeta kuSouth Korea.
Mbudzi 2012
Bazi rezvekutengeserana reChina rakafunga kuita ongororo yeanti-subsidy uye kuferefetwa kwepolysilicon inotengeswa kunze kwenyika kubva kuEuropean Union, uye ichaita ongororo yakabatanidzwa pamwe ne "double anti" ongororo yezvigadzirwa zvepolysilicon zvakatangwa ne United States neSouth Korea.
Yakakanganiswa nedambudziko rechikwereti cheEurope uye kuchengetedzwa kwekutengeserana kwenyika dzakawanda, makambani eChinese photovoltaic akatambura kurasikirwa kukuru.Pakati pavo, Savi yakarasikirwa nemari inodarika US $ 400 miriyoni muhafu yekutanga ya2012, uye Suntech Power yakarasikirwa neUS $ 180 miriyoni muQ2 muna 2012.
IEuropean Commission yakazivisa musi we4 kuti European Union ichaita kuti mutero wenguva pfupi unopesana nekukanda mutero pazvigadzirwa zve photovoltaic zvakagadzirwa muChina kubva munaJune 6. Mutero wemwedzi miviri yekutanga ichava 11.8% uye ipapo ichakwira ku47.6%.
IEuropean Commission yakataura mukutaura kuti, ichifunga kuti ichaita kuti kuve nekugadzikana kwezvigadzirwa zve photovoltaic munguva pfupi, komiti yakasarudza kushandisa mitero yenguva pfupi mumatanho maviri.Kutanga kubva munaJune 6, EU ichashandisa mutero wenguva pfupi we11.8%.Mushure meAugust 6, mutero wemutero uchakwira kusvika ku47.6%, panguva iyo muvhareji wemutero uri 37.2% kusvika 67.9%.
EU Trade Commissioner De Gucht akati pamusangano wehurukuro kuti mutero wenguva pfupi uchachengetwa kwemwedzi mitanhatu kusvika munaDecember, mushure mokunge European Commission ichasarudza kana kuisa mutero usingagumi pazvigadzirwa zve photovoltaic zvakaitwa muChina.Kana mutero waiswa, mutero unoenderera mberi makore mashanu.
Nekudaro, pazuva rimwe chetero, European Union's Affordable Photovoltaic Union (AFASE) yakatumira tsamba yakavhurika kuna De Gucht ichidaidzira kuti mutongo wayo umise mutero.Tsamba yacho yakataura kuti kuita kweEuropean Commission kwaizoita kuti simba rezuva ridhure kupfuura marasha kana simba renyukireya, izvo zvaizoita kuti simba rezuva rakachena risatsiva simba rakasviba.Tsamba yacho yakasimbisa kuti: “Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze ndiro dambudziko guru rechizvarwa chedu, uye simba rezuva rinotengwa naro chombo chine simba chokukunda dambudziko iri.”
Nekukumbira kweEuropean Union Support Solar Energy Organisation (EU ProSun), European Commission yakatanga kuferefeta uye anti-subsidy kuferefeta pamasero ezuva anobva kuChina munaGunyana naNovember 2012.
De Gucht akataura kuti European Commission inotenda kuti kuraswa kwemakambani eChinese photovoltaic kumusika weEU kwakakwira se112.6%, uye dhigirii rekukuvadza kune EU photovoltaic zvigadzirwa zvinenge 67.9%.European Commission inotendawo kuti zvigadzirwa zveChinese zvakakonzera nhamba yakati wandei yeEU photovoltaic makambani kubhuroka uye kukanganisa mikana yemabasa makumi maviri neshanu muEU.
European Commission yakurudzira nyika dzenhengo dzeEU kuti dzitemedze basa renguva pfupi rekupokana ne47.6% pazvigadzirwa zveChinese photovoltaic.Maererano nezvinyorwa, kurudziro iyi yakashorwa nenyika gumi nesere dziri nhengo.
Rong Sili, director weChina's Trina Solar's European public affairs department, akataura kuti mitero yenguva pfupi yekurasa yakatemerwa neEU, ingave 11.7% kana 47.6%, ichakanganisa zvakanyanya makambani ane hukama muChina neEurope. .Iye akati: "Vatengi vedu vekuGerman vakafungidzira kuti kana mutero weEU ukaiswa pa15%, ipapo 85% yebhizinesi ravo inogona kurasika."
De Gucht akatiwo: "European Commission ichagara yakagadzirira kutanga nhaurirano neChina photovoltaic product exporters uye makamuri akakodzera ekutengeserana.Kana mapato ese ari maviri akawana mhinduro kwayo, mutero wenguva pfupi unomira kuunganidzwa. "
Panyaya iyi, Rong Sili akati: “Chokwadi, kambani yedu inotambira hurukuro dzakadai, asi izvi zvinoda kurevesa kwemapato ese.[6-8]
Musi waJune 4, 2013, European Commission yakazivisa kuti EU ichaita basa renguva pfupi rekudzivirira kurasa kwe11.8% pamagetsi ezuva uye zvigadzirwa zvakakosha zvakagadzirwa muChina kubva munaJune 6. Kana China neEurope vakakundikana kusvika pakugadzirisa pamberi paAugust 6, iyo anti-dumping tax rate ichakwira kusvika ku47.6%.

Wuxi Suntech: Sachigaro Shi Zhengrong
Jiangxi Saiwei: Sachigaro Peng Xiaofeng
Yingli Boka: Sachigaro Miao Liansheng
Jingao Group: Sachigaro Jin Baofang
Artus: Sachigaro Qu Xiaohua
Trina Solar: Sachigaro Gao Jifan
Hanwha New Energy: Sachigaro Nan Shengyou
Yuhui Zuva: Sachigaro Li Xianshou
JinkoSolar: Sachigaro Li Xiande
Nanjing CLP: Sachigaro Lu Tingxiu
MaChinese photovoltaic mabhizinesi anofanira kupindura sei kune "double anti"
Nezvekuti maChinese photovoltaic makambani anofanirwa kubata sei ne "dual-reverse" yeUnited States, vanhu vazhinji muindasitiri vakaisa pamberi zano re "kupfuura gungwa".Muchokwadi, iyo mhiri kwemakungwa zano rekuwedzera rinofanira kuve renguva refu zano reChinese photovoltaic makambani.Ingave kana kwete pane "double anti", inofanira kuitwa nenzira yakarongwa;pamusoro pazvo, hurumende yepakati inofanirwa kupawo rutsigiro rwakakwana kuitira kuti igokwanisawo kupa nyika zvakakwana A good export of foreign exchange reserves.Izvi zvakatotaurwa kare.Nekudaro, semuzvinabhizinesi, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kumisa fekitori mhiri kwemakungwa chinhu chakaoma uye chenguva refu, chinoda kunyatso tsvagurudza uye nekungwarira kuita sarudzo.Kana iri nekuda kwe "kupikisa kaviri", sarudzo inoitwa nekukasira, uye inogona kunge isiriyo.Uyezve, pane zano rekubata nekuwedzera kwemitengo inokonzerwa nekumisa mafekitori mhiri kwemakungwa.
Zvisinei, zvinonyanya kukosha kuti makambani eChinese photovoltaic atore mukana wekuderera kwemazuva ano mumhizha ye photovoltaic, kusimbisa simba ravo nokukurumidza sezvinobvira, kuwedzera kukwanisa kwavo kurwisa njodzi, nekuvandudza teknolojia uye mazinga ekugadzira, iyo ndiyo mhinduro chaiyo.Heano mazano matatu:
Tinofanira kushinga kutora tekinoroji yeChina yakazvimirira yekuvandudza tekinoroji
Kunyange zvazvo China inyika yakakura yekugadzira photovoltaic, haisi nyika yakasimba yekugadzira photovoltaic.Tichitora iyo yazvino polysilicon semuenzaniso, mutengo wekutengesa wekunze kuChina wakaderedzwa kusvika 150,000 yuan / ton, uye kuchine purofiti, asi anenge ese makambani eChinese anogona kungomisa kugadzirwa.Ichi ndicho chikonzero chekuvimba nemichina yekunze.Nekudaro, ruzivo rwekugadzira rweChina mumakore apfuura rwakanyatsounganidza hupfumi hwekuvandudza.Kutaura zvazviri, makambani akawanda akagadzira akawanda "yakaderera-yakaderera, yepamusoro-soro" photovoltaic kugadzira technologies.Semuenzaniso, iyo PM nzira yepolysilicon yekuchenesa tekinoroji yakagadziriswa neShanghai Provo inogona kuderedza mutengo kusvika ku60,000 yuan / tani pasi pekuchena kwe99.99995%, inova 1 / 2.5 chete yemutengo weSiemens nzira yepolysilicon kunze kwenyika.Iyo isina mhodzi yekristaro inokanda imwe tekinoroji yekristaro iri kuvandudzwa neShanghai Pro haina kungokwira mukuita zvakanaka asiwo yakaderera mumutengo, uye yatove munzvimbo inotungamira pasi rose.Iyo four-ingot polycrystalline silicon ingot furnace muShanghai Provo ine muchoto mumwe chete wakabuda we3,200 kg.Simba rekushandisa pa ingot risingasviki 5 kWh / kg.Hunhu hwezviyo huri nani pane hweEuropean neAmerica ingot michina.Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kugadzirwa kwemidziyo yeChina nekuita tsvakiridzo nekusimudzira kugona kwatove padanho repamusoro repasi rose.Munzvimbo yakaderera yedanho razvino redambudziko, chero makambani eChinese photovoltaic akashinga kushandisa iyi tekinoroji yekuvandudza yakazvimirira, neushingi kutora yavo yepamba tekinoroji kubudirira, uye vakazvimiririra kukudziridza zvinobudirira uye zvinoponesa simba zvigadzirwa zvephotovoltaic, vanogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kuderedza. photovoltaic kugadzira mari.Muna Kubvumbi 2013, chirongwa cheWuhan Aowei Energy che“High Efficiency Roof Concentrating Power Generation System” chakahwina mubairo wakakosha wegoridhe pa41st Geneva International Invention Exhibition uye waive mumwe wemibairo mitatu yakakosha yegoridhe yakahwinwa nenhumwa dzekuChina.