I-Photovoltaic (uhlelo lokukhiqiza amandla elanga le-photovoltaic)

I-Photovoltaic:

Isifinyezo seSolar Power System.Kuwuhlobo olusha lwesistimu yokukhiqiza amandla esebenzisa umphumela we-photovoltaic wezinto ze-solar cell semiconductor ukuguqula ngokuqondile amandla emisebe yelanga ibe amandla kagesi.Inokusebenza okuzimele futhi Kunezindlela ezimbili zokusebenzisa kugridi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlelo zokukhiqiza amandla e-solar photovoltaic, eyodwa iphakathi, njengezinhlelo ezinkulu zokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-terrestrial;eyodwa isabalalisiwe (> 6MW njengomngcele), njengezinhlelo zokuphehla amandla kagesi ophahleni lwezezimboni nezohwebo, amasistimu okuphehla ugesi we-photovoltaic ophahleni lwezindlu zokuhlala.
Igama lesiShayina: photovoltaic Igama langaphandle: photovoltaic
Igama eligcwele: Uhlelo lokukhiqiza amandla elanga le-photovoltaic Ikhwalithi: Uhlelo olusha lokukhiqiza amandla

isingeniso sesistimu

Umthelela we-solar photovoltaic, obizwa ngokuthi i-photovoltaic (PV) ngamafuphi, waziwa nangokuthi umphumela we-photovoltaic (Photovoltaic), okubhekisela kwinto yomehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwezingxenye ze-semiconductor engalingani noma inhlanganisela ye-semiconductor nensimbi. lapho ekhanyisiwe.
I-Photovoltaic ichazwa njengokuguqulwa okuqondile kwamandla e-ray.Ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo, ngokuvamile kubhekisela ekuguqulweni kwamandla elanga kumandla kagesi, okungukuthi, i-photovoltaic yelanga.Ukuqaliswa kwayo ikakhulukazi ngokusetshenziswa kwamaphaneli elanga enziwe nge-silicon nezinye izinto ze-semiconductor, kusetshenziswa ukukhanya ukuze kukhiqizwe okwamanje, njengamaseli elanga yonke indawo ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke.

Ubuchwepheshe be-Photovoltaic bunezinzuzo eziningi:

isibonelo, ayinazo izingxenye ezihambayo ezinomshini;ayidingi "uphethiloli" ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga, futhi ingasebenza ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kanye nemisebe ye-oblique;futhi ibuye ibe lula kakhulu futhi iguquguquke kusukela ekukhethweni kwesayithi, Uphahla kanye nezikhala ezivulekile edolobheni zingasetshenziswa.Kusukela ngo-1958, umphumela we-solar photovoltaic usetshenziselwe okokuqala ngqa emkhakheni we-space satellite energy supply ngendlela yamaseli elanga.Namuhla, kusukela ekunikezeni amandla imitha yokupaka okuzenzakalelayo kuya kuphaneli yelanga ephahleni, kuya esikhungweni esikhulu sokukhiqiza amandla elanga, ukusetshenziswa kwawo emkhakheni wokukhiqiza amandla kusakazeke emhlabeni wonke.
Amandla elanga ayindlela yamandla ekhula ngokushesha, futhi imakethe yamandla elanga nayo yenze intuthuko enkulu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.Ngokusho kwedatha, ngokuya ngesilinganiso sonyaka esifakiwe somthamo wesistimu sonozungezilanga, imakethe yelanga yomhlaba wonke inezinga lokukhula ngonyaka elihlanganisiwe lama-47.4%, lisuka ku-598MW ngo-2003 laya ku-2826MW ngo-2007. Kubikezelwa ukuthi ngo-2012, isilinganiso sonyaka esifakiwe umthamo wezinhlelo sonozungezilanga ungaqhubeka ukhuphuke ufinyelele ku-9917MW, futhi ukuthengiswa kwayo yonke imboni yelanga kungase kukhuphuke kusuka ku-17.2 billion wamadola aseMelika ngo-2007 kuya ku-39.5 billion wamadola aseMelika ngo-2012. izintela zokudla kanye nezinxephezelo ezahlukene zikahulumeni.
Kwamanye amazwe amakhulu omhlaba, ikakhulukazi i-Germany, i-Italy, i-Spain, i-United States, i-France, ne-South Korea, uhulumeni wobumbano, ohulumeni bezifundazwe, nama-ejensi kahulumeni wasekhaya bathumele kubasebenzisi bokugcina bemikhiqizo yelanga ngendlela yentela. ukubuyiselwa kwemali, izikweletu zentela nezinye izikhuthazo, Abasabalalisi, abahlanganisi bohlelo kanye nabakhiqizi bahlinzeka ngoxhaso kanye nezikhuthazo zezomnotho ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga ezinhlelweni ezixhunywe kugridi nokunciphisa ukuncika kweminye imithombo yamandla.Kodwa-ke, izinkampani zamandla omphakathi ezivamile ezinamandla amakhulu okunxenxa ipolitiki zingase futhi zizame ukushintsha imithetho efanele ezimakethe zazo, okungase futhi kube nomthelela omubi kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezentengiselwano kwamandla elanga.
Kodwa ngokuvamile, ngenxa yesimo sezombangazwe nezomnotho esingazinzile ezindaweni eziningi ezikhiqiza uwoyela negesi emhlabeni wonke, ohulumeni abaningi bathatha izinyathelo eziqinile zokunciphisa ukuncika kwabo emandleni angaphandle.Amandla elanga ahlinzeka ngesixazululo esikhangayo sokukhiqiza amandla, futhi ngeke akhe ukuncika okukhulu emandleni angaphandle.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkinga zemvelo ezikhulayo kanye nobungozi bokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu obuhlobene nokuphehlwa kukagesi wezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi kuye kwadala izikhuthazo zezombusazwe eziye zenza uhulumeni asebenzise amasu okunciphisa isisi esingcolisa umoya okuhloswe ngaso ukunciphisa isikhutha nokunye ukukhishwa kwegesi.Amandla elanga namanye amandla avuselelekayo angasiza ekuxazululeni lezi zinkinga zemvelo.
Ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke basebenzise izinqubomgomo ezihlukahlukene zokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga namanye amandla avuselelekayo.Amazwe amaningi aseYurophu, amanye amazwe ase-Asia, e-Australia, eCanada kanye nezifunda eziningana zase-United States kanye namanye amazwe aseLatin America akhiphe izinqubomgomo zamandla avuselelekayo.Izinzuzo zezezimali ezigxile kumakhasimende zifaka isaphulelo sezindleko zekhephithali, izintela zokuphakelayo ze-photovoltaic eziyimpoqo kanye namakhredithi entela.

Ama-Photovoltaics

Umsebenzi ka-Li Hejun othi “Okuhamba Phambili KwaseShayina: Uguquko Lwesithathu Lwezimboni eShayina” (ngemuva kwalokhu olubizwa ngokuthi “Okuholayo WaseShayina”) [1] uwumkhuba “weNguquko Yezimboni Yesithathu” ngombono wamaShayina, futhi ubuciko buhlinzeka nge-China ehamba phambili Isixazululo- inguquko ye-photovoltaic.Izokwazi ukuxazulula izingqinamba zikagesi futhi ikhuthaze izinguquko kwezomnotho, okuyisu eliyisisekelo lentuthuko esimeme yaseShayina.
“Amandla amakhulu azosetshenziswa isintu esikhathini esizayo ngeke esaba amalahle, uwoyela noma igesi yemvelo, kodwa amandla elanga.”U-Li Hejun ukholelwa ukuthi "ukuthuthukisa ngamandla imboni entsha yamandla, ikakhulukazi imboni ye-photovoltaic, kuzoba yithuba le-China."
I-“A Leading China” ichaza inkambiso yenguquko yamandla amasha emhlabeni, ifingqa ulwazi nezifundo zase-Europe, United States, Japan, South Korea, njll. mayelana nalokhu, kuhlanganiswe nomkhuba othi “Made in China” wokunye. ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 yezinguquko nokuvula kanye nomlando wokuthuthukiswa okuhlukumezayo kwemboni ye-photovoltaic yaseShayina Futhi umkhuba, imiqondo nokucabanga, ezomnotho nezenhlalakahle, izimboni kanye nezamabhizinisi, ama-angles amanje nawesikhathi esizayo, futhi kuxoxwe kabanzi ngamasu, amaqhinga, izinqubomgomo kanye izinyathelo okufanele i-China izithathe kulo mzuliswano woguquko lwezimboni, ngaleyo ndlela yenza Isahlulelo esihamba phambili emhlabeni.
I-“China Ehamba Phambili” iye yahamba phambili ohlwini lwezincwadi ezihlukahlukene kusukela yashicilelwa.Ngokombiko wohlu lwezincwadi lwangoNovemba 2013 olushicilelwe yisikhungo sesithathu esiqaphayo "Ukukhulula" embonini yezincwadi, "I-China's Leading One" ibe sohlwini lwezincwadi zezomnotho amasonto amabili elandelana kusukela yafakwa ohlwini ekuqaleni kukaNovemba 2013. Ngokusho umshicileli othi, “Owokuqala WaseShayina” ushicilelwe kusukela ngoNovemba, futhi phakathi nenyanga eyodwa ube umpetha wokuthengiswa kwezincwadi ze-CITIC Publishing.Ngokombiko we-“Beijing News” wango-December 7, 2013, “Ohamba Phambili WaseShayina” waba phezulu ohlwini “lwezindaba zaseBeijing” “Uhlu Lwephunga Lezincwadi” lwezincwadi zokuphatha umnotho.
Umbhali u-Li Hejun ubizwa ngabezindaba ngokuthi "uchwepheshe webhizinisi, usomabhizinisi onguchwepheshe", le ncwadi iwine umongameli ohlonishwayo wePeking University National Development Institute, owayengusomnotho omkhulu weBhange Lomhlaba uLin Yifu, isazi sezomnotho esidumile uFan Gang, "Imboni Yesithathu "Revolution ” umbhali uJeremy Rifkin, owayengumhleli oyinhloko we-“Economic Daily”, umsunguli we-brand China Ai Feng, kanye nomhleli oyinhloko we-“Economic Reference News” u-Du Yuejin, wanconywa njengencwadi “yesithathu yenguquko yezimboni”. Umkhuba omuhle kakhulu womqondo e-China.

Izingxenye

Umhlangano wephaneli ye-photovoltaic iyisisetshenziswa sokukhiqiza amandla esikhiqiza amandla aqondile lapho sichayeka elangeni.Iqukethe amaseli amancane aqinile e-photovoltaic enziwe cishe ngokuphelele ngezinto ze-semiconductor (njenge-silicon).Njengoba ingekho ingxenye esebenzayo, ingasebenza isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokubangela ukulahlekelwa.Amaseli we-photovoltaic alula anganikeza amandla amawashi nezibali, futhi amasistimu e-photovoltaic ayinkimbinkimbi angahlinzeka ngokukhanyisa ezindlini futhi anike amandla igridi.Izingxenye zephaneli ye-Photovoltaic zingenziwa ngezindlela ezihlukene, futhi izingxenye zingaxhunywa ukuze zikhiqize amandla amaningi.Kokubili ophahleni nezakhiwo kuzosebenzisa amaphaneli e-photovoltaic, futhi asetshenziswe njengengxenye yamafasitela, ama-skylights, noma amadivaysi okuvikela.Lokhu kufakwa kwe-photovoltaic kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi izinhlelo ze-photovoltaic ezixhunywe ezakhiweni.
Isimo samanje namathemba

Ukunciphisa ubumpofu be-Photovoltaic
Kusukela ngo-2015, Isifunda sase-Feidong, eSifundazweni sase-Anhui sizabalazele futhi satshala ama-yuan ayizigidi ezingu-8.55 ekusetshenzisweni kwe-photovoltaic yokuqeda ubumpofu, futhi yakhela ukusabalalisa okuhlangene (umndeni) ezindaweni ezi-5 ezikhungethwe ubumpofu, imindeni empofu engu-225 kanye nama-80 "amathathu-none" ngokwedlulele. imindeni empofu esifundeni.Iziteshi zamandla e-photovoltaic ezingama-310.[3]

Amandla elanga

inzuzo
① Ayikho ingozi yokukhathala;
②Iphephile futhi inokwethenjelwa, akukho msindo, akukho ukungcola, imvelo ngokuphelele (akukho ukungcola);
③ Ayinqunyelwe ukusatshalaliswa kwezinsiza, futhi inenzuzo yokuba yinhle ngenkathi ifakwe ophahleni lwesakhiwo;
④Ukukhiqizwa kukagesi esizeni kanye nokuphakelwa kukagesi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa uphethiloli nokusetha izintambo zokudlulisela;
⑤Izinga eliphezulu lamandla (okwamanje, izinga eliphezulu lokuguqulwa elabhorethri lifinyelele ngaphezu kuka-47%);
⑥Abasebenzisi kulula ukwamukela ngokomzwelo nothando kakhulu;
⑦ Isikhathi sokwakha sifushane, futhi isikhathi esisithathayo ukuthola amandla sifushane;
⑧ Ngokombono wokuphepha kwezwe, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi we-photovoltaic kungakwazi ukubona ukuhlinzekwa komndeni ngokwawo, ukugwema umonakalo obangelwa impi.

Ukubi
① Izinto zokusebenzisa amandla elanga kumele zibe nendawo enkulu.
②Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga kuthintwa isimo sezulu nemini nobusuku.
③Imikhawulo yobuchwepheshe iholela esilinganisweni esiphansi sokusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukusebenza kahle okuphansi, kanye nokutshalwa kwempahla okuphezulu.
④Ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri okugcina amandla elanga kuzoletha ukungcola okukhulu.

Ngenxa yokwanda kwesidingo samazwe ngamazwe samaseli e-solar photovoltaic, amabhizinisi amaningi asekhaya asephenduke amafektri e-photovoltaic cell OEM, futhi athatha leli thuba ukuqhubeka nokukhula nokuthuthukisa.Inqubomgomo entsha yamandla yase-United States inikeza ithuba elihle lezinkampani zasekhaya ze-photovoltaic ukuthuthukisa.Abanye abaholi bezimboni zasekhaya sebeqalile ukusungula izinkampani ezingaphansi e-United States ukuze bathole inkontileka yamaphrojekthi okukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic futhi bangene ngenkuthalo emakethe yendawo yokuphehla amandla e-photovoltaic.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uma i-China ingasebenzisi kabanzi ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla elanga le-photovoltaic, izinkinga zamandla ezihlangatshezwana nokuthuthukiswa komnotho waseShayina zizoba zimbi nakakhulu.Izinkinga zamandla zizoba isithiyo esikhulu ekuthuthukisweni komnotho waseChina.I-China ingelinye lamazwe acebile ngemithombo yamandla elanga.I-China inendawo ewugwadule engamakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingu-1.08, isatshalaliswa kakhulu esifundeni esisenyakatho-ntshonalanga enezinsiza zokukhanya eziningi.Indawo eyodwa yekhilomitha-skwele ingafakwa ne-100 megawatt photovoltaic arrays, engakhiqiza amahora angu-150 wama-kilowatt-amahora ngonyaka;uma u-1% wogwadule uthuthukiswa futhi usetshenziswa, ungaphehla ugesi olingana nonyaka wonke ka-2003 eShayina.Ezindaweni eziningi njengasenyakatho yeShayina nasezindaweni ezisogwini, ukukhanya kwelanga kwaminyaka yonke kuthatha amahora angaphezu kuka-2 000, kanti iHainan isifinyelele amahora angaphezu kuka-2 400, okuyenza ibe izwe langempela elinomthombo welanga.Kungabonakala ukuthi i-China inezimo zendawo yokusetshenziswa okubanzi kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic.
Uhulumeni waseShayina uphinde wakhipha izinqubomgomo ezithile mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla amasha.Phakathi kwazo, “Isaziso Sokwenziwa Komsebenzi Wokubonakaliswa Kwelanga Legolide” esisanda kukhishwa sidonsa amehlo kakhulu.Isaziso sigxile ekusekeleni ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi we-photovoltaic axhumeke kuhlangothi lomsebenzisi ohlangothini lwegridi, ukukhiqiza amandla kagesi we-photovoltaic ozimele, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi amakhulu axhunywe kugridi namanye amaphrojekthi okubonisa, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kobuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic njengokuhlanza impahla ye-silicon. kanye nokusebenza okuxhunywe kugridi kanye nokwakhiwa kwamandla okuyisisekelo okuhlobene.Izinga kanye nesimo sokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe sinquma ukuthi iyunithi yoxhaso lwemali lungakanani kumaphrojekthi emiboniso ahlukahlukene.Kumaphrojekthi okukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic axhunywe kwigridi, ngokuyisisekelo, ama-50% esamba sokutshalwa kwezimali kohlelo lokuphehla amandla e-photovoltaic kanye namaphrojekthi asekelayo okudlulisa nokusabalalisa azoxhaswa;phakathi kwazo, izinhlelo ezizimele zokuphehla ugesi we-photovoltaic ezindaweni ezikude ezingenawo ugesi zizoxhaswa ngama-70% wesamba semali etshaliwe;Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kwezobuchwepheshe kanye namaphrojekthi ayisisekelo wokwakha amandla asekelwa kakhulu ngezaphulelo kanye noxhaso.
Le nqubomgomo ikhuthaza i-China ukuthi kancane kancane ibe i-solar photovoltaic power powerhouse kusuka ku-photovoltaic cell foundry.Kuleli thuba lomlando, izinselelo ezibhekene nezinkampani zasekhaya ze-photovoltaic empeleni zinzima kakhulu.Kuphela ngokuqhubeka sithuthukisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ye-photovoltaic nokuvula iziteshi zokuthengisa zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe lapho singawasebenzisa kangcono amathuba futhi senze amabhizinisi abe makhudlwana futhi abe namandla.

Amandla elanga anezici zokuvuselela kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.Le nzuzo iholele ekutheni amazwe amaningi, okuhlanganisa neChina, abheke amandla elanga njengemboni esemqoka yamandla amasha.Imikhiqizo ye-photovoltaic e-mainland China ihlinzekwa ikakhulukazi ezimakethe zaseYurophu nezaseMelika, futhi isabelo semakethe yasekhaya sincane kakhulu.Ngenxa yokwanda kwesidingo semakethe eYurophu nase-United States, imboni ye-photovoltaic yaseShayina ifinyelele intuthuko esheshayo, ngesilinganiso sokukhula konyaka esingaphezu kwama-40% eminyakeni emihlanu edlule.Emkhakheni wokwesekwa okwengeziwe okuvela kuzinqubomgomo, amathuba okukhula kwesikhathi esizayo embonini ye-photovoltaic azoba banzi.
Ukusuka enhla nomfula kuye ezansi nomfula, uchungechunge lwemboni yokuphehla amandla e-photovoltaic ikakhulukazi luhlanganisa amaketanga ezimboni ahlanganisa i-polysilicon, amawafa e-silicon, izingcezu zebhethri nezingxenye zebhethri.Ochungechungeni lwezimboni, ukusuka ku-polysilicon kuya ezingxenyeni zebhethri, umkhawulo wezobuchwepheshe wokukhiqiza uyancipha futhi wehla, futhi ngokufanele, inani lezinkampani nalo liyakhula.Ngakho-ke, inzuzo yalo lonke uchungechunge lwemboni ye-photovoltaic igxile kakhulu kusixhumanisi sokukhiqiza se-polysilicon ekhuphukayo, futhi inzuzo yezinkampani ezikhuphukayo ingcono kakhulu kunezansi.
Njengamanje, inzuzo evela ekukhiqizweni kwe-polysilicon ezwekazini laseShayina ilandisa ingxenye enkulu yenzuzo ephelele yemikhiqizo yokugcina yemojula yebhethri, efinyelela cishe ku-52%;inzuzo yokukhiqiza imojula yebhethri ibalelwa ku-18%;Cishe u-17% no-13%.
Kusukela ngo-2008, intengo ye-polysilicon isiqale ukwehla kakhulu.Kuze kube manje, intengo yendawo ye-polysilicon yasekhaya yehle isuka ku-500 dollar / kg yaya ku-100-150 dollars / kg.Idatha ka-2012 yi-US $ 18 ~ 30 / kg.
Ukunwetshwa komthamo we-Polysilicon kushesha kakhulu, futhi ukukhula okuhamba kancane kwesidingo kuyisici esiyinhloko esenza amanani ehle.Ngokwesibikezelo se-iSuppi, ngo-2009, ukuhlinzekwa kwe-polysilicon emhlabeni wonke kuzophindeka kabili, kuyilapho ukwanda kwesidingo kungu-34% kuphela.Ngakho-ke, intengo ye-polysilicon ingase yehle kakhulu.I-iSuppi yaze yathi ngo-2010, intengo yendawo ye-polysilicon izokwehla ibe ngu-$ 100 / kg, okuzonciphisa kakhulu inzuzo yabahlinzeki be-polysilicon.
Ukwehla kwezintengo ze-polysilicon kuzokhuphula inzuzo yabakhiqizi bamaseli, kodwa ibhizinisi le-silicon wafer elihlanzekile nalo libeka ubungozi obukhulu.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umphakeli we-polysilicon okhuphuka nomfula noma umkhiqizi wamaseli angezansi, abukho ubunzima bezobuchwepheshe ekukhiqizeni i-silicon.Lapho kokubili phezulu nomfula kungena ebhizinisini le-silicon wafer ngasikhathi sinye, inzuzo yalolu chungechunge lwebhizinisi le-silicon wafer incinywa kakhulu.
Imboni ye-photovoltaic yaseShayina yenza uchungechunge lwezimboni oluphelele.Ngo-2009, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polysilicon e-China kwadlula amathani angu-20,000, futhi ukukhishwa kwamaseli elanga adlula i-4,000 MW.Isibe yizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni amaseli elanga iminyaka emithathu ilandelana.
Ngo-May 2010, i-China Photovoltaic Industry Alliance yasungulwa, iheha amabhizinisi angumgogodla we-photovoltaic angama-22, izinhlangano zezimboni nezikhungo zocwaningo ukuba zijoyine.I-China Photovoltaic Industry Alliance igxile ekuqondiseni emisha ehlanganyelwe yemboni, ukukhuthaza izinhlelo zokusebenza, nokulinganisa intuthuko, icwaninga izinqubomgomo ezikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-photovoltaic, nokwandisa ukwesekwa kokuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwezinkampani kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni.I-China Photovoltaic Industry Alliance izozibophezela ekuhlanganiseni izinsiza zezimboni, ukuthuthukisa ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo, nokuguqula izindlela zentuthuko, ukuthuthukisa ukubumbana kwezimboni, nokwandisa ithonya lamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuncintisana.

Ngo-2001, i-Wuxi Suntech yasungula ngempumelelo ulayini wokukhiqiza amaseli elanga angu-10MWp (megawatt).NgoSepthemba 2002, ulayini wokuqala we-Suntech wokukhiqiza ama-solar angu-10MW wafakwa ngokusemthethweni emkhiqizweni, namandla okukhiqiza alingana nesamba seminyaka emine edlule yokukhishwa kwamaseli elanga kazwelonke.Igebe embonini ye-photovoltaic yamazwe ngamazwe lifinyezwe iminyaka engu-15.
Kusukela ngo-2003 kuya ku-2005, eqhutshwa imakethe yaseYurophu, ikakhulukazi imakethe yaseJalimane, i-Suntech ne-Baoding Yingli iqhubekile nokwandisa ukukhiqizwa.Ezinye izinkampani eziningi ziye zasungula imigqa yokukhiqiza amaseli elanga, okuye kwaholela ekukhuleni okusheshayo kokukhiqizwa kwamaseli elanga eChina.
Ngo-2004, iSino-Silicon Hi-Tech, eyasungulwa ngokuhlanganyela yiLuoyang Monocrystalline Silicon Plant kanye ne-China Nonferrous Design Institute, yakha ngokuzimela amapheya ayi-12 eziko zokunciphisa amandla e-polycrystalline silicon.Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ngo-2005, kwakuyiphrojekthi yokuqala yasekhaya yokukhiqiza i-silicon ye-300-ton polycrystalline.Iqediwe futhi yaqala ukusebenza, okwavula isethulo sokuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwe-polysilicon eChina.
Ngo-2007, iChina yaba yizwe elikhiqiza ama-solar amaningi kakhulu, futhi umphumela wawo weqa usuka ku-400MW ngo-2006 waya ku-1088MW.
Ngo-2008, ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli elanga eChina kwafinyelela ku-2600MW.
Ngo-2009, ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli elanga eChina kwafinyelela ku-4000MW.
Ngo-2006, umkhiqizo wonyaka wamaseli elanga emhlabeni wawungu-2500MW.
Ngo-2007, umkhiqizo wonyaka wamaseli elanga wawungu-4,450MW.
Ngo-2008, umkhiqizo wonyaka wamaseli elanga emhlabeni wawungu-7,900MW.
Ngo-2009, umkhiqizo wonyaka wamaseli elanga wawungu-10,700MW.
NgoMashi 2013, i-Wuxi City Intermediate People's Court yakhipha isimemezelo sokuthi i-Wuxi Suntech Solar Power Co., Ltd. ayikwazi ukukhokha izikweletu okufanele zikhokhelwe futhi yanquma ukuqothuka nokuhlela kabusha ngokomthetho.
Ezingxenyeni ezintathu zokuqala zonyaka wezi-2015, inani eliphelele lomkhiqizo wemboni yokukhiqiza i-photovoltaic yaseChina lidlule ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-200.Phakathi kwazo, ukuphuma kwe-polysilicon cishe amathani angu-105,000, ukwanda kwe-20% unyaka nonyaka;okukhishwayo kwe-silicon wafer kucishe kube yizicucu eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-6.8, okuwukwanda okungaphezu kuka-10% unyaka nonyaka;ukukhishwa kweseli cishe ku-28GW, ukwanda okungaphezu kuka-10% unyaka nonyaka;okukhipha imojula cishe ku-31GW, unyaka nonyaka Ukunyuka kwama-26.4%.Inzuzo yamabhizinisi e-photovoltaic iye yathuthukiswa kakhulu, futhi zonke izixhumanisi zochungechunge lwezimboni ziye zanda kakhulu.Ezingxenyeni ezintathu zokuqala zonyaka wezi-2015, imikhiqizo ye-photovoltaic yaseShayina ingenisa futhi ithekelisa, ukwakhiwa kwesiteshi sikagesi esingaphansi komfula, inzuzo yezinkampani kanye neminye imikhakha ibithuthuka.Phakathi kwazo, inani lokuthekelisa lemikhiqizo emikhulu ye-photovoltaic efana nama-silicon wafers, amaseli elanga namamojula afinyelela ku-US $ 10 billion.Umthamo we-photovoltaic osanda kufakwa ungama-10.5GW, okuwukunyuka ngo-177% unyaka nonyaka, lapho isiteshi sikagesi esiphansi sicishe sibe ngu-6.5GW.[4-5]

 
Inkinga yobuchwepheshe
Njengamanje, ucwaningo oluzimele namandla okuthuthukiswa kwezinkampani ze-photovoltaic zaseChina ngokuvamile aziqinile.Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-semiconductor zingeniswa kwamanye amazwe.Ibhodlela lobuchwepheshe likukhawulele kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-photovoltaic yaseChina.
Kuwo wonke uchungechunge lwemboni ye-photovoltaic, umkhawulo wobuchwepheshe bokupakisha kanye nenhloko-dolobha iphansi kakhulu, okuholela ekuveleni kwezinkampani zokupakisha ezingaphezu kwe-170 e-China ngesikhathi esifushane, nenani eliphelele lokupakisha elingekho ngaphansi kwama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-2.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwamanani entengo yezinto ezingavuthiwe namandla okupakisha ngokweqile, lezi zinkampani ngokuyisisekelo zinenzuzo encane futhi izinga lomkhiqizo alilingani.
Uma kuqhathaniswa, abakhiqizi bamaseli elanga njenge-Wuxi Suntech kanye ne-Nanjing Zhongdian Photovoltaic, abaphezulu kochungechunge lwemboni futhi abanobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile, bangcono kakhulu.Iningi lawo likhiqiza amaseli elanga acwebezelayo esizukulwane sokuqala asebenza ngokuzinzile futhi ayimikhiqizo ejwayelekile emakethe.
Kodwa-ke, emhlabeni, imikhiqizo ye-solar cell iyashintsha kusukela esizukulwaneni sokuqala kuya esizukulwaneni sesibili.Inani lezinto ze-silicon ezisetshenziselwa ifilimu elincane lamaseli elanga lemikhiqizo yesizukulwane sesibili lincane kakhulu, futhi izindleko zabo sezivele ziphansi kunamaseli e-crystalline solar.Emehlweni ochwepheshe, amaseli elanga anefilimu emincane azoqhudelana kakhulu namaseli elanga acwebile esikhathini esizayo.
U-Kong Li, umcwaningi we-Institute of Electrical Engineering ye-Chinese Academy of Sciences kanye nesekela likasihlalo we-China Renewable Energy Society, ukholelwa ukuthi kunegebe elikhulu phakathi kwe-China namazwe angaphandle ekulandeleni ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwe-crystalline solar. amaseli kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamangqamuzana elanga amancane amafilimu elanga, okungenani iminyaka eyi-10 ngemuva.
Umnikazi werekhodi lomhlaba wobuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic ngokuyisisekelo izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe.Isibonelo, i-Kyocera Japan iqalise i-polycrystalline silicon solar cell ene-photoelectric conversion performance esebenzayo ye-18.5%;I-Sanyo Japan isebenzisa i-hybrid solar cell eyenziwe nge-crystalline silicon substrates namafilimu amancane e-amorphous silicon anokuguqulwa kwesithombe sikagesi okusebenzayo okungama-22%;I-United Solar Le nkampani i-flexible amorphous silicon amaseli elanga efilimu amancane anemicu yensimbi engagqwali enezinga le-micron njengoba ama-substrate anezinzuzo zesisindo esilula nokuguquguquka uma kuqhathaniswa namaseli elanga aqinile engilazi yezinye izinkampani.
Ubuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic bomhlaba buyaqhubeka nokwenza impumelelo, futhi izindleko zemboni ziyaqhubeka nokwehla.I-"2007 China Photovoltaic Development Report" yathi ngenqubekelaphambili eqhubekayo yobuchwepheshe kanye nokwanda okuqhubekayo kwesikali sezimboni, izindleko zokuphehla amandla e-photovoltaic kulindeleke ukuthi zincintisane namandla avamile ngemva kuka-2030 futhi zibe uhlobo olujwayelekile lokusebenzisa amandla.
Ngo-2007 World Solar Congress kanye Exhibition owawuse-Beijing ngo-September, iPhini likaMongameli we-International Solar Energy Society kanye consultant Japan Kyocera Corporation Yukawa Yui wethula ukuthi Japan uhlela ukunciphisa izindleko photovoltaic ukukhiqiza amandla okulingana 2010, 2020 kanye 2030. Ezingeni elingu-1.5 yuan, 0.93 yuan kanye no-0.47 yuan nge-kWh ngayinye.Ngokwesibikezelo se-International Energy Agency, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi we-photovoltaic emhlabeni kuzoba ngama-2% engqikithi yokuphehlwa kukagesi ngo-2020, kanye nama-20% -28% ngo-2040.

 
Ukusekelwa Kwenqubomgomo
Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-photovoltaic yaseChina kusesikhathini esikhulayo.Uma ingadabula izithiyo zenqubomgomo nobuchwepheshe, nakanjani izoba nekusasa elingenamkhawulo.UCui Rongqiang, umqondisi we-Institute of Solar Energy kanye nomqondisi wodokotela e-Shanghai Jiaotong University, ukholelwa ukuthi umbuso wamanje kufanele uqinise isiqondiso senqubomgomo ukukhuthaza imboni ukuze ifinyeze igebe ngezinga elithuthukile lamazwe ngamazwe.
Okokuqala, yakha uhlelo oluphakathi nolwesikhathi eside ngenhloso "yokuhlakulela imakethe yesicelo se-photovoltaic nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-photovoltaic", futhi ucacise ngokomthetho futhi ulungise isilinganiso sokuthengwa kukagesi ovuselelekayo kanye nokusetshenziswa okubalulekile.
Okwesibili, khuthaza izakhamuzi ukuthi zingene ku-inthanethi.Ukudweba kokuhlangenwe nakho kwamanye amazwe, kancane kancane uqalise futhi usebenzise "uhlelo lwephahla lwe-photovoltaic" lwangempela ukuze kusungulwe isimo sokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic esakhiweni samandla kazwelonke.
Okwesithathu, ukusungula izikhwama ezikhethekile zokusekela futhi usebenzise izinqubomgomo zokunciphisa izindleko kanye nezinqubomgomo zokukhululwa kwezezimali kanye nentela.Isibonelo, okwamanje, izimali ezikhethekile zithathwa emalini kagesi yasekhaya embonini ye-photovoltaic;ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla e-photovoltaic ezindaweni ezimpofu, ingxenye yezibonelelo zikahulumeni, ingxenye yokusekelwa kwebhizinisi, nokusekelwa ngamanani ezindleko, njll.
Okwesine, funda kokuhlangenwe nakho kwezakhiwo ezivamile emazweni athuthukile kumele ube nolwazi emikhiqizweni ye-photovoltaic, futhi usebenzise izinqubomgomo eziqinile zamandla elanga ezindaweni zomphakathi kanye nezakhiwo zikahulumeni ezindaweni ezithuthukisiwe.
Okwesihlanu, sekela imboni yezinto ezibonakalayo ze-silicon ekhuphukayo, yehlise izindleko zamaseli e-photovoltaic, bese usheshisa ukwehlisa izindleko nokukhuthazwa kwesicelo sezitshalo zamandla ezixhunywe kugridi ye-photovoltaic.
Ukushoda kwamathalenta
Emakolishi okufundela aphakeme angaphezu kwe-1,200 ezweni lonke, awekho ngaphezu kwama-30 asesungule ama-majors ezicelo zobuchwepheshe bokuphehla amandla e-photovoltaic.USolwazi Dai Yuwei, usihlalo weNew Energy Sub-Education Committee ye-Higher Vocational College yoMnyango wezeMfundo, uthe ngenxa yokuthi kunokuntuleka kwabasebenzi abanamakhono aphakeme eChina, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuqasha abaphothule izifundo ze-electronics, ubunjiniyela bamakhemikhali nokunye okukhethekile, futhi ubaqeqeshe njengoba kudingeka.Iningi lemboni ye-photovoltaic idinga amathalente anamakhono ayinkimbinkimbi, futhi igebe elikhulu lidinga ukuvalwa ngokushesha ngabafundi abaphothule umsebenzi wezandla.
Umuntu ophethe inkampani eyaziwa kakhulu yamandla elanga naye wathi: Imboni ye-photovoltaic iyakhula, futhi izinkambu zokusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga ziba zibanzi futhi zibanzi, kodwa kukhona abalingani abambalwa abaqeqeshiwe, futhi igebe lonyaka lingaba ngu-200,000.

imakethe yaphesheya

Ekupheleni kuka-2007, inani lemakethe lezinkampani zaseShayina ze-photovoltaic ezibalwe e-United States lafinyelela endaweni ephakeme kakhulu, cishe ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-32.Namuhla, inani lezinhlu likhuphuke laya ku-11, kodwa inani lemakethe eliphelele lingama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2 kuphela, elihle ngaphezu kwama-90% ukusuka phezulu.Ngonyaka odlule nengxenye, intengo yokufuna intengo ye-elasticity theory yemikhiqizo ye-photovoltaic ihlulekile ngokuphelele, amanani awile kakhulu, kodwa isidingo siqinile.UXu Min ukholelwa ukuthi isizathu esiyinhloko inqubomgomo yezikweletu eqinile yamabhange.Njengemakethe ye-photovoltaic enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, i-Europe ibhekene nenkinga enkulu yezikweletu, izimo zezikweletu ziqinile, futhi imakethe ye-photovoltaic isesimweni esibi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Jefferies Group ilinganisela ukuthi ngenxa yenqubomgomo ye-double-anti-inqubomgomo yase-US ethinta ukuthengiswa kwe-China, kuphela ikota yokuqala yalo nyaka, ukulahlekelwa kwezinkampani zaseShayina ze-photovoltaic ngenxa ye-double-anti-reaction kufinyelele kuma-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-120. ilingana nezinkampani zaseShayina ezidinga ukuthengisa amamojula amaningi angu-2.4GW ukuze Zitholele umonakalo.
Njengamanje, imboni ye-photovoltaic iyekile ukukhiqiza futhi yashabalala, njll., futhi kunzima kakhulu kumabhizinisi ukuthola imali emakethe.UXu Min uthe cishe izinkampani eziyi-10 ze-photovoltaic zizamile ukuphumela obala kodwa azizange ziphumelele.
Ngokusho kwewebhusayithi ye-China Semiconductor Industry Association, u-Xu Min uthe ukwehla kwentengo yemikhiqizo ye-photovoltaic kubangele ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwempahla yezinkampani ze-photovoltaic.Phakathi kwezinkampani eziyisishiyagalolunye ze-photovoltaic ezibalwe nguJefferies, ukulahlekelwa kokonakala kwempahla engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka odlule kwakuphakeme njenge-US $ 3.9 billion..
I-Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) isanda kumemezela ukwengezwa kokuphehlwa kukagesi wezinga elisetshenziswayo ngo-Okthoba, kuyilapho kunemiklamo emihlanu kuphela ye-photovoltaic, enesamba esingu-31 MW, ngaphansi kwama-20% wesilinganiso sanyanga zonke esingu-180 MW ngo-2014.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-FERC ibala kuphela amandla elanga ebanga elisetshenziswayo, ngakho-ke le datha ayifaki lezo zindawo ezikhulayo "zangemuva kwemitha", okuhlanganisa amasistimu e-solar photovoltaic ophahleni lwezindlu, amabhizinisi, nezikole.
Naphezu kwenqubekelaphambili ehamba kancane yamaphrojekthi we-photovoltaic wezinga lensiza kulesi sigaba, imakethe ye-photovoltaic kazwelonke kulindeleke ukuthi yenyuke ifinyelele ku-6.5 GW ngo-2014, ukwanda ngama-36% kusukela ngo-2013, okwenza amandla elanga adlule igesi yemvelo njengomthombo omkhulu kakhulu wokukhiqiza ugesi omusha. .
Izinkampani eziphezulu ze-10 zakwamanye amazwe ezifakwe ohlwini lwe-photovoltaic zaseShayina
Izinkampani eziphezulu eziyi-10 ezinemali emakethe ephezulu kakhulu embonini ye-photovoltaic yaseChina phesheya kwezilwandle (idatha kusukela ngomhla ka-13 Agasti 2012)
TOP 1: GCL-Poly Ivelu: 18.3 billion (HKD) = 2.359 billion (USD)
TOP 2: I-Trina Solar Market Value: 389 million (USD)
TOP 3: I-Yingli Green Energy Market Value: 279 million (USD)
TOP 4: I-Jingao Solar Market Value: 204 million (USD)
TOP 5: Suntech Power Market value: 197 million (USD)
I-TOP 6: Inani lemakethe ye-Saiwei LDK: 192 million (USD)
TOP 7: Yuhui Sunshine Inani lemakethe: 135 million (USD)
TOP 8: I-Artus Solar Market Value: 127 million (USD)
TOP 9: I-Hanwha New Energy Market Value: 97.130 million (USD)
I-TOP 10: Inani lemakethe yeJinkoSolar: 57.9092 million (USD) …

ingxabano

Julayi 2012
UMnyango Wezohwebo wase-China ukuqinisekisile ukuthi uvule icala "elihlehla kabili" ngokumelene ne-United States emkhakheni we-polysilicon kanye nophenyo olumelene nokulahlwa kwe-South Korea.
Novemba 2012
UMnyango Wezohwebo waseChina uthathe isinqumo sokwenza uphenyo olumelene noxhaso kanye nophenyo olumelene nokulahlwa kwe-polysilicon esezingeni lelanga engenisiwe evela e-European Union, futhi uzokwenza uphenyo oluhlanganisiwe nophenyo “lwe-double anti” lwemikhiqizo ye-polysilicon oluqalwe yi-European Union. I-United States kanye neNingizimu Korea.
Ethintwe inkinga yezikweletu zaseYurophu kanye nokuvikelwa kwezohwebo zamazwe amaningi, izinkampani zaseShayina ze-photovoltaic ziye zalahlekelwa kakhulu.Phakathi kwazo, i-Savi ilahlekelwe ngaphezu kuka-US $ 400 million engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2012, kanti i-Suntech Power ilahlekelwe ama-US $ 180 wezigidi ku-Q2 ngo-2012.
I-European Commission yamemezela ngo-4 ukuthi i-European Union izobeka intela yesikhashana yokulwa nokulahlwa emikhiqizweni ye-photovoltaic ekhiqizwa e-China kusukela ngoJuni 6. Izinga lentela lezinyanga ezimbili zokuqala lizoba ngu-11.8% futhi ngemva kwalokho lizokhuphuka libe ngu-47,6%.
I-European Commission ithe esitatimendeni ukuthi, uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi kuzoqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa okuzinzile kwemikhiqizo ye-photovoltaic esikhathini esifushane, ikomidi linqume ukusebenzisa izintela zesikhashana ngezinyathelo ezimbili.Kusukela ngomhlaka-6 Juni, i-EU izosebenzisa izinga lentela lesikhashana elingu-11.8%.Ngemuva komhla ziyisi-6 kuNcwaba, izinga lentela lizokhuphuka lifinyelele ku-47.6%, lapho isilinganiso sentela singu-37.2% siye ku-67.9%.
UKhomishani Wezohwebo we-EU u-De Gucht uthe esithangamini sabezindaba ukuthi izinga lentela lesikhashana lizogcinwa izinyanga ezingu-6 kuze kube nguDisemba, ngemva kwalokho i-European Commission izonquma ukuthi ibeke intela ehlala njalo emikhiqizweni ye-photovoltaic eyenziwe e-China.Uma intela isibekiwe, intela izoqhubeka iminyaka emi-5.
Kodwa-ke, ngalolo suku, i-European Union's Affordable Photovoltaic Union (AFASE) yathumela incwadi evulekile ku-De Gucht icela isinqumo sayo sokumisa intela.Le ncwadi yathi izenzo zeKhomishini YaseYurophu zizokwenza amandla elanga abize ngaphezu kwamandla amalahle noma enuzi, okuzokwenza amandla elanga ahlanzekile angathathi indawo yamandla angcolile.Le ncwadi yagcizelela: “Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuyinselele enkulu kunazo zonke esizukulwaneni sethu, futhi amandla elanga athengekayo ayisikhali esinamandla sokubhekana nale nselele.”
Ngesicelo se-European Union Support Solar Energy Organisation (EU ProSun), Ikhomishana YaseYurophu yethule uphenyo olumelene nokulahlwa kanye nokulwa noxhaso kumaseli elanga asuka e-China ngoSepthemba nangoNovemba 2012.
U-De Gucht uthe i-European Commission ikholelwa ukuthi izinga lokulahla izinkampani ze-photovoltaic zaseShayina emakethe ye-EU liphezulu njenge-112.6%, futhi izinga lokulimala kwemikhiqizo ye-photovoltaic ye-EU cishe li-67.9%.I-European Commission ikholelwa nokuthi imikhiqizo yaseShayina ibangele inani elikhulu lezinkampani ze-photovoltaic ze-EU ukuthi ziphelelwe imali futhi zithinte amathuba emisebenzi angaba ngu-25,000 e-EU.
I-European Commission iphakamise ukuthi amazwe angamalungu e-EU abeke umsebenzi wesikhashana wokulwa nokulahlwa kwe-47.6% emikhiqizweni yaseShayina ye-photovoltaic.Ngokwemithombo, lesi siphakamiso siphikiswe amazwe angamalungu angu-18.
U-Rong Sili, umqondisi womnyango wezindaba zomphakathi wase-Europe wase-China, i-Trina Solar, uthe intela yesikhashana yokulwa nokulahla ebekwe yi-EU, noma ngabe u-11.7% noma u-47.6%, izoba nomthelela omubi kakhulu ezinkampanini ezihlobene eChina naseYurophu. .Uthe: “Amakhasimende ethu aseJalimane alinganisele ukuthi uma izinga lentela le-EU libekwe cishe ku-15%, khona-ke ama-85% ebhizinisi lawo angase alahleke.
U-De Gucht uphinde wathi: “I-European Commission izohlala ikulungele ukuqala izingxoxo nabathumeli bemikhiqizo yaseChina abathumela ngaphandle kanye namagumbi ohwebo afanelekile.Uma zombili izinhlangothi zingathola isisombululo esifanele, amanani entengo esikhashana azoyeka ukuqoqwa.”
Mayelana nalokhu, uRong Sili uthe: “Yebo, inkampani yethu iyazamukela izingxoxo ezinjalo, kodwa lokhu kudinga ubuqotho bazo zombili izinhlangothi.”[6-8]
Ngo-June 4, 2013, i-European Commission yamemezela ukuthi i-EU izobeka umsebenzi wesikhashana wokulwa nokulahlwa kwe-11.8% kumaphaneli elanga kanye namadivayisi abalulekile akhiqizwa e-China kusukela ngoJuni 6. Uma i-China ne-Europe behluleka ukufinyelela ukulungiswa ngaphambi kuka-Agasti 6, izinga lentela lokulwa nokulahlwa lizokhuphukela ku-47.6%.

Wuxi Suntech: Usihlalo Shi Zhengrong
Jiangxi Saiwei: Usihlalo Peng Xiaofeng
Iqembu le-Yingli: USihlalo uMiao Liansheng
Iqembu leJingao: USihlalo uJin Baofang
Artus: Usihlalo Qu Xiaohua
I-Trina Solar: USihlalo u-Gao Jifan
I-Hanwha New Energy: USihlalo uNan Shengyou
I-Yuhui Sunshine: USihlalo uLi Xianshou
JinkoSolar: USihlalo uLi Xiande
I-Nanjing CLP: USihlalo uLu Tingxiu
Amabhizinisi aseShayina e-photovoltaic kufanele aphendule kanjani "ku-double anti"
Mayelana nokuthi izinkampani ze-photovoltaic zaseShayina kufanele zibhekane kanjani ne-"double-reverse" yase-United States, abantu abaningi embonini baye babeka phambili isu "lokudlula ulwandle".Eqinisweni, isu lokwandisa phesheya kufanele libe isu lesikhathi eside lezinkampani zaseShayina ze-photovoltaic.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona noma cha "i-double anti", kufanele yenziwe ngendlela ehleliwe;ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni omkhulu kufanele futhi anikeze ukwesekwa okwanele ukuze akwazi ukunikeza izwe ngokwanele Izimali ezinhle zokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe.Lokhu sekushiwo ngaphambili.Kodwa-ke, njengosomabhizinisi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukumisa imboni phesheya kwezilwandle kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ehlala isikhathi eside, edinga ucwaningo olunzulu kanye nokuthatha izinqumo ngokucophelela.Uma kungenxa nje "yokuphikiswa okukabili", isinqumo senziwa ngokushesha, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi empeleni akulungile.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunesu lokubhekana nokukhuphuka kwezindleko ezibangelwa ukusungula izimboni phesheya kwezilwandle.
Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izinkampani zaseShayina ze-photovoltaic zisebenzise ngokunenzuzo ukwehla kwamanje embonini ye-photovoltaic, ziqinise amandla abo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, zithuthukise ikhono labo lokumelana nezingozi, futhi zithuthukise ubuchwepheshe namazinga okukhiqiza, okuyimpendulo yangempela.Nazi iziphakamiso ezintathu:
Kufanele ngesibindi samukele ubuchwepheshe bokusungula obuzimele be-China
Nakuba i-China iyizwe elikhulu lokukhiqiza i-photovoltaic, akulona izwe eliqinile lokukhiqiza i-photovoltaic.Uma sithatha i-polysilicon yamanje njengesibonelo, intengo yokuthengisa kwamanye amazwe e-China yehlisiwe yaba yi-150,000 yuan / ton, futhi kusenenzuzo, kodwa cishe zonke izinkampani zaseShayina zingamisa ukukhiqiza kuphela.Lokhu kuwumphumela wokuthembela kubuchwepheshe bangaphandle.Kodwa-ke, isipiliyoni sokukhiqiza saseShayina phakathi neminyaka edlule siye saqongelela ingcebo yezinto ezintsha.Eqinisweni, izinkampani eziningi zenze ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-photovoltaic "engabizi kakhulu, obusezingeni eliphezulu".Isibonelo, indlela ye-PM yobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza i-polysilicon eyakhiwe yi-Shanghai Provo inganciphisa izindleko zibe ngu-60,000 yuan/ton ngaphansi kobumsulwa obungu-99.99995%, okuyi-1/2.5 kuphela yezindleko zendlela ye-Siemens ye-polysilicon phesheya.Ubuchwepheshe be-crystal casting single crystal obuthuthukiswa yi-Shanghai Pro abugcini nje ngokusebenza kahle kodwa futhi buphansi ngezindleko, futhi sebuvele busezingeni eliphezulu emhlabeni jikelele.I-four-ingot polycrystalline silicon ingot furnace e-Shanghai Provo inokukhishwa kwesithando somlilo esisodwa esingu-3,200 kg.Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngengothi ngayinye kungaphansi kuka-5 kWh/kg.Izinga lokusanhlamvu lingcono kunemishini yengot yase-Europe neyaseMelika.Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi amakhono aseChina okukhiqiza kanye nenqubo yocwaningo kanye nentuthuko asevele esezingeni eliphezulu lamazwe ngamazwe.Esigabeni esiphansi sesigaba senhlekelele samanje, inqobo nje uma izinkampani zaseShayina ezisebenzisa ama-photovoltaic ngesibindi zisebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe obusha ukuze zithuthuke ezizimele, zamukele ngesibindi impumelelo yazo yasekhaya yezobuchwepheshe, futhi zithuthukise ngokuzimela imikhiqizo ye-photovoltaic esebenza kahle futhi eyonga amandla, zingaqhubeka nokunciphisa kakhulu. izindleko zokukhiqiza photovoltaic.NgoMbasa wezi-2013, iphrojekthi ka-Wuhan Aowei Energy “I-High Efficiency Roof Concentrating Power Generation System” yazuza umklomelo wegolide okhethekile e-41st Geneva International Invention Exhibition futhi yayingomunye wemiklomelo emithathu yegolide ekhethekile eyatholwa ithimba laseShayina.