Ukuze kuzuzwe amazinga ekhabhoni, i-carbon-neutral, ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-China komkhawulo wamandla!Ukwehla kwamandla eShayina kuzowuthinta kanjani uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka emhlabeni wonke kanye nemboni ye-photovoltaic!

China'Ukunqanyulwa kukagesi akunasisekelo

1 Ngokukhuphuka kwentengo yamalahle, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi wamalahle eChina sekunesikhathi eside kukhungathekile.

Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okuyinhloko amandla ashisayo kanye ne-hydropower, okulinganiselwa ku-90% wengqikithi yamandla okukhiqiza amandla, lapho amandla ashisayo ebalelwa ku-72%, ama-akhawunti ka-hydropower angu-18%, amaphesenti angu-10 asele amandla enuzi 4% , amandla omoya 4.5% , amandla elanga angu-1.5%, amandla e-geothermal, amandla e-tidal, ugesi we-bio awanakwa.Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ashisayo kuncike kakhulu emalahleni, amanani amalahle

Kusukela ngoMashi, isitokwe samalahle sicishe saphindeka kabili, okwenza intengo yamalahle inyuke kakhulu.Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwezindleko zesiteshi sikagesi wezimbiwa phansi ngisho nengcindezi yokulahlekelwa yimali

(Ijika lentengo yamalahle)

2 I-China ibone ukwanda okungamaphesenti angama-20.6 ekusetshenzisweni kwefekthri njengoba imiyalo yomhlaba wonke ingena ezweni kulandela ukuqubuka kodlame eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. ukuqala ukukhiqiza.Ngasohlangothini lwempahla, amalahle anyukile, izindleko ziphakeme, kanti ngasohlangothini lwesidingo, isidingo sikagesi siphezulu.Lena ifika idlule, ibangele ubunzima emandleni.

I-China ikhawulela ukukhiqizwa!I-global supply chain iyamangaza!Amashalofu ezitolo ezinkulu zase-US nase-UK awanalutho ngemva kwesinye isixakaxaka sokuthenga

Imiyalo yomhlaba wonke itheleleke eChina ngemuva kwalolu bhubhane eSoutheast Asia.Muva nje, uhulumeni waseShayina uzame ukuphoqa amabhizinisi “angenisa izinto eziningi, asebenzisa amandla aphezulu kanye nakhiqiza kakhulu” ukuthi athuthukise izimboni zawo futhi aphume endaweni yawo yokunethezeka ukuze agweme ukuwela enkingeni, umbuso umemezele inqubomgomo yokuvikela imvelo elawula kabili. .

Izifundazwe ezifana ne-Guangdong, Zhejiang kanye ne-Jiangsu, “eziqanjwe” yiKhomishana Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko, zethule izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi okuhlosiwe okuphindwe kabili kungafinyelelwa ngesikhathi.

Ngaso leso sikhathi, amanye amazwe aseYurophu nase-US, athembele ekukhiqizeni kwase-Asia, abanjwe ukwesaba ukwehla kwamandla emali kanye nezinkinga ze-supply chain, njengoba abantu beqongelela izidingo.

1 I-Costco ekuthengeni ukwethuka

Amashalofu ase-Costco, uxhaxha lwezitolo ezinkulu eziphethwe amalungu eMelika, awanalutho futhi, isiphithiphithi sokuthenga esiqhutshwa yinkinga ye-supply chain kanye nezindleko ezikhulayo zempahla.

Ngoba yiso kanye isikhathi lapho amabhizinisi aseMelika elungiselela inkathi yamaholide ekupheleni konyaka, njengoba abathengi belungiselela isikhathi samaholide futhi baya esitolo ukuze bathathe izinto.

Kepha ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zokwenziwa kwezinto kanye nenkinga ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla kwenza ukuthi izimpahla zishoda futhi, ngokumangazayo, amashalofu ayathathwa.

Ukuphendula le nkinga ye-supply chain, ukuvulwa kwemakethe kumemezele ukuthi i-United States izoba yiphepha lasendlini yangasese, imikhiqizo yokuhlanza namanzi asemabhodleleni nezinye izinto zasendlini ukuze kubekwe imingcele kabusha.

2 USihlalo we-Fed uthi amanani ayakhuphuka

"Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi imindeni yaseMelika ikholelwa ukuthi amanani azokhuphuka esikhathini esifushane," kusho usihlalo we-feed Powell muva nje, egqamisa "Isikhathi esifushane" kodwa iqiniso lokuthi imindeni ikholelwa ukuthi amanani azoqhubeka nokukhuphuka.

Isikhulu esiphezulu sezezimali se-Costco esibizwa ngezindleko zelogistics “Isici sokwehla kwamandla emali yesikhathi eside” ocingweni lwemali etholwayo, okwengeza inhlanganisela yokukhuphuka kwezindleko zabasebenzi, ukukhuphuka kwesidingo semikhiqizo namanani entengo aphezulu, ingcindezi yokwehla kwamandla emali ikhule kakhulu.

“Asikwazi ukubekezelela yonke ingcindezi, futhi enye yayo kuzomele idluliselwe kubathengi,” esho, ebikezela ukwenyuka kwamaphesenti angama-3.5-4.5 entengo iyonke yemikhiqizo ethengiswa ngokuvula amakhasimende.

Phakathi kwabo, intengo yemikhiqizo yephepha ukuze isetshenziswe nsuku zonke ikhuphuke ngo-4% kuya ku-8%, futhi intengo yemikhiqizo yezilwane ezifuywayo ikhuphuke ngo-5% kuya ku-11%.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvulwa kwemakethe kungase ngonyaka ozayo ukwandisa imali yobulungu yonyaka, ukukhuphuka cishe ngo-8%.

Futhi inkampani manje kufanele ixazulule inkinga "ukushoda kwempahla.".Emzamweni wokudambisa “i-Commodity crunch”, abahwebi bazoqasha imikhumbi emithathu ehamba olwandle ukuya nokubuya eNyakatho Melika nase-Asia ngonyaka ozayo, kodwa lelo nyathelo lingase lisilele kakhulu ekuxazululeni inkinga esheshayo yokuhlinzekwa kwempahla.

3 Ukuthenga ukwethuka ezitolo ezinkulu zase-UK

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-UK ibhekene ne "Buying spree".

Njengoba amanani kagesi enyuka, iBrexit, ukushoda kwabasebenzi, ukushoda kwabashayeli bamaloli kanye nokukhuphuka kokulindela ukwehla kwamandla emali, amaketanga atholakalayo aqinile, izimpahla ziyashoda neziphuzo nenyama ezitolo ezinkulu zaseBrithani iyashoda, kube khona ukwethuka kokuthengwa ngabaseBrithani. abahlali, ukwethuka kokuthenga ezitolo ezinkulu zaseBrithani, namashalofu athathwe.

Lokhu-ke kuzonyusa ukwehla kwamandla emali e-UK

I-inflation yezinyanga ezingu-12 ye-CPI ikhuphuke yafinyelela eminyakeni eyisishiyagalolunye ephezulu yamaphesenti angu-3.2 ngo-August isuka kumaphesenti angu-2.0 ngoJulayi, ngokusho kweBhange LaseNgilandi.

Uma ukwehla kwamandla emali kuhlala kuphezulu esikhathini esimaphakathi, ngisho noma iBhange LaseNgilandi lisike isibikezelo sokukhula kwekota yesithathu saya ku-2.1% sisuka ku-2.9%, umnotho uzohlupheka.

4 Izingcindezi zokwehla kwamandla emali ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba

Ngempela, ukucindezeleka kokwenyuka kwamanani entengo sekusakazekile kakade emazweni athuthukile kwezomnotho.

I-Eurozone nayo ibanjwe yisiphithiphithi.

Ukwehla kwamandla emali nakho kukhuphuke kakhulu ku-eurozone ngenxa yokungatholakali kwamandla.Ukwenyuka kwentengo yamandla, njengegesi yemvelo, kuholele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwamanani kagesi, okuphoqe izinkampani eziningi zaseYurophu ukuthi zinciphise ukukhiqizwa futhi zimise ukukhiqizwa, okuholele ekuntulekeni kwethemba emakethe yokuhlinzeka ngempahla yaseYurophu.

I-Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ilindele ukuthi ukwehla kwamandla emali ku-eurozone kufinyelele phezulu kakhulu engxenyeni yesine.

Ngaphezu kwe-United States, i-United Kingdom, i-Eurozone, iRussia yamanje, iBrazil, i-India, iTurkey, iNingizimu Korea, i-New Zealand, i-Malaysia, iThailand kanye namanye amazwe yingcindezi enzima kakhulu yokwehla kwamandla emali.

Ngethusi, i-aluminium namanye amanani aphezulu wezinto eziningi, imboni ye-photovoltaic lapho kufanele uye khona

Nakuba intengo yamalahle inyukile, futhi ukuze kuzuzwe ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, ikhabhoni inyuke kakhulu.Esikhathini esizayo, kufanele sithuthukise ngamandla ukukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic

Ngokukhuphuka kwamandla emali emhlabeni wonke, amanani azo zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo azokhuphuka kuphela, okusho ukuthi imboni ye-PV kuzodingeka iqale ukucabanga ngezindleko, ngoba i-PV ingumthombo wamandla ahlanzekile, avuselelekayo, kodwa ngamakhono amanje wezobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kahle kwesizukulwane se-photovoltaic. namanje akukabi phezulu ngokwanele.

1 Imikhawulo emikhulu yaseChina ekusetshenzisweni kukagesi nakanjani izoholela ekwehleni kwamandla okukhiqiza kanye nokuvalwa kwamabhizinisi amancane namancane.

Amakhemikhali, insimbi, amalahle ashisayo nezinye izinto ngokuvamile zenyuka kakhulu, izinto zokusetshenziswa zicishe zilingane nokunyuka kwentengo kukonke.Lokhu akuzange kuholele ekwenyukeni kwamanani ezimpahla zezimboni, ukukhuphuka kwamanani entengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nobunzima bokwenyusa amanani ezindaweni eziphansi zezimpahla zezimboni, okusho ukuthi wonke umkhakha wokukhiqiza “Uwuthola amandla kodwa awukwenzi. imali".Kumatasa ngokukhiqiza, kodwa inzuzo iyancipha.Kuyabonakala ukuthi amabhizinisi akhiqiza uhwebo lwangaphandle abhekene nesimo esiyinqaba: ngakolunye uhlangothi ama-oda we-Crazy Drop, ngakolunye uhlangothi ukuthatha ama-oda kodwa ungenzi imali.

Nakuba izinto zokusetshenziswa zinyukile, intengo yempahla ekhiqizwe ezansi nomfula ekugcineni izoncika ekuhlinzekweni nasekudingeni, hhayi ezindlekweni kuphela.Eqinisweni, ngenxa yobhubhane olushubile eYurophu nase-United States, isidingo sisonke sabathengi sehla kakhulu.Isizathu esenza amandla okukhiqiza eChina nama-oda okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe angekho emashadini yingoba izifo eziwumshayabhuqe zaphesheya ziphazamise izimboni zaphesheya kwezilwandle, lokhu kuphoqe abanye abakhiqizi baphesheya kwezilwandle ukuthi babeke ama-oda emandleni okukhiqiza okuwukuphela kwawo emhlabeni ukuze aqukethe lokhu kuqubuka.

Ukwanda kwamanje kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kufana nokubuyisela emuva umnotho womhlaba obuthakathaka.Kunesimo esingajwayelekile lapho amanani entengo yezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezindaweni eziphakeme ekhuphuka, kodwa amanani ezindaweni eziphansi ahlala engashintshile.Eqinisweni, ukwanda kwamanje kwamanani ezinto ezibonakalayo akukhona nje ukumaketha okuvamile.

Ngakho-ke ikusasa lokukhuphuka kwentengo yomkhiqizo we-PV ngezinga elikhulu kufanele libe elingenakugwemeka

I-2 Aluminium alloy cable iyisixazululo esihle kakhulu

Ikhebula le-Copper-core lithatha inzuzo ephelele emakethe yamakhebula.Inzuzo yekhebula le-copper-core ayiningi, kodwa intengo yethusi ayikwazi ukunakwa, okuholela ekwandeni kwezindleko zokukhiqiza.Futhi akulula ukwakha.Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni yamuva siphendukela ku-aluminium alloy material.Iikhebula le-aluminium alloyiphakama ngokuzumayo, ithole imakethe umusa, umsebenzisi wekhebula eliwumgogodla wethusi wendabuko angase abe nombuzo, intambo ye-aluminium alloy ingangena esikhundleni sekhebula eliwumgogodla we-aluminium?Uma kuqhathaniswa nekhebula elivamile le-copper-core, yiziphi izinzuzo ezivelele zekhebuli ye-aluminium alloy?

1. Amandla okuqina nokunwebeka

Uma kuqhathaniswa nomqhubi we-aluminium ohlanzekile, umqhubi we-aluminium alloy, ngenxa yokwengezwa kwezingxenye ezikhethekile kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokucubungula, kwathuthukisa kakhulu amandla okudonsa, ukunwetshwa kuya ku-30%, ukusetshenziswa okuphephile nokuthembekile.

2. Ukumelana ne-creep

Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-aluminium ehlanzekile, ukumelana nokukhasa kwe-aluminium conductor kuthuthukiswa ngo-300%, futhi inkinga yokuphumula ebangelwa ukugeleza okubandayo noma ukukhasa iyagwenywa.

3. I-coefficient yokwanda okushisayo

I-Coefficient yokunwetshwa kwe-thermal isetshenziselwa ukubala usayizi wento njengoba izinga lokushisa lishintsha.Ama-alloys e-aluminium ane-Coefficient efanayo yokwandisa okushisayo njengethusi, futhi izixhumi ze-aluminium ziye zasetshenziswa ngokuthembekile kumakhondatha ethusi ne-aluminium iminyaka, futhi izixhumi eziningi zikagesi ezisetshenziswayo namuhla zenziwe nge-aluminium, efaneleka ngokukhethekile ama-alloys e-aluminium.Ngakho-ke i-aluminium conductor nesixhumi ziyakhula futhi zinkontileka ngokufanayo.

4. Ukumelana nokugqwala

Ukumelana nokugqwala okungokwemvelo kwe-aluminium kungenxa yokwakheka kongqimba oluncane lwe-oxide oluqinile lapho ingaphezulu le-aluminium lihlangana nomoya, omelana ikakhulukazi nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokugqwala.Izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile ezengezwe ku-alloy zingathuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-aluminium alloy, ikakhulukazi ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical.Ikhono le-Aluminium lokumelana nezindawo ezinokhahlo liholele ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kabanzi kumakhondatha ezintambo kuma-pallet, kanye nasezintweni eziningi zezimboni neziqukathi.Ukugqwala kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokubopha izinsimbi ezihlukene endaweni enomswakama futhi kungavinjelwa ngokusetshenziswa kwezinyathelo zokuzivikela ezifanele, njengamafutha okugcoba, ama-antioxidant kanye nezingubo zokuzivikela.Inhlabathi ene-alkaline nezinye izinhlobo zenhlabathi ene-asidi zigqwala kakhulu ku-aluminium, ngakho-ke amakhondatha e-aluminium agqitshwe ngokuqondile kufanele afakwe insulation noma abunjwe ukuze kugwenywe ukugqwala.Ezindaweni eziqukethe isulfure, njengemigudu kaloliwe nezinye izindawo ezifanayo, ama-alloys e-aluminium amelana kakhulu nokugqwala kunethusi.

5. Ukuxhumana

Izixhumi zikagesi ezenziwe ngama-alloys e-aluminium ziphephile futhi zizinzile njengalezo ezenziwe ngamakhondatha ethusi.Ukwakheka kwe-aluminium alloy kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo kokuxhuma.Lapho i-conductor i-annealed, insimbi eyengeziwe ikhiqiza ukumelana nokukhuphuka kwamandla aphezulu, okuqinisekisa ukuzinza koxhumano ngisho nangaphansi kokugcwala isikhathi eside nokushisa ngokweqile.

6. Amandla okuzithwala aqinile

Ingxubevange ye-aluminium ithuthukise amandla e-aluminium ehlanzekile, ikhebula le-aluminium alloy lingasekela amamitha angu-4000 wesisindo, ikhebula lethusi lingasekela amamitha angu-2750 kuphela.Le nzuzo ibonakala ikakhulukazi ekufakweni kwezintambo zezakhiwo ezinkulu ezifana nenkundla yezemidlalo.

7. Ukuvumelana nezimo

Ingxubevange ye-aluminium inezinto zokugoba ezinhle kakhulu, ifomula yayo eyingqayizivele ye-alloy, ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula, ukuze ukuguquguquka kuthuthuke kakhulu.Ama-alloys e-Aluminium avumelana nezimo ngo-30% kunethusi futhi awakwazi ukuqina ngo-40% kunethusi.Ngokuvamile, indawo egobayo yekhebula yethusi inobubanzi obuphindwe ka-10 ~ 20, kodwa i-radius egotshwayo yekhebula le-aluminium inobubanzi obuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-7 kuphela, ngakho-ke kulula ukuxhuma amatheminali.

8. Izici zokucindezela

Mayelana ne-volume conductivity kuphela, i-aluminium alloy ayilungile njengethusi, kodwa ama-conductor esiwathuthukisile awazange athuthuke nje kuphela ezintweni ezibonakalayo, kodwa futhi enze impumelelo enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe, kungokokuqala e-China ukuthi i-coefficient yokuhlanganiswa ingakwazi. finyelela ku-0.93 futhi i-coefficient yokuhlanganisa yephrofayili ingafinyelela ku-0.95.Ngokusebenzisa umkhawulo wokucindezelwa okuphezulu, ingenza ukushoda kwe-aluminium ingxubevange ekuqhubekiseni ivolumu, yenze umqhubi we-conductor ocijile njengomqhubi oqinile, ngokusobala inciphise ububanzi obuyinhloko, ithuthukise ukuqhutshwa kwe-conductivity, ububanzi obungaphandle bomqhubi bukhulu ngo-10% kuphela. kunaleyo yekhebula lethusi kumthamo ofanayo wokuthwala wamanje.