Photovoltaic modules zolumikizira zomwe sizinganyalanyazidwe: zinthu zazing'ono zimagwira ntchito yayikulu

Ma module a Photovoltaic ali ndi moyo wautumiki wopangira zaka zopitilira 25.Momwemonso, zofunikira zofananira zimayikidwa pa moyo wantchito wa zida zake zamagetsi.Chigawo chilichonse chamagetsi chimakhala ndi moyo wake wamakina.Moyo wamagetsi umagwirizana ndi phindu lalikulu la malo opangira magetsi.Choncho, moyo ndi khalidwe la zigawo zikuluzikulu ziyenera kulipidwa.

Zomera zambiri zamphamvu za photovoltaic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo otsetsereka, ndipo zina zimagawidwa ngati njira yopangira magetsi.Kugawa kumamwazikana.Mkhalidwe umenewu ndi wovuta kuusamalira.Pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama zowonongeka, njira yabwino ndiyo kupititsa patsogolo kudalirika kwa dongosolo, ndipo kudalirika kwa dongosololi kumadalira kudalirika kwa zigawo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dongosolo.

Zomwe timayang'ana pano sizinthu zazikulu zomwe mumaziwona nthawi zambiri, koma tizigawo ting'onoting'ono monga zolumikizira, zida zamagetsi zotsika mphamvu,zingwe, ndi zina zambiri. Kuchulukirachulukira, m'pamenenso kungayambitse mavuto.Today ife kusanthulazolumikizira.

Zolumikizira kulikonse

Pakukonza tsiku ndi tsiku kwa magetsi a photovoltaic, zida zazikulu monga zigawo, makabati ogawa magetsi a DC, ndi ma inverters ndizo zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimadetsa nkhawa.Gawo ili ndiloti tiyenera kukhala okhazikika komanso osasunthika, chifukwa ali ndi mwayi waukulu wolephera ndipo amakhudza kwambiri pambuyo polephera.

Koma mu maulalo ena, pali zolakwa zina zomwe anthu sakuzidziwa kapena kuzinyalanyaza.Ndipotu, ataya kale mphamvu zopangira magetsi mosadziwa.Mwanjira ina, apa ndipamene tingawonjezere kupanga mphamvu.Ndiye ndi zida ziti zomwe zimakhudza kupanga magetsi?

Pali malo ambiri pamalo opangira magetsi komwe kumafunikira ma interfaces.Zigawo, mabokosi ophatikizika, ma inverters, mabokosi ophatikizira, ndi zina zonse zimafunikira chipangizo——cholumikizira.Bokosi lililonse lolumikizana limagwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira.Chiwerengero cha bokosi lililonse lophatikizira chikugwirizana ndi kapangidwe kake.Nthawi zambiri, mapeyala 8 mpaka 16 amagwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe ma inverters amagwiritsa ntchito ma 2 mpaka 4 kapena kupitilira apo.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chiwerengero china cha zolumikizira chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga komaliza kwa siteshoni yamagetsi.

Zolephera zobisika zimachitika kawirikawiri

Cholumikizira ndi chaching'ono, maulalo ambiri amafunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wochepa.Ndipo pali makampani ambiri omwe amapanga cholumikizira.Pachifukwa ichi, anthu ochepa amamvetsera kugwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira, chomwe chidzachitike ngati chikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, ndipo ngati sichikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, zotsatira zake ndi zotani.Komabe, pambuyo poyendera mozama ndikumvetsetsa, zimapezeka kuti ndi chifukwa cha zifukwa izi zomwe zogulitsa ndi mpikisano mu ulalowu ndizosokoneza kwambiri.

Choyamba, timayamba kufufuza kuchokera ku terminal application.Popeza maulalo ambiri pamalo opangira magetsi amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira, titha kuwona kugwiritsa ntchito kwa zolumikizira zosiyanasiyana pamalopo, monga mabokosi ophatikizira, mabokosi ophatikizira, zigawo, zingwe, ndi zina zambiri, zolumikizira Mawonekedwe ake ndi ofanana.Zidazi ndizo zigawo zikuluzikulu za malo opangira magetsi.Nthawi zina pamakhala ngozi, anthu poyambirira ankaganiza kuti ndi vuto ndi bokosi lolumikizirana kapena gawo lomwelo.Pambuyo pofufuza, zidapezeka kuti zikugwirizana ndi cholumikizira.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati cholumikizira chikugwira moto, eni ake ambiri amadandaula za chigawocho, chifukwa mbali imodzi ya cholumikizira ndi chigawo chake, koma nthawi zina chimayamba chifukwa cha cholumikizira.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mavuto okhudzana ndi cholumikizira akuphatikizapo: kukana kukhudzana kwambiri, kutulutsa kutentha kwa cholumikizira, kufupikitsa moyo, moto pa cholumikizira, kutenthedwa kwa cholumikizira, kulephera kwamphamvu kwa zigawo za chingwe, kulephera kwa bokosi lolumikizirana, ndi chigawo kutayikira, etc., zomwe zingachititse kulephera dongosolo, mankhwala amakumbukira, dera kuwonongeka bolodi, rework ndi kukonzanso ndiye kuchititsa imfa ya zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi kukhudza mphamvu kutulutsa mphamvu ya siteshoni mphamvu, ndipo choopsa kwambiri ndi moto tsoka.

Mwachitsanzo, kukana kukhudzana kumakhala kokulirapo, ndipo kukana kolumikizana kwa cholumikizira kumakhudza mwachindunji mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi.Choncho, "otsika kukana kukhudzana" ndi chofunikira chofunikira pazitsulo za photovoltaic.Kuphatikiza apo, kukana kwambiri kukhudzana kungayambitsenso cholumikizira kutenthetsa ndikuyambitsa moto pambuyo pakuwotcha.Izi ndizomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zachitetezo m'mafakitale ambiri amagetsi a photovoltaic.

Kukayang'ana komwe kwayambitsa mavutowa, choyamba ndikuyika malo opangira magetsi m'gawo lomaliza.Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti malo ambiri opangira magetsi anali ndi vuto ndi magwiridwe antchito a zolumikizira zina panthawi yothamangira kunthawi yomanga, zomwe zidayika mwachindunji zoopsa zobisika zogwirira ntchito pambuyo pake.

Magulu omanga kapena makampani a EPC a malo ena akuluakulu oyambira pansi kumadzulo samvetsetsa bwino zolumikizira, ndipo pali mavuto ambiri oyika.Mwachitsanzo, cholumikizira chamtundu wa nati chimafunikira zida zaukadaulo kuti zithandizire.Pogwira ntchito moyenera, nati pa cholumikizira sungasokonezedwe mpaka kumapeto.Payenera kukhala kusiyana pafupifupi 2mm pa opareshoni (kusiyana kumadalira m'mimba mwake akunja chingwe).Kumangitsa nati mpaka kumapeto kumawononga ntchito yosindikiza ya cholumikizira.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pali mavuto mu crimping, chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti zida za crimping si akatswiri.Ogwira ntchito ena pamalowa amagwiritsa ntchito zida zopanda pake kapena zida zanthawi zonse zokhotakhota, zomwe zingayambitse kusakhazikika bwino, monga kupindika waya wamkuwa pamalo olumikizirana, kulephera kumangitsa mawaya amkuwa, kukanikiza molakwika kwa kutsekereza chingwe, ndi zina zotero, ndi zotsatira zake. Kusakhazikika bwino kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi chitetezo cha malo opangira magetsi.

Kuchita kwina ndi chifukwa cha kusawona bwino kwa kukhazikitsa bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa mtundu wa crimping.Ngati malo omangawo sangatsimikizire mtundu wa crimping iliyonse kuti agwire ntchito mofulumirirapo, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zida zopanda ntchito kungayambitse mavuto ambiri.

Maluso a installers okha amakhudza mlingo wa unsembe cholumikizira.Pazifukwa izi, makampani odziwa bwino ntchitoyo akuwonetsa kuti ngati zida zaukadaulo ndi njira zolondola zogwirira ntchito zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, mtundu wa polojekitiyo udzakhala wabwino.

Vuto lachiwiri ndilakuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana zolumikizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosokoneza.Zolumikizira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimalumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake.Mabokosi ophatikizika, mabokosi ophatikizira, ndi ma inverters onse amagwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo kufananitsa kwa zolumikizira sikuganiziridwa nkomwe.

Mtolankhaniyo adafunsana ndi eni eni amagetsi angapo ndi makampani a EPC, ndikufunsa ngati akudziwa zolumikizira, ndipo zolumikizirazo zitakhala ndi zovuta zofananira, mayankho awo onse anali otayika.Ogwira ntchito ndi kukonza masiteshoni akuluakulu amagetsi apansi pawokha adati: "Cholumikizira chimanena kuti chingathe kulumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake, ndipo chimatha kulumikizidwa ku MC4."

Zimamveka kuti mayankho ochokera kwa eni ake ndi ogwira ntchito ndi osamalira ndi oona.Pakadali pano, onse opanga ma photovoltaic cholumikizira adzalengeza kwa makasitomala awo kuti atha kulumikiza ndi MC4.Chifukwa chiyani MC4 ili?

Zimanenedwa kuti MC4 ndi cholumikizira cholumikizira.Wopanga ndi Swiss Stäubli Multi-Contact (yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa MC pamakampani), ndipo gawo la msika la 50% kuyambira 2010 mpaka 2013. MC4 ndi chitsanzo pagulu lazinthu zamakampani, zomwe zimadziwika bwino chifukwa cha malonda ake. ntchito yaikulu.

Ndiye, zolumikizira zina pamsika zitha kulumikizidwa ndi MC4?

Poyankhulana, a Hong Weigang, manejala wa dipatimenti ya photovoltaic ya Stäubli Multi-Contact, adayankha momveka bwino: "Gawo lalikulu lavuto la zolumikizira limachokera ku kuphatikizana.Sitikulimbikitsanso kuti zolumikizira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ziphatikizidwe ndikugwirizana.Ndizosaloledwanso.Zolumikizira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana sizingafanane, ndipo kukana kulumikizana kumawonjezeka ngati kugwiritsiridwa ntchito motere.Bungwe la certification linanenanso kuti kuseweretsa modzi nkosaloledwa, ndipo zinthu zokhazo zochokera kwa wopanga yemweyo zimaloledwa kukwatiwa.Zogulitsa za MC zitha kufananizidwa ndikulumikizidwa komanso zogwirizana. ”

Pankhaniyi, tidakambirana ndi makampani awiri a certification, TüV Rheinland ndi TüV South Germany, ndipo yankho linali loti zolumikizira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana sizingafanane.Ngati mukuyenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito, ndi bwino kuti muyeseretu zofananira.Xu Hailiang, Woyang'anira TüV SÜD Photovoltaic Department, adati: "Zolumikizira zina zotsanzira zimakhala ndi mapangidwe omwewo, koma magwiridwe antchito amagetsi ndi osiyana, ndipo zopangira ndizosiyana.Mavuto ambiri awonekera pamayeso apano ofananira.Kupyolera mu kuyesa, eni ake a magetsi amatha kuphunzira zambiri za mavutowa pasadakhale, mwachitsanzo, pambuyo pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali, padzakhala kusagwirizana m'madera ovuta m'tsogolomu."Ananena kuti eni magawo ndi masiteshoni amagetsi akuyenera kulabadira zomwe zidapangidwa ndi mafotokozedwe a satifiketi, kenako aganizire momwe angasankhire zolumikizira.

"Zomwe zili bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwezo kuchokera kukampani imodzi m'magulu ofanana, koma malo ambiri opangira magetsi amakhala ndi othandizira angapo.Kaya zolumikizira izi zitha kufanana ndi ngozi yobisika.Mwachitsanzo, malo opangira magetsi ali ndi zolumikizira za MC, RenHe, ndi Quick Contact, ngakhale makampani atatuwa akutsimikizira mtundu wazinthu, amayenera kuganiziranso za kufananiza.Pofuna kuchepetsa chiwopsezocho momwe angathere, makampani ambiri komanso osunga ndalama pamagetsi ena akupempha mwachangu kuyesa kofananira.Malinga ndi Zhu Qifeng, woyang'anira malonda a TüV SÜD photovoltaic product, Zhang Jialin, woyang'anira malonda ku TüV Rheinland photovoltaic dipatimenti, nawonso amavomereza.Ananenanso kuti Rheinland yachita mayeso ambiri, ndipo popeza kuti mavuto amapezeka, kukwatirana sikoyenera.

"Ngati kukana kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, cholumikizira chidzawotcha moto, ndipo kukana kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti cholumikizira chiwotche, ndipo zigawo za chingwezo zimadulidwa.Kuonjezera apo, makampani ambiri apakhomo amadalira kugwirizana kolimba pamene akuyika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mawonekedwewo azitentha, ndipo chingwe chimakhala ndi mavuto., Kutentha kwa kutentha kumafika madigiri 12-20.Shen Qianping, katswiri wazogulitsa mu dipatimenti ya photovoltaic ya Stäubli Multi-Contact, adawonetsa kuopsa kwa vutoli.

Akuti MC sinaulule konse kulolerana kwa zinthu zake.Mwanjira ina, zolumikizira zambiri za photovoltaic pamsika zimatengera kusanthula kwa zitsanzo za MC4 kuti apange zololera zawo.Mosasamala kanthu za chikoka cha zinthu zowongolera kupanga, kulolerana kwazinthu zosiyanasiyana kumakhala kosiyana.Pali zoopsa zazikulu zobisika pamene zolumikizira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimalumikizidwa wina ndi mzake, makamaka m'malo akuluakulu opangira magetsi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira zambiri.

Pakalipano, pali mkangano waukulu m'makampani ogwirizanitsa ndi mabokosi ophatikizika m'makampani okhudzana ndi kuyika pamodzi.Makampani angapo ojambulira m'nyumba ndi mabokosi ophatikizika adati zinthu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zapambana mayeso akampani yoyendera ndipo zilibe vuto.

Chifukwa palibe mulingo wogwirizana, miyezo yamakampani otsimikizira ndi kuyesa makampani sali ofanana.EUROLAB ili ndi kusiyana kwina ndi t ü V Rhine, Nande ndi UL pamavuto olumikizirana.Malinga ndi Cheng Wanmao, manejala wa gulu la photovoltaic la EUROLAB, mavuto ambiri sanapezeke pamayeso ofananira apano.Komabe, ponena za luso laukadaulo, kuwonjezera pa vuto la kukana, pali vuto la arcing.Kotero pali zoopsa zobisika mu inter-plugging ndi mating a zolumikizira.

Vuto lachitatu ndikuti makampani opanga zolumikizira amasakanikirana, ndipo makampani ang'onoang'ono ambiri komanso ma workshop amakhudzidwa.Ndinapeza chodabwitsa mu kafukufukuyu.Opanga zolumikizira kunyumba ambiri amatcha zolumikizira zawo ndi MC4.Iwo amaganiza kuti ili ndi nthawi yanthawi zonse yolumikizirana ndi makampani.Palinso makampani omwe amasiya ngakhale zabodza ndikusindikiza mwachindunji chizindikiro cha kampani ya MC.

"Zolumikizira zabodza izi zolembedwa ndi logo ya kampani ya MC zidabwezedwa kuti zikayesedwe, zidakhala zovuta kwambiri.Kumbali imodzi, tidakondwera ndi gawo lathu lazinthu komanso kutchuka.Kumbali ina, tinkalimbana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana achinyengo, komanso ndi mtengo wotsika.”Malinga ndi MC Hong Weigang, malinga ndi momwe MC ikupangira padziko lonse lapansi 30-35GW, sikelo yachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo kuwongolera mtengo kwachitika bwino kwambiri.“Koma n’chifukwa chiyani ali otsika kuposa ife?Timayambira pakusankha Zinthu, kuyika kwaukadaulo wapakatikati, njira zopangira, zida zopangira, kuwongolera bwino ndi zina zimawunikidwa.Kuzindikira kwamitengo yotsika nthawi zambiri kumapereka zinthu zambiri.Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachiwiri zobwereranso pakali pano ndi cholakwika chofala pakuchepetsa mtengo.Mpikisano wamtengo wotsika umatengera Ichi ndi chowonadi chosavuta chokhudzana ndi kudula ngodya ndi zida.Ponena za mafakitale a photovoltaic, kuchepetsa mtengo ndi ntchito yopitirira komanso yovuta.Magawo onse amakampani akugwira ntchito molimbika, monga kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, kuwonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi, komanso kapangidwe kazinthu zosokoneza.Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa makina opangira makina, ndi zina zambiri. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo kuchepetsa mtengo komanso kusatsitsa mtundu wazinthu ndi mfundo yomwe iyenera kutsatiridwa."

Shen Qianping wa MC Company anawonjezera kuti: "Makope amafunikiranso ukadaulo.MC ili ndi teknoloji ya Multiam Technology watchband (teknoloji yovomerezeka), yomwe siingathe kutsimikizira kuti kukana kwa cholumikizira ndikotsika kwambiri, komanso kumakhala ndi kukana kosalekeza kocheperako.Itha kuwerengedwanso ndikuwongolera.Kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe apano ndi kukana kulumikizana kungawerengedwe.Kukaniza kwa mfundo ziwiri zolumikizirana kungathe kufufuzidwa kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa malo ochotsera kutentha, ndikusankha cholumikizira choyenera malinga ndi zosowa za kasitomala.Ukadaulo wa zingwe umafuna ukadaulo wovuta kwambiri, womwe umatsanzira kwambiri.Otsanziridwa ndi osavuta kupunduka.Uwu ndiye ukadaulo wamakampani aku Swiss, ndipo ndalama ndi mtengo wa kapangidwe kazinthu sizingafanane. ”

4 miliyoni kWh m'zaka 25

Zimamveka kuti ndizofunikira kuti zolumikizira zisunge kukana kukhudzana, ndipo makampani ambiri m'makampaniwa ayamba kutero, koma kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali komanso kukana kukhudzana kochepa kumafunikira ukadaulo wokhazikika komanso chithandizo cha R&D, chopitilira nthawi yayitali- kukhazikika kwa nthawi ndi kukhudzana otsika Kukaniza sikumangotsimikizira bwino ntchito yanthawi zonse ya maulalo ang'onoang'ono a malo opangira magetsi, komanso kumapangitsanso phindu losayembekezereka kwa malo opangira magetsi.

Kodi kukana kolumikizana kwa cholumikizira cha PV kumakhudza bwanji magwiridwe antchito amagetsi a PV?Hong Weigang adawerengera izi.Potengera pulojekiti ya PV ya 100MW monga chitsanzo, adafanizira kukana kolumikizana kwa cholumikizira cha MC PV (chiwerengero cha 0.35m Ω) ndi kukana kopitilira muyeso kwa 5m Ω komwe kumatchulidwa mu en50521 yapadziko lonse lapansi.Poyerekeza ndi kukana kwambiri kukhudzana, kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kumapangitsa kuti PV ikhale yogwira ntchito Pafupifupi 160000 kwh magetsi ochulukirapo amapangidwa chaka chilichonse, ndipo pafupifupi 4 miliyoni kwh magetsi ambiri amapangidwa m'zaka 25.Zitha kuwoneka kuti phindu lazachuma lomwe limabweretsedwa ndi kukana kwapang'onopang'ono kosalekeza ndilofunika kwambiri.Poganizira kuti kukana kukhudzana kwambiri ndizovuta kwambiri, kusinthidwa kwa magawo ambiri ndi nthawi yokonzanso kumafunika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mtengo wokonza wokwera kwambiri.

"M'tsogolomu, makampaniwa adzakhala akatswiri kwambiri, ndipo padzakhala kusiyana koonekeratu pakati pa kupanga bokosi lamagulu ndi kupanga zolumikizira.Miyezo yolumikizirana ndi mabokosi ophatikizika idzapititsidwa patsogolo m'magawo awo, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zinthu pamalumikizidwe onse azinthu zamafakitale kupitirizidwa, "atero a Hong WeingGang.Zoonadi, pamapeto pake, makampani omwe akufunadi kukhala a nthawi yayitali adzayang'anitsitsa zinthu zomwezo, ndondomeko, mlingo wopanga ndi chizindikiro.Pankhani ya zinthu zomwezo, zida zamkuwa zakunja ndi zida zamkuwa zapakhomo ndi zida zamkuwa zomwe zili ndi dzina lomwelo, koma magawo azinthu mwa iwo ndi osiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kwa magwiridwe antchito.Chifukwa chake, tiyenera kuphunzira ndi kudziunjikira kwa nthawi yayitali. ”

Chifukwa cholumikizira ndi "chaching'ono", wopanga magetsi ndi kampani ya EPC saganizira kawirikawiri kufanana kwa cholumikizira popanga ndi kumanga malo opangira magetsi;wothandizira chigawocho amaperekanso chidwi chochepa kwambiri pa cholumikizira posankha bokosi lolowera;Eni ake amagetsi ndi ogwira ntchito alibe njira yomvetsetsa momwe zolumikizira zimakhudzira.Choncho, pali zoopsa zambiri zobisika vutoli lisanawonekere kudera lalikulu.

Photovoltaic backplanes, PID solar cell, nawonso chidwi chamakampaniwo atavumbulutsidwa.Tikuyembekeza kuti cholumikiziracho chingathe kukopa chidwi chisanadze vutolo m'dera lalikulu, ndikuletsa vutoli lisanachitike.