Moderi ihuza Photovoltaic idashobora kwirengagizwa: ibintu bito bigira uruhare runini

Moderi ya Photovoltaque ifite igishushanyo mbonera cyubuzima burenze imyaka 25.Mu buryo buhuye, ibisabwa bihuye byashyizweho mubuzima bwakazi bwibikoresho byamashanyarazi.Buri kintu cyose cyamashanyarazi gifite ubuzima bwubukanishi.Ubuzima bwamashanyarazi bujyanye ninyungu zanyuma za sitasiyo.Kubwibyo, ubuzima nubwiza bwibigize bigomba kwitabwaho.

Amashanyarazi menshi ya Photovoltaque akoreshwa mubice bya plateau, kandi amwe murimwe yatanzwe muburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi.Isaranganya riratatanye.Ibi biragoye kubigumana.Kugirango ugabanye ibiciro byo kubungabunga, inzira nziza nugutezimbere kwizerwa rya sisitemu, kandi kwizerwa kwa sisitemu biterwa nubwizerwe bwibigize bikoreshwa muri sisitemu.

Ibice twita hano ntabwo aribice byingenzi mubisanzwe mubona, ariko ugereranije nibice bito nkibihuza, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bito,insinga, nibindi byinshi birambuye, birashoboka cyane gutera ibibazo.Uyu munsi tuzasesenguraabahuza.

Abahuza ahantu hose

Mu gufata neza buri munsi amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi, ibikoresho byingenzi nkibigize, akabati ko gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ya DC, hamwe na inverter nicyo kintu nyamukuru gihangayikishije.Iki gice nuko tugomba gukomeza ibisanzwe kandi bihamye, kuko bifite amahirwe menshi yo gutsindwa kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye nyuma yo gutsindwa.

Ariko mubihuza bimwe, hari amakosa abantu batazi cyangwa birengagije.Mubyukuri, bamaze gutakaza ingufu zitabizi.Muyandi magambo, aha niho dushobora kongera ingufu z'amashanyarazi.Nibihe bikoresho bigira ingaruka kumashanyarazi?

Hano harahantu henshi mumashanyarazi hakenewe intera.Ibigize, agasanduku gahuza, inverter, udusanduku twa kombine, nibindi byose bikenera igikoresho —— umuhuza.Buri gasanduku gahuza gakoresha guhuza.Umubare wa buri komatanya agasanduku kajyanye nigishushanyo.Mubisanzwe, ibice 8 kugeza kuri 16 bikoreshwa, mugihe inverters ikoresha ibice 2 kugeza kuri 4 cyangwa byinshi.Muri icyo gihe, umubare runaka wihuza ugomba gukoreshwa mubwubatsi bwa nyuma bwamashanyarazi.

Kunanirwa guhishe bikunze kugaragara

Umuhuza ni muto, amahuza menshi agomba gukoreshwa, kandi ikiguzi ni gito.Kandi hariho ibigo byinshi bitanga umuhuza.Kubera iyo mpamvu, abantu bake bitondera ikoreshwa ryumuhuza, bizagenda bite iyo ikoreshejwe neza, kandi niba idakoreshejwe neza ni izihe ngaruka.Ariko, nyuma yo gusurwa byimbitse no kubyumva, usanga mubyukuri biterwa nizo mpamvu ko ibicuruzwa n'amarushanwa muriyi link ari akajagari cyane.

Mbere ya byose, dutangiye gukora iperereza uhereye kumurongo wanyuma.Kubera ko amahuza menshi mumashanyarazi akeneye gukoresha umuhuza, turashobora kubona progaramu yibicuruzwa byihuza bitandukanye kurubuga, nkibisanduku bihuza, agasanduku gahuza, ibice, insinga, nibindi, abahuza Imiterere irasa.Ibi bikoresho nibice byingenzi bigize amashanyarazi.Rimwe na rimwe habaho impanuka, abantu babanje gutekereza ko arikibazo cyisanduku ihuza cyangwa ibice ubwabyo.Nyuma yiperereza, byagaragaye ko bifitanye isano nu muhuza.

Kurugero, niba umuhuza afashe umuriro, ba nyirubwite benshi bazinubira ibice, kuko impera imwe yumuhuza niyibigize, ariko rimwe na rimwe biterwa nukuri.

Dukurikije imibare, ibibazo bifitanye isano n’umuhuza birimo: kongera imbaraga zo guhangana n’umuhuza, kubyara ubushyuhe bw’umuhuza, igihe gito cyo kubaho, umuriro ku muhuza, gutwika umuhuza, kunanirwa kw'ibikoresho by'umugozi, kunanirwa kw'agasanduku gahuza, na kumeneka ibice, nibindi, bishobora gutera kunanirwa na sisitemu, kwibutsa ibicuruzwa, kwangirika kwumuzunguruko, kongera gukora no gusana bizahita bitera gutakaza ibice byingenzi kandi bigira ingaruka kumikorere yumuriro w'amashanyarazi, kandi igikomeye ni impanuka yumuriro.

Kurugero, ihuriro ryitumanaho riba rinini, kandi kurwanya guhuza kwihuza bigira ingaruka itaziguye kumashanyarazi.Kubwibyo, "kurwanya imikoranire mike" nibisabwa bikenewe kubihuza amafoto.Byongeye kandi, kwihanganira cyane guhura nabyo birashobora gutuma umuhuza ashyuha kandi bigatera umuriro nyuma yo gushyuha.Iyi nayo niyo nyirabayazana yibibazo byumutekano mumashanyarazi menshi yifotora.

Kurikirana inyuma yinkomoko yibi bibazo, icya mbere nugushiraho sitasiyo yamashanyarazi mugice cyanyuma.Iperereza ryerekanye ko amashanyarazi menshi yagize ibibazo bijyanye n’imikorere ya bamwe mu bahuza mu gihe cyo kwihutisha igihe cy’ubwubatsi, ibyo bikaba byashyize mu kaga akaga kihishe ku mikorere yakurikiyeho.

Amatsinda yubwubatsi cyangwa ibigo bya EPC bya nini nini nini zishingiye kubutaka bushingiye kubutaka muburengerazuba ntibumva neza abahuza, kandi hariho ibibazo byinshi byo kwishyiriraho.Kurugero, umutobe wubwoko uhuza bisaba ibikoresho byumwuga kubikorwa byubufasha.Mugihe gikwiye, ibinyomoro kumuhuza ntibishobora gukururwa kugeza kumpera.Hagomba kubaho icyuho cya 2mm mugihe cyo gukora (icyuho giterwa na diameter yo hanze ya kabili).Kwizirika ibinyomoro kugeza ku ndunduro bizangiza imikorere yo gufunga umuhuza.

Mugihe kimwe, hariho ibibazo mukunyerera, icyingenzi nuko ibikoresho byo guhonyora atari umwuga.Bamwe mu bakozi ku rubuga bakoresha mu buryo butaziguye ubuziranenge cyangwa ibikoresho rusange byo gutobora, ibyo bikaba bizatera guhungabana nabi, nko kunama insinga z'umuringa hamwe, kunanirwa gutemagura insinga z'umuringa, gukanda nabi ku nsinga, n'ibindi, n'ingaruka zabyo. yo kugabanuka nabi bifitanye isano itaziguye n'umutekano w'amashanyarazi.

Indi mikorere iterwa no guhuma buhumyi bwo gukora neza, bigatuma igabanuka ryubwiza bwa crimping.Niba ikibanza cyubwubatsi kidashobora kwemeza ubwiza bwa buri gutambuka kugirango wihutishe akazi, hamwe no gukoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe bizatera ibibazo byinshi.

Ubuhanga bwabashizeho ubwabo bugira ingaruka kurwego rwo kwishyiriraho.Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibigo byumwuga mu nganda byerekana ko niba hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byumwuga nuburyo bukwiye bwo gukora, ireme ryumushinga rizanozwa.

Ikibazo cya kabiri nuko ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bihuza bikoreshwa mukwitiranya.Abahuza ibirango bitandukanye bacometse hamwe.Agasanduku gahuza, udusanduku duhuza, hamwe na inverter zose zikoresha guhuza ibirango bitandukanye, kandi guhuza abahuza ntibifatwa na gato.

Umunyamakuru yabajije abafite amashanyarazi menshi hamwe n’amasosiyete ya EPC, abaza niba bazi ibijyanye n’umuhuza, kandi iyo abahuza bafite ibibazo bihuye, ibisubizo byabo byose byari igihombo.Abakozi bashinzwe ibikorwa byo kubungabunga no gufata neza sitasiyo nini nini ku butaka bagize bati: “Utanga umuhuza atangaza ko ishobora gucomeka, kandi ishobora gucomeka muri MC4.”

Byumvikane ko ibitekerezo byatanzwe na ba nyirubwite nibikorwa no kubungabunga no kubungabunga abakozi nukuri.Kugeza ubu, mubyukuri abatanga amafoto yose yerekana amafoto bazamenyesha abakiriya babo ko bashobora gucomeka hamwe na MC4.Kuki MC4?

Biravugwa ko MC4 nicyitegererezo cyibicuruzwa bihuza.Uruganda ni Umusuwisi Stäubli Multi-Contact (bakunze kwita MC mu nganda), hamwe n’isoko rirenga 50% kuva mu 2010 kugeza 2013. MC4 ni icyitegererezo mu bicuruzwa by’uruganda, bizwi cyane kubera Porogaramu.

None, ibindi bicuruzwa bihuza ibicuruzwa kumasoko birashobora rwose gucomeka hamwe na MC4?

Mu kiganiro, Hong Weigang, umuyobozi w’ishami ry’amafoto ya Stäubli Multi-Contact, yatanze igisubizo nyacyo: “Igice kinini cy’ikibazo cy’abahuza ni ugushyira hamwe.Ntabwo twigera dusaba ko abahuza ibirango bitandukanye byinjizwamo kandi bigahuzwa.Ntabwo byemewe.Abahuza ibirango bitandukanye ntibishobora guhuzwa, kandi guhangana kwabo biziyongera niba bikozwe murubwo buryo.Urwego rushinzwe gutanga ibyemezo rwavuze kandi ko gushyingiranwa bitemewe, kandi ibicuruzwa byuruhererekane rumwe biva mu ruganda rumwe biremewe guhuzwa.Ibicuruzwa bya MC birashobora guhuzwa, bigacomeka kandi bigahuzwa. ”

Kuri iki kibazo, twaganiriye n’amasosiyete abiri atanga ibyemezo, TüV Rheinland na TüV mu Budage bw’Amajyepfo, kandi igisubizo ni uko ibicuruzwa bihuza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bidashobora guhuzwa.Niba ugomba kuyikoresha, nibyiza gukora ikizamini gihuye mbere.Xu Hailiang, Umuyobozi w’ishami ry’amafoto ya TüV SÜD, yagize ati: “Bamwe mu bahuza bigana bafite igishushanyo kimwe, ariko imikorere y’amashanyarazi iratandukanye, kandi ibicuruzwa biratandukanye.Ibibazo byinshi byagaragaye mubizamini bihuye.Binyuze mu igeragezwa, abafite amashanyarazi barashobora kwiga byinshi kubibazo hakiri kare, kurugero, nyuma yo gukoresha igihe kirekire, hazabaho kudahuza mubidukikije bikaze mugihe kizaza.Yakomeje agira ati: “Yasabye ko abafite amashanyarazi na sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi bagomba kwitondera ibikoresho n'ibicuruzwa bisobanurwa, hanyuma bagatekereza uburyo bwo guhitamo umuhuza.

”Ikintu cyiza cyane ni ugukoresha ibicuruzwa bimwe biva mu kigo kimwe mu murongo umwe, ariko sitasiyo nyinshi zifite amashanyarazi menshi.Niba abahuza bashobora guhuzwa ni akaga kihishe.Kurugero, sitasiyo yamashanyarazi ifite umuhuza wa MC, RenHe, na Byihuse, nubwo ibigo bitatu byemeza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, baracyakeneye gusuzuma ikibazo cyo guhuza.Kugirango ugabanye ingaruka zishoboka zose, ibigo byinshi nabashoramari bamwe na bamwe basaba amashanyarazi basaba byimazeyo ibizamini bihuye.Nk’uko byatangajwe na Zhu Qifeng, umuyobozi ushinzwe kugurisha ishami ry’ibicuruzwa bifotora bya TüV SÜD, Zhang Jialin, umuyobozi ushinzwe kugurisha ishami ry’amafoto ya TüV Rheinland, na we arabyemera.Yavuze ko Rheinland yakoze ibizamini byinshi, kandi kubera ko ibibazo bibonetse, kubana ntibyemewe.

"Niba kurwanya ari binini cyane, umuhuza azafata umuriro, kandi guhangana cyane bizatera umuhuza gutwika, kandi ibice bigize umugozi bizacibwa.Byongeye kandi, amasosiyete menshi yo murugo yishingikiriza kumasano akomeye mugihe ushyiraho, bigatuma interineti ishyuha, kandi insinga ikunda ibibazo., Ikosa ry'ubushyuhe rigera kuri dogere 12-20. ”Shen Qianping, impuguke mu bicuruzwa mu ishami ry’amafoto ya Stäubli Multi-Contact, yerekanye uburemere bw’iki kibazo.

Biravugwa ko MC itigeze igaragaza kwihanganira ibicuruzwa byayo.Mu yandi magambo, ibyinshi mu bifotora bifotora ku isoko bishingiye ku isesengura ry’icyitegererezo cya MC4 kugirango bigaragaze kwihanganira ibicuruzwa byabo.Hatitawe ku ngaruka ziterwa no kugenzura umusaruro, kwihanganira ibicuruzwa bitandukanye biratandukanye.Hano hari akaga gakomeye kihishe mugihe abahuza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bacometse hamwe, cyane cyane mumashanyarazi manini akoresha byinshi.

Kugeza ubu, hari impaka nini mu masosiyete ahuza amasanduku ahuza inganda mu nganda zerekeye ikibazo cyo kwinjiza.Umubare utari muto w’ibihuza mu gihugu hamwe n’amasosiyete ahuza amasanduku yavuze ko ibicuruzwa by’ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byatsinze ikizamini cya sosiyete y'ubugenzuzi kandi nta ngaruka bifite.

Kuberako ntamahame ahuriweho, ibipimo byimpamyabushobozi hamwe nibigo bipima inganda ntabwo ari bimwe.Intertek ifite itandukaniro na t ü V Rhine, Nande na UL mubibazo byo guhuza guhuza.Nk’uko byatangajwe na Cheng Wanmao, umuyobozi w'itsinda ry'amafoto ya Intertek, ngo ibibazo byinshi ntibyabonetse mu bizamini bimwe bihuye.Ariko, kubijyanye nurwego rwa tekiniki, usibye ikibazo cyo guhangana, hariho ikibazo cya arcing.Hariho rero akaga kihishe muguhuza-guhuza no guhuza abahuza.

Ikibazo cya gatatu nuko amasosiyete akora inganda zihuza avanze, kandi ibigo byinshi bito ndetse n'amahugurwa arimo.Nabonye ibintu bisekeje mubushakashatsi.Abakora uruganda rwinshi murugo bita ibicuruzwa byabo bihuza ni MC4.Batekereza ko ariryo jambo rusange kubahuza inganda.Hariho kandi ibigo kugiti cye ndetse bigasiga impimbano kandi bigacapa neza ikirango cya sosiyete MC.

”Igihe aba bahuza b'impimbano baranga ikirango cya MC bagaruwe kugirango bagerageze, twumvaga bigoye cyane.Ku ruhande rumwe, twishimiye kugabana ibicuruzwa no gukundwa.Ku rundi ruhande, twagombaga gukemura ibibazo bitandukanye by'amiganano, kandi ni n'ibiciro biri hasi. ”Nk’uko MC Hong Weigang abitangaza ngo ukurikije ubushobozi MC ifite ubu ku isi bugera kuri 30-35GW, igipimo cyaragabanutse ku buryo bukabije, kandi kugenzura ibiciro byakozwe neza cyane.Ati: “Ariko kuki bakomeje kuturusha?Dutangirira kumahitamo yibikoresho, tekinoroji yibanze yinjiza, inzira yo gukora, ibikoresho byo gukora, kugenzura ubuziranenge nibindi bisesengurwa.Kumenya ibiciro biri hasi akenshi bitanga ibintu byinshi.Gukoresha ibikoresho byongeye kugaruka ni ikosa risanzwe mumyitwarire yo kugabanya ibiciro.Irushanwa ridahenze rikunda Kuri Uku nukuri kworoshye bijyanye no guca inguni nibikoresho.Ku bijyanye n’inganda zifotora, kugabanya ibiciro ni umurimo uhoraho kandi utoroshye.Ibice byose byinganda birakora cyane, nko kunoza imikorere ihinduka, kongera ingufu za sisitemu, hamwe no gushushanya ibice.Kongera urwego rwo kwikora, n'ibindi. Ariko icyarimwe, kugabanya ibiciro no kutigera ugabanya ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa ni ihame rigomba kubahirizwa. ”

Shen Qianping wo muri sosiyete ya MC yongeyeho ati: “Copycats nayo ikeneye ikoranabuhanga.MC ifite tekinoroji ya Multiam Technology ikorana buhanga (tekinoroji yemewe), idashobora kwemeza gusa ko imiyoboro ihuza abahuza ari mike cyane, ariko kandi ikagira imbaraga zo gukomeza guhura.Irashobora kandi kubarwa no kugenzurwa.Ni bangahe bigenda bitemba hamwe no kurwanya guhuza bishobora kubarwa.Kurwanya ingingo zombi zahuza birashobora gusesengurwa kugirango umenye umwanya wo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, hanyuma uhitemo ibicuruzwa bihuza ukurikije ibyo umukiriya akeneye.Ikoranabuhanga rya strap risaba tekinoroji igoye itunganijwe, irigana cyane.Abigana biroroshye guhindura.Ubu ni bwo buryo bwo gukusanya ikoranabuhanga rya sosiyete yo mu Busuwisi, kandi ishoramari n'agaciro k'ibicuruzwa ubwabyo ntibishobora kugereranywa. ”

Miliyoni 4 kWh mu myaka 25

Byumvikane ko ari ikintu cyibanze gisabwa kugirango abahuza bakomeze guhangana n’itumanaho rito, kandi ibigo byinshi mu nganda byatangiye kubikora, ariko ituze rirambye hamwe n’imyitwarire idahwitse bisaba gukusanya ikoranabuhanga rihamye hamwe n’inkunga ya R&D, bikomeza igihe kirekire- ijambo gutekana no guhura gake Kurwanya ntabwo byemeza neza imikorere isanzwe yimiyoboro mito ya sitasiyo, ariko kandi bitanga inyungu zitunguranye kumashanyarazi.

Ni kangahe guhuza imikoranire ya PV ihuza bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya PV itanga amashanyarazi?Hong Weigang yabaze ibi.Afata urugero rwa 100MW PV nkurugero, yagereranije uburyo bwo guhuza imiyoboro ya MC PV (impuzandengo ya 0.35m Ω) hamwe n’umwanya ntarengwa wa 5m Ω ugaragara mu rwego mpuzamahanga en50521.Ugereranije n’umuvuduko mwinshi wo guhangana, kurwanya hasi ituma sisitemu ya PV ikora neza Hafi ya 160000 kwh amashanyarazi menshi atangwa buri mwaka, kandi amashanyarazi agera kuri miriyoni 4 kwh atangwa mumyaka 25.Birashobora kugaragara ko inyungu zubukungu zazanywe no gukomeza guhura kwinshi ari nto cyane.Urebye ko guhuza kwinshi guhura nabyo bikunze kunanirwa, gusimbuza ibice byinshi nigihe kinini cyo kubungabunga birakenewe, bivuze ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga byinshi.

”Mu bihe biri imbere, inganda zizarushaho kuba iz'umwuga, kandi hazabaho itandukaniro ryinshi kandi rigaragara hagati yo gukora agasanduku gahuza no gukora inganda.Ibipimo ngenderwaho hamwe n’isanduku ihuza bizarushaho kunozwa mu nzego zabo, kandi hazashyirwa ingufu mu guhuza ibikoresho mu masano yose y’inganda. ”Hong WeingGang.Birumvikana ko, amaherezo, ibigo bifuza rwose kuba birebire bizitondera ibikoresho ubwabyo, inzira, urwego rwinganda nikirangantego.Ukurikije ibikoresho ubwabyo, ibikoresho byumuringa byamahanga ndetse nibikoresho byumuringa murugo ni ibikoresho byumuringa bifite izina rimwe, ariko ibipimo byibintu muri byo biratandukanye, biganisha kubitandukanya mumikorere yibigize.Tugomba rero kwiga no kwegeranya igihe kirekire. ”

Kuberako umuhuza ari "muto", umushinga wamashanyarazi wubu hamwe nisosiyete ya EPC ntibakunze gutekereza guhuza umuhuza mugihe cyo gutegura no kubaka sitasiyo yamashanyarazi;abatanga ibice nabo ntibita cyane kumuhuza muguhitamo agasanduku gahuza;Abafite amashanyarazi na ba nyir'ibikorwa nta buryo bwo gusobanukirwa n'ingaruka z'abahuza.Kubwibyo, hari ibyago byinshi byihishe mbere yuko ikibazo kigaragara ahantu hanini.

Indege ya Photovoltaque, PID izuba, nazo zitaweho ninganda nyuma yikibazo kigaragaye.Twizere ko umuhuza ashobora gukurura ibitekerezo mbere yuko ikibazo kigaragara ahantu hanini, kandi ikarinda ikibazo mbere yuko kibaho.