Ubushinwa na Amerika bikorana, Photovoltaic izahura n'amahirwe

Ku ya 12 Ukuboza 2020, Umunyamabanga mukuru Xi Jinping yatangaje mu ijambo rye ry’ingenzi yise “Gukomeza kahise no gufungura urugendo rushya ku isi yose ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere”: Mu 2030, imyuka ya dioxyde de carbone mu Bushinwa kuri buri gice cya GDP izagabanuka cyane hejuru ya 65% ugereranije na 2005. Ingufu zidafite imyanda zizaba zigera kuri 25% by’ingufu z’ibanze zikoreshwa, kwegeranya amashyamba biziyongera kuri metero kibe miliyari 6 ugereranije na 2005, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwose bwashyizwehoingufu z'umuyaga n'ingufu z'izuba bizagera kuri kilowati zirenga miliyari 1,2.

Ku ya 13 Ukuboza, Biden, umwe mu bakandida ku mwanya wa perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, yatangaje ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ko azongera kwinjira mu masezerano y'i Paris nyuma y'iminsi 39, umunsi wa mbere w'irahira rye, kandi ko yiyemeje gutuma Amerika igera ku byuka bihumanya ikirere bitarenze 2050. “Umwuka wa zeru”.Ibi bihuye n’amagambo Biden yabanje kwiyamamaza avuga ko namara gutorerwa kuba perezida w’Amerika, azabikorakugenera miliyari 2 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu rwego rwo gushimangira ibikorwa remezo by'ingufu zisukuye igihugu no kugabanya gushingira ku bicanwa biva mu kirere.

Abayobozi b'Ubushinwa na Amerika baravuze kandi bazashyigikira byimazeyo iterambere ry’iterambere ry’ingufu zishobora kubaho.Iyi ninyungu nini yingufu zishobora kubaho kwisi, kandiAmashusho, ibiciro byihuta-bigabanuka kubyara ingufu mumyaka icumi ishize, ntagushidikanya.

Ubushinwa bwa PV

Mu myaka mike ishize, inganda z’amafoto y’Ubushinwa zageze ku bintu byiza cyane, kandiubushobozi bwuzuye bwashyizwe kumwanya wa mbere kwisi.Kugeza mu mpera za 2019, igihugu cyanjye gifite ubushobozi bwo gufotora amashanyarazi kigeze204.3GW, hamwe n’Amerika, biza ku mwanya wa kabiri, bifite ubushobozi bwo gushyiramo ubushobozi bwa 62.298GW gusa.Muri byo, ibyinshi mu bikoresho bifotora by’Ubushinwa ni kuva mu 2013 kugeza ubu, byerekana uburyo iterambere ry’inganda z’amafoto y’igihugu cyanjye ritangaje.

Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, guhera mu mpera za Nzeri 2020, ingufu z’umuyaga zashyizweho mu gihugu zari kilowati miliyoni 220, naho amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi yari kilowati miliyoni 220.Igiteranyo rusange cyari miliyoni 440 kilowatt.Haracyariho icyuho cya miliyoni 760 kilowat kuva kuri miliyari 1,2 kilowatt.

Niba ingufu z'umuyaga hamwe n’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi buri konti zingana na kimwe cya kabiri, ni ukuvuga ko mu myaka icumi kuva 2020 kugeza 2030, impuzandengo y’umwaka mushya ushyiramo amashanyarazi azaba 38GW, akaba arenze cyane ibyashizweho na 30.1GW bishya bifotora muri 2019. Muri kugereranya,amashanyarazi ya Photovoltaque ahenze cyane kuruta ingufu z'umuyaga.Kubwibyo, ubushobozi bushya bwa Photovoltaque bushobora kuba burenze 38GW.

Kubwiyi ntego, amasosiyete y’amafoto y’igihugu cyanjye yateguwe kuva kera.Kuva mu 2020, amasosiyete menshi yibigize arimo kwagura cyane umusaruro, ashyira mubikorwa cyangwa ateganya ibicuruzwa byinshi bibisi.Ibigo bimwe byanasinyanye amasezerano maremare nabatanga isoko yo mumyaka myinshi kugirango barebe ko ibikoresho bizaza bitangwa.Isoko ryizeye.

Birumvikana ko usibye isoko ryimbere mu gihugu, ibigo byinshi binareba amaso kumasoko yo hanze kandi bikagira uruhare rugaragara mugutanga amasoko yimishinga ifotora amashanyarazi mubindi bihugu cyangwa uturere.Inyungu zegeranijwe mu ikoranabuhanga n'ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro mu myaka yashize biteganijwe ko zizerekanwa mu marushanwa n'andi masosiyete yo mu karere.

Ubushinwa PV bukomeje kuba ibibazo

Kugeza ubu, ibigo bifotora mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere nabyo byahuye n'ibibazo bimwe na bimwe iyo “bijya mu nyanja”.Kurugero, politiki yagize ingaruka zikomeye kumasosiyete yifotora mubihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere.

Raporo iheruka gukorwa na Wang Bohua, umuyobozi wungirije akaba n’umunyamabanga mukuru w’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda z’amafoto y’Ubushinwa, ku isuzuma ry’iterambere ry’inganda zifotora mu gihe cy’imyaka 13 y’imyaka itanu n’icyerekezo cya gahunda y’imyaka 14 y’imyaka itanu, Igihugu cyanjye cyoherejwe na fotovoltaque module yoherejwe muri 2018 yagize ingaruka zikomeye muri Amerika na EU Impamvu nyamukuru ni201 ingamba zo kurindabyashyizwe mu bikorwa na Amerika naUmuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.

Nubwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu Burayi byasubukuwe, ntidushobora kuruhuka kuba maso.Mu bihe biri imbere, imishinga y’amafoto y’igihugu cyanjye irashobora gukurikiza umuvuduko w’iterambere ry’iterambere “Umukandara umwe Umuhanda umwe”Kandi wubake imishinga ifotora amashanyarazi mubihugu bikikije inzira kugirango ushireho ishusho nziza.

Imbere mu Gihugu,ibirarane mu gihugu cyanjye inkunga ya Photovoltaquenacyo nikibazo, gitera ibigo byinshi kwitotomba.Imikorere y’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi n’inganda yaba yaragize uruhare mu iterambere ry’amafoto y’amashanyarazi, ariko ibirarane by’inkunga byatumye ibigo byinshi birinda amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi, cyane cyane ibigo byigenga, amafaranga y’amafaranga akaba ari menshi, kandi bashobora kugurisha umutungo wabo gusa iyo batinze kubona inkunga.Mugabanye umwenda.

GCL Ingufu nshya, yagurishije inshuro nyinshi umutungo vuba aha, ni uruganda ruhagarariye.Kubwamahirwe, ikigo cya leta cyangwa ikigo gikuru kizigarurira, bitabaye ibyo amashanyarazi menshi arashobora kugwa muburyo budacungwa.

Mubyongeyeho, iterambere rinini ryamafoto yerekana amashusho ni kurigusimbuza ingufu zisanzwe, kandi ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ni ngombwa cyane.Kubwibyo, mugihe ubushobozi bwashyizweho bwamafoto akomeje guturika, hagomba kwitabwaho kubikurikiraibibazo byo gukoresha, hamwe nibikoreshwa byaho nibyo byibandwaho, ubundiamashanyarazi maremare noguhindura bizagabanya inyungu yikiguzi cyo kubyara amashanyarazi.

Kubijyanye nubushakashatsi niterambere, umusaruro munini wibikorwa byamasosiyete akomeye bizafasha rwose kugabanya ibiciro, ariko kubera igitutu cyimikorere, birashobora kandi kubatera kutamenya neza iterambere ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga kandi bikarenga nibindi bihugu.Kubwibyo, niyo ibigo byambere bifite inyungu zihagije, bigombashyigikira udushya twikoranabuhanga mubigo bito n'ibiciriritsen'amashuri makuru kugirango igihugu cyanjye kiza imbere mu nganda zifotora.

Amafoto y'Abanyamerika

Nkigihugu kinini gikoresha ingufu nigihugu gifite GDP nyinshi cyane kwisi, kugaruka kwa Amerika muri“Amasezerano y'i Paris”ni ingirakamaro cyane mu iterambere ry’ingufu zishobora kubaho ku isi.Muri 2019, mu gihirahiro cyo kuva mu "masezerano y'i Paris", ubushobozi bushya bwo gufotora bushya bwa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika buracyagera kuri 13.3GW, byerekana ishingiro n'imbaraga byimbitse.

Nk’uko Wood Mackenzie yabihanuye, amafoto yo mu rugo muri Amerika aziyongera cyane muri 2020-2025, biterwa ahaniniitandukaniro ry'imikoreshereze.Abaguzi bo murwego rwo hejuru muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika basa nkaho bahitamo amazu yumuryango umwe wumugi kuruta iterambere ryamafoto yo murugo Bizaba bihagaze neza.

Nubwo iyi mibare yombi ititaye ku cyorezo cy’icyorezo gishya cy’ikamba, ntibigeze banita kuri gahunda ya Biden miliyoni 2 y’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, bityo izaba ari imibare isa neza, ndetse ishobora no kurenga ibyo byari byitezwe.

Inguzanyo y'Ishusho: Igiti Mackenzie

Nkigihugu cyambere mu bushakashatsi n’ikoranabuhanga mu buhanga, ishoramari rinini rishobora kwemerera Amerika gutera intambwe mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ingenzi, cyangwa se gutera imbere, nkaimikorere yo guhindura imirasire y'izuba.

Ugomba kubimenyaTesla, isosiyete ifite agaciro gakomeye ku isoko ry’imodoka, ntabwo igurisha ibinyabiziga bishya gusa, ahubwo ifite imiterere yimbitseimirasire y'izubanakubika ingufu zisukuye.Byinshi muri sitasiyo ya super charger yubatswe muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika biva mumashanyarazi yumuriro, kandi hariho nigisubizo cyiza kubifotozi byo murugo, bishobora kuba ifarashi yijimye mumurima wamafoto.

Amahirwe ashoboka

Ariko, niba inganda iyo ariyo yose ishaka gutera imbere byihuse, ikintu cyingenzi niigiciro.Niba Amerika yoroheje politiki y’ubucuruzi, bizaba amahirwe akomeye ku masosiyete y’amafoto y’Abashinwa yinjira ku isoko ry’Amerika.

Nyuma yo kugabanuka byihuse kwibiciro bya module ya Photovoltaque, intambwe ikurikira nukwinjira mumiryango ibihumbi.Kubwibyoahazaza h'amafoto yatanzweni intumbero yiterambere, irashoborakwihutisha kumenyekanisha amafotonagukemura ikibazo cyo gukoresha.

Ariko, ugereranije na Photovoltaque yibanze, iyambere ifite ibyo isabwa cyane hamwe nibisabwa byo kwishyiriraho, kandi nyuma yo gukora no kubungabunga ibiciro biri hejuru gato.Igihe kimwe, igipimo ni gito.Uburyo bwo kuringaniza iterambere ryihuse nigiciro ni ikibazo kubushinwa na Amerika.Ibibazo bisanzwe mugutezimbere amafoto.

Ubushinwa na Amerika byavugiye mu majwi ko iterambere rikomeye ry’ingufu zishobora kubaho nta gushidikanya ko ari inyungu nini ku mafoto y’amashanyarazi, kandi nizera ko ashobora gufasha ibihugu byombi kugera ku ntego yakutabogama kwa karubonevuba bishoboka kandi dutezimbere iterambere ryisi yose “ingufu z'icyatsi“.