I-China kunye ne-United States basebenzisana kunye, i-photovoltaic iya kudibana nethuba

NgoDisemba 12, 2020, unobhala Jikelele u-Xi Jinping ubhengeze kwintetho yakhe ebalulekileyo enesihloko esithi "Ukuqhuba ixesha elidlulileyo kunye nokuvula uhambo olutsha lokusabela kwihlabathi jikelele kutshintsho lwemozulu": Ngo-2030, ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ye-carbon dioxide kwiyunithi nganye ye-GDP kuya kwehla ngokungaphezulu. ngaphezu kwama-65% xa kuthelekiswa no-2005. Amandla angengowamathambo aya kuphendula malunga ne-25% yokusetyenziswa kwamandla okuqala, ukuqokelela kwamahlathi kuya kwanda nge-6 billion cubic metres xa kuthelekiswa no-2005, kunye nomthamo ofakiweyo we-amandla omoya kunye namandla elanga aya kufikelela ngaphezu kwe-1.2 yebhiliyoni ye-kilowatts.

Nge-13 kaDisemba, uBiden, omnye wabagqatswa bakamongameli baseMelika, wathi kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo uzakuphinda ajoyine iSivumelwano saseParis kwiintsuku ezingama-39 kamva, usuku lokuqala lokumiselwa kwakhe, kwaye uzibophelele ekwenzeni i-United States ifezekise ukukhutshwa kwerhasi eluhlaza ngo-2050. "zero emission".Oku kuyangqinelana nengxelo yangaphambili yephulo likaBiden lokuba emva kokuba enyulwe njengomongameli wase-US, uya kwenza njaloyabe i-US$2 yetriliyoni ukuqinisa iziseko zoncedo zamandla acocekileyo zeli lizwe nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwayo kumafutha efosili.

Iinkokeli zase-China kunye ne-United States zithethile kwaye ziza kuxhasa ngamandla uphuhliso lophuhliso lwamandla ahlaziyekayo.Le yinzuzo enkulu yamandla ahlaziyekayo kwihlabathi, kwayeii-photovoltaics, elona xabiso likhawulezayo lokuvelisa amandla kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, ngokungathandabuzekiyo ingundoqo.

Isimo sePV saseTshayina

Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, imboni ye-photovoltaic yaseChina yenza impumelelo eqaqambileyo, kwayeUmthamo ofakiweyo uphelele ubeka indawo yokuqala kwihlabathi.Ukusukela ekupheleni kuka-2019, ilizwe lam lilonke inani elifakelweyo le-photovoltaic lifikile204.3GW, kunye neUnited States, ekwindawo yesibini, inomthamo ofakiweyo odibeneyo we-62.298GW kuphela.Phakathi kwabo, uninzi lofakelo lwe-photovoltaic lwaseTshayina luvela kwi-2013 ukuya kuthi ga ngoku, olubonisa indlela emangalisayo uphuhliso lwelizwe lam loshishino lwe-photovoltaic.

Ngokweenkcukacha, ukusuka ekupheleni kukaSeptemba ka-2020, amandla omoya omoya aqokelelweyo elizwe ayezizigidi ezingama-220 zeekilowathi, kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla ephotovoltaic azizigidi ezingama-220 zeekilowathi.Itotali eyongezelelekileyo ibe yi-440 yezigidi zeekilowatts.Kusekho umsantsa ongama-760 ezigidi zeekilowathi ukusuka kwi-1.2 yebhiliyoni ekujoliswe kuyo.

Ukuba amandla omoya kunye ne-photovoltaic amandla okuvelisa i-akhawunti nganye kwisiqingatha, oko kukuthi, kwiminyaka elishumi ukusuka kwi-2020 ukuya kwi-2030, umyinge wokufakelwa kwe-photovoltaic entsha yonyaka iya kuba yi-38GW, ephezulu kakhulu kune-30.1GW yofakelo olutsha lwe-photovoltaic kwi-2019. uthelekiso,Ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kuneendleko eziphezulu kunamandla omoya.Ke ngoko, amandla e-photovoltaic esanda kufakwa ngokuqinisekileyo aya kuba phezulu kune-38GW.

Kule njongo, iinkampani zelizwe lam photovoltaic sele zilungiswe ixesha elide.Ukusukela ngo-2020, iinkampani ezininzi zamacandelo ziyandisa imveliso, zifaka kwimveliso okanye zicwangcisa iziseko zokuvelisa izinto ezikrwada ezininzi.Ezinye iinkampani zisayine iikhontrakthi zexesha elide kunye nababoneleli abaphezulu iminyaka emininzi ukuqinisekisa ukubonelela ngemathiriyeli ekrwada kwixesha elizayo.Imarike iqinisekile.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukongeza kwimarike yasekhaya, iinkampani ezininzi nazo zibeka izinto zabo kwiimarike zaphesheya kwaye zithatha inxaxheba ngokunyanisekileyo kwibhidi yeeprojekthi ze-photovoltaic kwamanye amazwe okanye imimandla.Iinzuzo eziqokelelweyo kubuchwephesha kunye nomthamo wemveliso kwiminyaka edlulileyo kulindeleke ukuba ziboniswe kukhuphiswano nezinye iinkampani zasekhaya.

I-PV yaseTshayina ihlala iyingxaki

Okwangoku, iinkampani ze-photovoltaic kumazwe asakhasayo nazo ziye zahlangabezana neengxaki ezithile xa "ziya elwandle".Ngokomzekelo, imigaqo-nkqubo ibe nempembelelo enkulu kwiinkampani ze-photovoltaic kumazwe asakhulayo.

Ngokutsho kwengxelo yakutshanje kaWang Bohua, usekela-sihlalo kunye nonobhala-jikelele we-China Photovoltaic Industry Association, ekuhlaziyweni kophuhliso loshishino lwe-photovoltaic ngexesha le-13 yeSicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu kunye nembono ye-14 yeminyaka yeSicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu, Imodyuli yelizwe lam ye-photovoltaic ethunyelwa ngaphandle ngo-2018 yafumana ubunzima obukhulu e-United States nase-EU Isizathu esibalulekileyo kukuba201 amanyathelo okhuselekoiphunyezwe yi-United States kunye neI-EU's "dual reverse".

Nangona ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amacandelo eYurophu kuqalise kwakhona, asikwazi ukuyekelela ukuqaphela kwethu.Kwixesha elizayo, amashishini e-photovoltaic elizwe lam anokulandela isantya sophuhliso “Ibhanti enye indlela enye” kunye nokwakha iiprojekthi ze-photovoltaic kumazwe ecaleni kwendlela ukuseka umfanekiso webhrendi olungileyo.

Ekhaya,amatyala kwinkxaso yelizwe lam photovoltaiczikwayingxaki, ebangela ukuba iinkampani ezininzi zikhalaze.Ukusebenza kwezityalo zamandla e-photovoltaic ngamashishini bekuya kuba negalelo ekuphuhliseni i-photovoltaics, kodwa ukuhlawulwa kwenkxaso-mali kuye kwabangela ukuba iinkampani ezininzi ziphephe izityalo zamandla e-photovoltaic, ngakumbi amashishini abucala, iindleko zabo zezimali ziphezulu kakhulu, kwaye banokuthengisa kuphela impahla yabo. xa belibaziseka ekufumaneni iinkxaso.Nciphisa amatyala.

I-GCL Amandla amatsha, ethengiswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo i-asethi kutshanje, lishishini elimele.Ngethamsanqa, ishishini likarhulumente okanye ishishini eliphakathi liya kuthathela indawo, kungenjalo izikhululo zamandla ezininzi zinokuwela kwimeko yokungabikho kolawulo.

Ukongezelela, uphuhliso olukhulu lwe-photovoltaics luphambili kakhulubuyisela amandla aqhelekileyo, kwaye umthamo wokufunxa ubaluleke kakhulu.Ngoko ke, xa umthamo ofakiweyo we-photovoltaics uqhubeka nokuqhuma, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ngokulandelayoiingxaki zokusetyenziswa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwendawo yeyona nto iphambili, ngaphandle kokoukuhanjiswa kwamandla okude kunye nokuguqulwa kuya kunciphisa inzuzo yeendleko ze-photovoltaic power generation.

Ngokuphathelele uphando kunye nophuhliso, imveliso enkulu yeenkampani ezikhokelayo ngokuqinisekileyo iya kunceda ukunciphisa iindleko, kodwa phantsi koxinzelelo lwentsebenzo, kunokubangela ukuba bagwebe ngendlela yophuhliso lwezobuchwepheshe kwaye bagqitywe ngamanye amazwe.Ke ngoko, nokuba amashishini aphambili aneenzuzo ezaneleyo, kufunekaukuxhasa ukuqalwa kweteknoloji yamashishini amancinci naphakathikunye neekholeji zokuqinisekisa inzuzo ehamba phambili yelizwe lam kwishishini le-photovoltaic.

Iifotovoltaikhi zaseMelika

Njengelizwe elitya kakhulu amandla kunye nelizwe eline-GDP ephezulu emhlabeni, ukubuyela kwe-United States"Isivumelwano saseParis"ibaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lwamandla ahlaziyekayo ehlabathi.Ngo-2019, phantsi kwesiphithiphithi sokurhoxa "kwiSivumelwano saseParis", amandla e-photovoltaic e-United States asanda kufakwa afikelela kwi-13.3GW, ebonisa isiseko sayo esinzulu kunye namandla.

Ngokwengqikelelo kaWood Mackenzie, i-photovoltaics yasekhaya e-United States iya kubona ukwanda okukhulu ngo-2020-2025, okubangelwa ikakhuluukungafani kokusetyenziswa.Abathengi abaphezulu e-United States babonakala bekhetha izindlu ze-suburban single-family kunokuba kuphuhliswe photovoltaics yasekhaya Kuya kuba kuzinzile.

Nangona la manani mabini engakhange athathele ingqalelo ukuqhambuka kobhubhani wesithsaba esitsha, abakhange bathathele ngqalelo isicwangciso senkxaso samandla ahlaziyekayo se-Biden se-2 yetriliyoni, ke iya kuba linani elichanekileyo, kwaye inokugqithisa oku kulindelekileyo.

Ikhredithi yoMfanekiso: Wood Mackenzie

Njengelizwe elikhokelayo kuphando lwezenzululwazi kunye netekhnoloji, utyalo-mali olukhulu lwenkunzi lunokuthi luvumele i-United States ukuba yenze impumelelo kwezinye iitekhnoloji eziphambili, okanye ukutsibela phambili phambili, njengoku.ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kweepaneli zelanga.

Ufanele ukwazi okoTesla, eyona nkampani yemoto yexabiso eliphezulu ehlabathini, ayithengisi kuphela iimoto zamandla amatsha, kodwa inoyilo olunzuluiiseli zelangakwayeukugcinwa kwamandla acocekileyo.Uninzi lwezikhululo eziphezulu zokutshaja ezakhiwe e-United States zivela kwi-photovoltaic power generation, kwaye kukho nezisombululo ezingcono ze-photovoltaics zasekhaya, ezinokuthi zibe yihashe elimnyama kwintsimi ye-photovoltaic kwixesha elizayo.

Ithuba elinokwenzeka

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba nayiphi na imboni ifuna ukukhula ngokukhawuleza, eyona nto ibalulekileyoiindleko.Ukuba i-US ihlaziya umgaqo-nkqubo wayo wokurhweba, kuya kuba lithuba elihle kwiinkampani zaseTshayina photovoltaic ukungena kwimarike yase-US.

Emva kokuhla ngokukhawuleza kwamaxabiso emodyuli ye-photovoltaic, isinyathelo esilandelayo kukungena kumawaka ezindlu.Ngoko ke, iikamva le-photovoltaic esasazwayolugqaliselo lophuhliso, olunokuthiukukhawulezisa ukuthandwa kweefotovoltaicskwayeukusombulula ingxaki yokusetyenziswa.

Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-photovoltaics ye-centralized, yangaphambili ineemfuno eziphezulu zokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kunye nokufakwa, kwaye iindleko zokusebenza kamva kunye nokugcinwa ziphezulu kancinci.Kwangaxeshanye, isikali sincinane ngokwentelekiso.Indlela yokulinganisa ukukhula okukhawulezayo kunye neendleko ngumcimbi we-China kunye ne-United States.Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kuphuhliso lwe-photovoltaic.

I-China kunye ne-United States baye bavakalisa kwikonsathi ukuba uphuhliso olunamandla lwamandla avuselelekayo ngokungathandabuzekiyo luyinzuzo enkulu kwi-photovoltaics, kwaye ndiyakholelwa ukuba inokunceda amazwe amabini afezekise injongoukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoningokukhawuleza kwaye ukhuthaze uphuhliso lwehlabathi "amandla aluhlaza“.