Ka la 12 Tšitoe 2020, Mongoli-Kakaretso Xi Jinping o phatlalalitse puong ea hae ea bohlokoa e nang le sehlooho se reng "Ho tsoela pele ka nako e fetileng le ho bula leeto le lecha la karabelo ea lefats'e ea phetoho ea maemo a leholimo": Ka 2030, tlhahiso ea carbon dioxide ea China ka unit e 'ngoe ea GDP e tla theoha ka ho feta. ho feta 65% ha e bapisoa le 2005. Non-fossil eneji e tla ikarabella bakeng sa hoo e ka bang 25% ea tšebeliso ea matla a mantlha, pokello ea meru e tla eketseha ka li-cubic metres tse limilione tse likete tse 6 ha e bapisoa le 2005, le kakaretso e kentsoeng eamatla a moea le matla a letsatsi a tla fihla ho feta li-kilowatt tse limilione tse likete tse 1.2.
Ka la 13 Tšitoe, Biden, e leng e mong oa bakhethoa ba bopresidente ba Amerika, o boletse mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba hore o tla kenella Tumellanong ea Paris matsatsi a 39 hamorao, e leng letsatsi la pele la ho khakoloa ha hae, mme o ikemiselitse ho etsa hore United States e fihlelle tlhahiso ea khase e futhumatsang lefatše ka 2050. "zero emission".Sena se lumellana le polelo e fetileng ea lets'olo la Biden hore kamora hore a khethoe e le mopresidente oa Amerika, o tla etsa joaloabela US$2 trilione ho matlafatsa meralo ya motheo ya naha e hlwekileng ya eneji le ho fokotsa ho itshetleha ka mahlaku.
Baetapele ba China le United States ba buile mme ba tla tshehetsa ka matla ntshetsopele ya ntshetsopele ya eneji e ka ntjhafatswang.Ena ke molemo o moholo oa matla a tsosolositsoeng lefatšeng, leli-photovoltais, litšenyehelo tsa ho fehla motlakase tse ntseng li theoha ka potlako lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, ntle ho pelaelo ke eona senotlolo.
Boemo ba PV ba China
Lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng, indasteri ea photovoltaic ea Chaena e entse katleho e babatsehang, lekakaretso e kentsoeng boemong ba pele lefatšeng.Ho tloha bofelong ba 2019, palo ea naha ea heso e kentsoeng ke photovoltaic e fihlile204.3GW, 'me United States, e boemong ba bobeli, e na le matla a kenyelletsoeng a 62.298GW feela.Har'a bona, boholo ba lisebelisoa tsa photovoltaic tsa Chaena li tloha 2013 ho fihlela joale, e leng se bontšang kamoo tsoelo-pele ea indasteri ea photovoltaic ea naha ea heso e hlollang kateng.
Ho ea ka datha, ho tloha bofelong ba Loetse 2020, matla a naha a kentsoeng a matla a moea e ne e le li-kilowatts tse limilione tse 220, mme tlhahiso ea matla a photovoltaic e ne e le li-kilowatt tse limilione tse 220.Kakaretso ea kakaretso e ne e le li-kilowatt tse limilione tse 440.Ho ntse ho e-na le lekhalo la li-kilowatt tse limilione tse 760 ho tloha ho sepheo sa li-kilowatt tse 1.2 bilione.
Haeba matla a moea le matla a photovoltaic a etsa karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea halofo, ke hore, lilemong tse leshome ho tloha 2020 ho ea ho 2030, karolelano ea selemo le selemo ea ho kenya photovoltaic e tla ba 38GW, e leng e phahameng haholo ho feta 30.1GW e ncha ea photovoltaic ka 2019. papiso,motlakase oa photovoltaic o na le litšenyehelo tse ngata ho feta matla a moea.Ka hona, matla a photovoltaic a sa tsoa kenngoa a tla be a phahame ho feta 38GW.
Bakeng sa sepheo sena, lik'hamphani tsa photovoltaic tsa naha ea heso li 'nile tsa lokisetsoa ka nako e telele.Ho tloha ka 2020, lik'hamphani tse ngata tsa likarolo li ntse li holisa tlhahiso ka mafolofolo, li kenya tlhahiso kapa li rera metheo e mengata ea tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tse tala.Lik'hamphani tse ling li boetse li saenetse likonteraka tsa nako e telele le bafani ba thepa e phahameng ka lilemo tse 'maloa ho netefatsa phepelo ea thepa e tala nakong e tlang.'Maraka o itšepa.
Ha e le hantle, ntle le 'maraka oa malapeng, lik'hamphani tse ngata li boetse li beha maikutlo a tsona ho limmaraka tsa mose ho maoatle' me li kopanela ka mafolofolo molemong oa merero ea photovoltaic linaheng tse ling kapa libakeng tse ling.Melemo e bokelletsoeng ho thekenoloji le bokhoni ba tlhahiso ho theosa le lilemo e lebelletsoe ho bontšoa tlholisanong le lik'hamphani tse ling tsa lehae.
China PV e ntse e le mathata
Hona joale, lik'hamphani tsa photovoltaic linaheng tse tsoelang pele le tsona li 'nile tsa kopana le mathata a mang ha li "ea leoatleng".Ka mohlala, maano a bile le tšusumetso e kholo ho lik'hamphani tsa photovoltaic linaheng tse tsoelang pele.
Ho ea ka tlaleho ea morao tjena ea Wang Bohua, motlatsi oa molula-setulo le mongoli-kakaretso oa Mokhatlo oa China Photovoltaic Industry Association, mabapi le tlhahlobo ea nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea photovoltaic nakong ea Moralo oa 13 oa Lilemo tse hlano le pono ea nako ea 14 ea Leano la Lilemo Tse Hlano, photovoltaic module ea naha ea heso ka 2018 e ile ea ba le bothata bo boholo United States le EU Lebaka la bohlokoa ke201 mehato ea ts'ireletsokenngwa tshebetsong ke United States leEU "dual reverse".
Le hoja ho romelloa ha likarolo ho ea Europe ho tsoetse pele, re ntse re sitoa ho phomola.Nakong e tlang, likhoebo tsa naha ea heso tsa photovoltaic li ka latela lebelo la nts'etsopele ea "Lebanta le le leng Tsela e 'ngoe” le ho haha merero ea photovoltaic linaheng tse haufi le tsela ho theha setšoantšo se setle sa letšoao.
Ka lapeng,mekoloto ho lithuso tsa naha ea heso tsa photovoltaicle tsona ke bothata, tse etsang hore lik'hamphani tse ngata li tletlebe.Ts'ebetso ea limela tsa matla a photovoltaic ke likhoebo li ka be li tlatselitse ho nts'etsopele ea photovoltaics, empa likoloto tse saletseng morao tsa lithuso li entse hore lik'hamphani tse ngata li qobe limela tsa matla a photovoltaic, haholo-holo likhoebo tse ikemetseng, tseo litšenyehelo tsa tsona tsa lichelete li batlang li le holimo, 'me li ka rekisa thepa ea tsona feela. ha ba lieha ho fumana lithuso.Fokotsa sekoloto.
GCL New Energy, e 'nileng ea rekisa thepa khafetsa, ke khoebo e emelang.Ka lehlohonolo, likhoebo tsa 'muso kapa khoebo e bohareng e tla nka sebaka, ho seng joalo liteishene tse ngata tsa motlakase li ka oela boemong ba ho hloka taolo.
Ho phaella moo, tsoelo-pele e kholo ea photovoltaics ke haholo-holo hofetola matla a tloaelehileng, 'me matla a ho monya a bohlokoa haholo.Ka hona, ha matla a kentsoeng a photovoltaics a ntse a tsoela pele ho phatloha, tlhokomelo e tlameha ho lefshoa ho e latelangmathata a tshebediso, 'me tšebeliso ea sebaka seo ke eona ntho e ka sehloohong, ho seng joalophetiso ea matla a nako e telele le phetoho e tla fokotsa molemo oa litšenyehelo tsa motlakase oa photovoltaic.
Mabapi le lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele, tlhahiso e kholo ea lik'hamphani tse etellang pele ka sebele e tla thusa ho fokotsa litšenyehelo, empa tlas'a khatello ea ts'ebetso, e ka boela ea etsa hore ba se ke ba ahlola ka mokhoa o fosahetseng mokhoa oa tsoelo-pele ea thekenoloji le ho fetisoa ke linaha tse ling.Ka hona, le haeba likhoebo tse etellang pele li na le melemo e lekaneng, li tlamehatshehetsa popontshwa ya thekenoloji ya dikgwebo tse nyane le tse maharengle lik'holeje ho etsa bonnete ba hore naha ea heso e etella pele molemong oa indasteri ea photovoltaic.
Li-Photovoltaics tsa Amerika
E le naha e kholo e sebelisang matla le naha e nang le GDP e phahameng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, ho khutlela ha United States ho"Tumellano ea Paris"e bohlokoa haholo ho nts'etsopele ea matla a ka nchafatsoang lefatšeng ka bophara.Ka 2019, tlas'a moferefere oa ho ikhula "Tumellanong ea Paris", matla a sa tsoa kenngoa a photovoltaic a United States a ntse a fihla ho 13.3GW, e bontšang motheo le matla a eona a tebileng.
Ho latela polelo ea Wood Mackenzie, li-photovoltais tsa malapa United States li tla bona keketseho e kholo ka 2020-2025, e leng haholo-holo ka lebaka laliphapang tsa tšebeliso.Bareki ba maemo a holimo United States ba bonahala ba rata matlo a metse ea metse ea malapa a le mong ho e-na le tsoelo-pele ea photovoltaics ea malapa E tla ba e tsitsitseng.
Leha lipalo tsena tse peli li sa ka tsa ela hloko ho qhoma ha seoa sa moqhaka o mocha, hape ha lia ka tsa ela hloko leano la ts'ehetso ea matla a ka nchafatsoang a Biden a 2 trillion, ka hona e tla ba palo e nepahetseng, mme e kanna ea feta tebello ena.
Credit Credit: Wood Mackenzie
Joalo ka naha e etelletseng pele liphuputsong tsa mahlale le thekenoloji, matsete a maholo a lichelete a ka lumella United States ho etsa tsoelo-pele ho mahlale a mang a bohlokoa, kapa esita le likhatelopele tse tsoelang pele, joalo ka.bokhoni ba ho fetola liphanele tsa letsatsi.
O lokela ho tseba seoTesla, k'hamphani ea likoloi tsa boleng bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, ha e rekise feela likoloi tse ncha tsa matla, empa hape e na le moralo o tebilenglisele tsa letsatsilepolokelo ea matla e hloekileng.Bongata ba liteishene tse holimo tsa ho tjhaja tse hahiloeng United States li tsoa ho fehla motlakase oa photovoltaic, hape ho na le tharollo e ntle bakeng sa photovoltaics ea malapa, e ka 'nang ea e-ba pere e lefifi tšimong ea photovoltaic nakong e tlang.
Monyetla o ka bang teng
Leha ho le joalo, haeba indasteri leha e le efe e batla ho hōla ka potlako, ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa kelitšenyehelo.Haeba US e tsosolosa leano la eona la khoebo, e tla ba monyetla o motle oa hore lik'hamphani tsa photovoltaic tsa Chaena li kene 'marakeng oa US.
Ka mor'a ho theoha ka potlako ha theko ea photovoltaic module, mohato o latelang ke ho kena malapeng a likete.Ka hona, thebokamoso ba photovoltaic e ajoangke sepheo sa nts'etsopele, se kapotlakisa ho ata ha photovoltaicslerarolla bothata ba tshebediso.
Leha ho le joalo, ha ho bapisoa le photovoltaics e bohareng, ea pele e na le litlhoko tse phahameng tsa ho iketsetsa le ho kenya, 'me litšenyehelo tsa morao-rao tsa ts'ebetso le tlhokomelo li phahame hanyenyane.Ka nako e ts'oanang, tekanyo e batla e le nyenyane.Mokhoa oa ho leka-lekanya kholo e potlakileng le litšenyehelo ke taba ea China le United States.Mathata a tloaelehileng ho nts'etsopele ea photovoltaic.
China le United States li boletse ka kopanelo hore nts'etsopele e matla ea matla a tsosolositsoeng ha ho pelaelo hore ke molemo o moholo ho photovoltaics, 'me ke lumela hore e ka thusa linaha tsena tse peli ho fihlela sepheo sa.ho se nke lehlakore ha carbonkapele kamoo ho ka khonehang le ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea lefats'e "matla a matala“.
2020-12-17
