I-China ne-United States basebenzisana, i-photovoltaic izohlangana nethuba

Ngo-December 12, 2020, uNobhala-Jikelele u-Xi Jinping umemezele enkulumweni yakhe ebalulekile enesihloko esithi “Ukuqhubeka nesikhathi esedlule nokuvula uhambo olusha lokusabela emhlabeni wonke ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu”: Ngo-2030, ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide e-China ngeyunithi ngayinye ye-GDP kuzokwehla ngokungaphezulu. ngaphezu kwama-65% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2005. Amandla angewona amathambo azothatha cishe u-25% wokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuqala, ukunqwabelana kwamahlathi kuzokwenyuka ngama-cubic metres ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha uma kuqhathaniswa no-2005, kanye namandla afakiweamandla omoya namandla elanga azofinyelela ngaphezu kwama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.2.

NgoDisemba 13, uBiden, ongomunye wabangenele ukhetho lobumongameli baseMelika, wathi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana uzophinda ajoyine Isivumelwano saseParis ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-39, okuwusuku lokuqala lokugcotshwa kwakhe, futhi uzibophezele ekwenzeni i-United States ukuthi ifinyelele ekukhishweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa ngo-2050. "zero emission".Lokhu kuhambisana nesitatimende sikaBiden somkhankaso wangaphambilini sokuthi ngemuva kokuqokwa njengomongameli wase-US, uzokwenzaukwaba amatriliyoni ama-US$2 ukuze kuqiniswe ingqalasizinda kagesi ehlanzekile yezwe futhi kuncishiswe ukuncika kwayo emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi.

Abaholi baseShayina kanye nabase-United States bakhulume futhi bazokweseka ngamandla ukuthuthukiswa kokuthuthukiswa kwamandla kagesi avuselelekayo.Lokhu kuyinzuzo enkulu yamandla avuselelekayo emhlabeni, futhiama-photovoltaics, izindleko zokukhiqiza amandla ezehla ngokushesha kakhulu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, ngokungangabazeki ukhiye.

Isimo se-PV saseChina

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, imboni ye-photovoltaic yaseChina yenze impumelelo enhle kakhulu, futhiumthamo ofakiwe usuwonke ufika kuqala emhlabeni.Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-2019, inani lezwe lami elifakiwe le-photovoltaic selifinyelele204.3GW, kanye ne-United States, ekleliswe endaweni yesibili, inomthamo ofakiwe ohlanganisiwe ongu-62.298GW kuphela.Phakathi kwazo, ukufakwa okuningi kwe-photovoltaic kwe-China kusuka ku-2013 kuze kube manje, okubonisa ukuthi kumangalisa kangakanani ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-photovoltaic yezwe lami.

Ngokwemininingwane, ekupheleni kukaSepthemba 2020, umthamo wamandla omoya afakiwe wezwe wawungama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-220, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic bekungama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-220.Isamba esiphelele sasingama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-440.Kusenegebe lama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-760 ukusuka ku-1.2 billion kilowatt target.

Uma amandla omoya namandla e-photovoltaic ekhiqiza isigamu ngasinye, okusho ukuthi, eminyakeni eyishumi ukusuka ku-2020 kuya ku-2030, ukufakwa okusha kwe-photovoltaic ngonyaka kuzoba ngu-38GW, okuphakeme kakhulu kunokufakwa okusha kwe-photovoltaic okungu-30.1GW ngo-2019. ukuqhathanisa,Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kubiza kakhulu kunamandla omoya.Ngakho-ke, umthamo we-photovoltaic osanda kufakwa uzoba ngaphezulu kuka-38GW.

Ngalo mgomo, izinkampani zezwe lami ze-photovoltaic sekuyisikhathi eside zilungiselelwe.Kusukela ngo-2020, izinkampani eziningi eziyingxenye zikhulisa ukukhiqiza, zifaka ekukhiqizeni noma zihlela izisekelo eziningi zokukhiqiza izinto ezingavuthiwe.Ezinye izinkampani futhi zisayine izinkontileka zesikhathi eside nabahlinzeki abakhuphuka nomfula iminyaka eminingana ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kwezinto ezingavuthiwe esikhathini esizayo.Imakethe iyazethemba.

Yiqiniso, ngaphezu kwemakethe yasekhaya, izinkampani eziningi nazo zibeka izinto zabo ezimakethe zaphesheya kwezilwandle futhi zibambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo ekubizeni amaphrojekthi we-photovoltaic kwamanye amazwe noma izifunda.Izinzuzo ezinqwabelene kubuchwepheshe namandla okukhiqiza eminyakeni edlule kulindeleke ukuthi ziboniswe ngokuncintisana nezinye izinkampani zasekhaya.

I-China PV iseyizinkinga

Okwamanje, izinkampani ze-photovoltaic emazweni asathuthuka nazo ziye zabhekana nezinkinga ezithile lapho "ziya olwandle".Isibonelo, izinqubomgomo zibe nomthelela omkhulu ezinkampanini ze-photovoltaic emazweni asathuthuka.

Ngokombiko wakamuva ka-Wang Bohua, iphini likasihlalo kanye nonobhala-jikelele we-China Photovoltaic Industry Association, mayelana nokubuyekezwa kokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-photovoltaic phakathi nesikhathi soHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu ye-13 kanye nombono wenkathi ye-14th yeminyaka emihlanu yoHlelo, Ukuthunyelwa kwemojula ye-photovoltaic yezwe lami ngo-2018 kwaba nenkinga enkulu e-United States nase-EU Isizathu esibalulekile201 izinyathelo zokuvikelaisetshenziswe yi-United States kanye ne-I-EU "dual reverse".

Nakuba ukuthunyelwa kwezingxenye e-Europe sekuphinde kwaqala kabusha, asikwazi ukuxegisa ukuqapha kwethu.Ngokuzayo, amabhizinisi wezwe lami we-photovoltaic angalandela ijubane lentuthuko ye- “Ibhande Elilodwa Indlela eyodwa” futhi wakhe amaphrojekthi e-photovoltaic emazweni ahambisana nomzila ukuze wakhe isithombe esihle somkhiqizo.

Ekhaya,ezikweletini kumxhaso wezwe lami we-photovoltaicnazo ziyinkinga, okwenza izinkampani eziningi zikhalaze.Ukusebenza kwezitshalo zamandla e-photovoltaic ngamabhizinisi bekuyoba nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-photovoltaics, kodwa izikweleti zoxhaso ziye zabangela izinkampani eziningi ukuba zigweme izitshalo zamandla e-photovoltaic, ikakhulukazi amabhizinisi azimele, izindleko zazo zezimali ziphakeme kakhulu, futhi zingakwazi ukuthengisa impahla yazo kuphela. lapho bebambezeleka ekutholeni uxhaso.Yehlisa isikweletu.

I-GCL New Energy, edayise kaningi izimpahla muva nje, iyibhizinisi elimele.Ngenhlanhla, inkampani kahulumeni noma inkampani enkulu izothatha izintambo, ngaphandle kwalokho iziteshi zikagesi eziningi zingawela esimweni sokungaphathwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwe-photovoltaics ikakhulukazi kubuyisela amandla avamile, futhi amandla okumunca abaluleke kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, lapho umthamo ofakiwe we-photovoltaics uqhubeka nokuqhuma, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe okulandelayoizinkinga zokusebenzisa, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwendawo yikona okugxilwe kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokhoukudluliswa kwamandla okude nokuguqulwa kuzonciphisa inzuzo yezindleko zokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic.

Mayelana nocwaningo nentuthuko, ukukhiqizwa kwezinkampani ezinkulu ezinkulu eziholayo ngokuqinisekile kuzosiza ekunciphiseni izindleko, kodwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokusebenza, kungase futhi kubangele ukuba bahlulele kabi umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe futhi badlulwe ngamanye amazwe.Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe amabhizinisi ahamba phambili anezinzuzo ezanele, kufaneleukusekela ukusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawokanye namakolishi ukuqinisekisa inzuzo ehamba phambili yezwe lami embonini ye-photovoltaic.

Ama-Photovoltaics aseMelika

Njengezwe elikhulu elidla amandla kanye nezwe eline-GDP ephakeme kakhulu emhlabeni, ukubuya kwe-United States"Isivumelwano saseParis"kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwamandla avuselelekayo emhlabeni jikelele.Ngo-2019, ngaphansi kwesiphithiphithi sokuhoxa "esivumelwaneni saseParis", amandla asanda kufakwa e-photovoltaic e-United States asafinyelela ku-13.3GW, okukhombisa isisekelo namandla ayo ajulile.

Ngokusho kwesibikezelo sikaWood Mackenzie, ama-photovoltais asendlini e-United States azobona ukwanda okukhulu ngo-2020-2025, okubangelwa ikakhulukaziumehluko wokusetshenziswa.Abathengi bezinga eliphezulu e-United States babonakala bekhetha izindlu ze-suburban zomndeni owodwa kunokuthuthukiswa kwe-photovoltaics yasendlini Kuzoba nokuzinza.

Yize lezi zibalo zombili zingazange zicabangele ukuqubuka kwalolu bhubhane olusha lomqhele, futhi azizange zicabangele uhlelo lwe-Biden lokusekela amandla avuselelekayo angama-2 trillion, ngakho-ke kuzoba yisibalo esinembe kakhulu, futhi singase sidlule kulokhu obekulindelekile.

Ikhredithi Yesithombe: Wood Mackenzie

Njengezwe elihamba phambili ocwaningweni lwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwezimali kungenzeka kuvumele i-United States ukuthi yenze impumelelo kobunye ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile, noma ngisho impumelelo eya phambili, efanaukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamaphaneli elanga.

Kufanele ukwazi lokhoTesla, inkampani yezimoto enenani eliphakeme kakhulu lemakethe emhlabeni, ayigcini nje ngokuthengisa izimoto ezintsha zamandla, kodwa futhi inesakhiwo esijulileamaseli elangafuthiisitoreji samandla esihlanzekile.Iziteshi eziningi zokushaja eziphezulu ezakhiwe e-United States zivela ekukhiqizeni amandla e-photovoltaic, futhi kukhona nezixazululo ezingcono ze-photovoltaics zasendlini, okungenzeka kube ihhashi elimnyama ensimini ye-photovoltaic esikhathini esizayo.

Ithuba elingenzeka

Kodwa-ke, uma noma iyiphi imboni ifuna ukukhula ngokushesha, into ebaluleke kakhuluizindleko.Uma i-US ikhulula inqubomgomo yayo yokuhweba, kuzoba yithuba elihle lezinkampani zaseShayina ze-photovoltaic ukungena emakethe yase-US.

Ngemva kokwehla ngokushesha kwamanani emojula ye-photovoltaic, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukufaka izinkulungwane zemizi.Ngakho-ke, i-ikusasa le-photovoltaic esabalalisiweigxile ekuthuthukisweni, okungaseukusheshisa ukuthandwa kwama-photovoltaicsfuthiukuxazulula inkinga yokusetshenziswa.

Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-centralized photovoltaics, eyokuqala inezidingo eziphakeme zokwenza ngokwezifiso nokufaka, futhi izindleko zokusebenza kamuva nezokulungisa ziphakeme kancane.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isilinganiso sincane kakhulu.Indlela yokulinganisa ukukhula okusheshayo kanye nezindleko kuyindaba yaseChina nase-United States.Izinkinga ezivamile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-photovoltaic.

I-China ne-United States bazwakalise ekhonsathini ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa okunamandla kwamandla avuselelekayo ngokungangabazeki kuyinzuzo enkulu kuma-photovoltaics, futhi ngikholelwa ukuthi kungasiza la mazwe womabili ukufeza umgomoukungathathi hlangothi kwe-carbonngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba jikelele "amandla aluhlaza“.