US 201 amanyathelo okhuseleko

Into ebizwa"201 amanyathelo okhuseleko"yaseUnited States ibhekisa kumaCandelo 201-204 oMthetho woRhwebo wase-US ka-1974, ngoku afunyenwe kumaCandelo 2251-2254 eKhowudi yase-United States.Umxholo wala macandelo mane uthi “Uhlengahlengiso Olusebenzayo lwaMashishini Onakaliswe Zizinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle.”Lo mhlathi ugunyazisa uMongameli ukuba athathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okunceda ukukhusela okanye ukulungisa umonakalo kunye nokuququzelela uhlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko kushishino lwasekhaya xa ubuninzi beemveliso ezivela kwamanye amazwe zisongela ukwenza umonakalo omkhulu kumashishini asekhaya.

Yintoni eyenzekayo Ngo-Ephreli 17, i-2017, umenzi we-photovoltaic waseMelika u-Suniva wafaka isicelo sokukhusela i-bankruptcy enkundleni.Oko kubizwa ngokuba kukukhuselwa kwebhanki kuthetha ukuba uSuniva uya kuqhubeka nokusebenza kwaye enze uhlengahlengiso, kwaye abatyalwayo abanakufuna amatyala.Ngeli xesha, imali-mboleko entsha iyafuneka ukuxhasa imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla yenkampani.Le mali-mboleko inelona nqanaba liphezulu lokuhlawula kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi-Debtor-In-Possession financing (imali-mboleko ye-DIP).Imali-mboleko ye-DIP ye-Suniva inikezelwa yinkampani ebizwa ngokuba yi-SQN Capital, kwaye enye yeemeko ze-SQN kukwenza i-Suniva ifake isikhalazo kwi-United States International Trade Commission (USITC) ngokuhambelana "neCandelo lama-201" ukuvumela i-USITC ukuba iphande i-photovoltaic evela kumazwe angaphandle. iiseli kunye neemodyuli Ukuba kubangele umonakalo omkhulu kwishishini lasekhaya le-photovoltaic e-United States.

Nangona "igatya lika-201" lisebenza kuzo zonke iimveliso ezingezizo zase-US, kwimeko ye-photovoltaics,ijolise ikakhulu kubavelisi baseTshayina.Ngokwe-Customs yase-US, izinto ezixabisa ngaphezulu kwe-8 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika zigalelwe e-US kulo nyaka uphelileyo, apho i-US $ 1.5 yebhiliyoni ivela eTshayina.

Le yidatha engaphezulu nje.Ngapha koko, abavelisi abaninzi baseTshayina bavule iifektri kumazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia anjengeMalaysia neThailand ukuze banqande “umva kabini“.Ngoko ke,Abavelisi be-photovoltaic baseTshayina banikela ubuncinane kwi-50% yeemveliso ze-photovoltaicingeniswe yiMelika.

Kwaye i-SQN iyalele u-Suniva ukuba angenise "igatya le-201" isikhalazo ngokuchanekileyo ukuba afake abenzi be-photovoltaic baseTshayina.Inkampani ithumele i-imeyile kwi-China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products ngoMeyi 3. I-SQN ikhankanyiwe kwi-imeyile ukuba inikeze u-Suniva ngemali mboleko engaphezulu kwe-51 yezigidi zeedola zaseMelika zokuthengwa kwezixhobo.Ukuba abavelisi baseTshayina be-photovoltaic bazimisele ukuchitha Ukuba izixhobo zithengwa nge-55 yezigidi zeedola, inkampani iya kuhoxisa ityala lokurhweba.

Abahlalutyi be-EnergyTrend babethelela oku: “Ukuba iGatya lama-201 liyapasiswa, imfuno yezikhululo zamandla aphantsi komhlaba eUnited States iya kuchaphazeleka kakhulu, kuba izikhululo zamandla ombane eziphantsi komhlaba bezisoloko zilawulwa ngamacandelwana anexabiso eliphantsi, nto leyo eya kutsala ukugcwala kwempahla ngexeshana elifutshane. ixesha.”Kuqikelelwa ukuba iGatya lama-201 lipasisiwe, abaqhubi bezikhululo zamandla eziphantsi Unokukhetha kuphela ukungasileli ukwakhiwa kwesikhululo samandla, okanye ukuthenga amacandelo amaxabiso aphezulu ngokugqithisileyo ukwakha isikhululo samandla;nangona kunjalo, isiphumo salo mva siya kuba sanele ukuba siphile kwayeifuthe kwimali yenkampani.

Uqhanqalazo loshishino lwehlabathi

Ngomhla wama-23 kuMeyi, iKomishoni yoRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe yase-US yakhupha isibhengezo, ithatha isigqibo sokuqalisa uphando lwemilinganiselo yokhuseleko lwehlabathi (“201″ uphando) kuzo zonke iiseli ze-photovoltaic kunye neemodyuli ezivela kumazwe angaphandle kwimarike yase-US ngokusekelwe kwisicelo sika-Suniva.NgoMeyi 28, i-World Trade Organization (i-WTO) ikhuphe uxwebhu olubonisa ukuba i-United States iye yazisa i-163 eseleyo yamalungu e-WTO ukuba iya kuqwalasela ukubeka iirhafu "zokukhusela" ezingxamisekileyo kwiiseli zelanga ezithunyelwa ngaphandle.Emva kwesi sibhengezo, kwahlangatyezwana nezibhengezo ezichasene nenkcaso ezivela kwi-China Photovoltaic Industry Association kunye nabavelisi abakhulu be-photovoltaic basekhaya.

I-SolarWorld, eyaqala i-Sino-US kunye ne-Sino-European counter-actions, ayizange icacise ukuba ixhase uSuniva.U-Abigail RossHopper, usihlalo kunye nomphathi oyintloko we-SEIA, ucele urhulumente wobumbano ukuba afumane iindlela zokuukuphucula ukukhuphisana kweseli yelanga yase-USkunye nemizi-mveliso yeemodyuli, kwaye nangokuukuchasa naziphi na izithintelo kurhwebo olukhululekileyo.

Ukuphendula isicelo senkampani ye-photovoltaic ye-US yolu phando, isithethi seSebe lezoRhwebo ngaphambili sabonisa ukuba kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iUnited States iye yaqalisa ngokuqhubekayo uphando oluchasayo lokulahla kunye ne-countervailing kwiimveliso ze-photovoltaic zangaphandle, kwaye ibonelele ngamanyathelo oncedo amashishini asekhaya.Kulo mxholo, ukuba iUnited States iphinda iqalise uphando lokukhusela,kuya kuba kukusetyenziswa kakubi kwamanyathelo okulungisa ukurhweba kunye nokukhuselwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwamashishini asekhaya, okuya kuphazamisa umyalelo oqhelekileyo wophuhliso we-global photovoltaic industry chain.I-China ibonakalisa inkxalabo enzulu malunga noku.

Ukuqala ngoMeyi 10, iinkampani zelanga zaseKhanada, i-JA Solar, i-GCL, i-LONGi, i-Jinko, i-Trina, i-Yingli, i-Risen, i-Hareon kunye nezinye iinkampani ze-photovoltaic zaseShayina ziye zakhupha ngokulandelelana izitatimende malunga nophando lwe-"201" olucetywa ngu-Suniva.IQumrhu lezoRhwebo laseTshayina lokuThunyela ngaphandle kunye nokuThunyelelwa kwamanye amazwe koomatshini kunye neeMveliso zoMbane nazo zavakalisa ngokukhutheleyo uqhanqalazo lwayo oluchasene nophando “lwe-201”.
I-Asian Photovoltaic Industry Association ibonise kwingxelo yokuba i-Asian Photovoltaic Industry Association kunye nemibutho eyahlukeneyo yommandla we-Asian iqinile.ukuchasa ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwamanyathelo okulungisa urhwebo ziinkampani ezimbalwa zase-US.Iinkampani ezizimeleyo zelanga zizimisele ukusebenzisa imithetho yokulungisa urhwebo ukufumana izibonelelo ezongezelelweyo, oku kukusetyenziswa kakubi okwandisiweyo kwamanyathelo okukhusela urhwebo.Ukuziqhelanisa kubonise ukuba ukhuseleko lorhwebo alukwazi ukusindisa iinkampani ezizimeleyo ezingenako ukukhuphisana kwemarike ngenxa yemisebenzi yazo, kwaye ayihambisani nophuhliso olunempilo lwamashishini anyukayo kunye namazantsi.

UZhu Gongshan, usihlalo we-Asian Photovoltaic Industry Association, uthe ikhonkco lemveliso ye-photovoltaic e-Asia lithatha indawo ekhokelayo kwihlabathi.Ekupheleni kwe-2016, amandla okuvelisa i-polysilicon, i-silicon wafers, iiseli, kunye neemodyuli zeenkampani zase-Asia zibalelwa kwi-71.2%, 95.8%, kunye ne-96.8% yehlabathi, i-89.6%.Ehlabathini lonke, i-96.8% yeebhetri kunye ne-89.6% yeemodyuli ayikwazi ukungena kwimarike yase-US."Uphuculo lwetekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso lweshishini kwishishini le-photovoltaic laseAsia kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo yenze igalelo elibalulekileyoukunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaickwayeukukhuthaza inkqubela phambili yemboniselo ye-photovoltaic yehlabathi.Njengamandla abalulekileyo kwixesha elizayo lamandla acocekileyo, iukudibanisa kunye nehlabathi jikelele kwishishini le-photovoltaicluhlobo oluphambili.Ingqina ukuba ukumisela imiqobo yorhwebo ngokwenziwa ayinakukhusela uphuhliso lwamashishini asekhaya.Imboni ye-photovoltaic yase-Asia ixhasa ngokuqinileyo oogxa kwishishini le-photovoltaic yehlabathi ukuba basebenze kunye ukuze baphumelele, kunye nokukhuthaza ngokudibeneyo inkqubo ye-photovoltaic parity kwigridi, kunye negalelo kugcino lwamandla ehlabathi kunye nesizathu sokunciphisa ukukhutshwa.