Izinyathelo zokuvikela ze-US 201

Okuthiwa"201 izinyathelo zokuvikela"yase-United States isho Izigaba 201-204 ze-US Trade Act ka-1974, manje esezamukelwe kuZigaba 2251-2254 zeKhodi yase-United States.Isihloko esijwayelekile salezi zigaba ezine sithi “Ukulungiswa Okusebenzayo Kwezimboni Ezilinyazwe Ukuthengwa Kwempahla Evela kwamanye amazwe.”Lesi sigaba somthetho sigunyaza uMongameli ukuthi athathe izinyathelo zosizo ezifanele ukuze avimbele noma alungise umonakalo futhi enze kube lula ukulungiswa okudingekayo kwemboni yasekhaya lapho inani lemikhiqizo evela kwamanye amazwe lisongela ukudala umonakalo omkhulu embonini yasekhaya.

Okwenzeka Ngo-Ephreli 17, 2017, umkhiqizi wamaseli we-photovoltaic waseMelika u-Suniva wafaka isicelo sokuvikelwa kokuqothuka enkantolo.Lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi ukuvikela ukuqothuka kusho ukuthi uSuniva uzoqhubeka nokusebenza futhi enze ukuhlelwa kabusha, futhi abakweletwayo abakwazi ukufuna izikweletu.Ngalesi sikhathi, kudingeka imali ebolekiwe entsha ukuze kusekelwe imisebenzi yansuku zonke yenkampani.Le mali ebolekiwe inezinga eliphezulu lokukhokha futhi ibizwa nge-Debtor-In-Possession financing (imalimboleko ye-DIP).Imali mboleko ye-DIP ka-Suniva ihlinzekwa inkampani ebizwa nge-SQN Capital, futhi omunye wemibandela ye-SQN ukwenza u-Suniva afake isikhalazo ne-United States International Trade Commission (USITC) ngokuhambisana “Nesigaba 201″ sokuvumela i-USITC ukuthi iphenye i-photovoltaic engenisiwe. amaseli namamojula Ukuthi kubangele umonakalo omkhulu embonini yasekhaya ye-photovoltaic e-United States.

Nakuba "isigatshana 201" sisebenza kuyo yonke imikhiqizo okungeyona eyase-US, esimweni se-photovoltaics,ihloselwe ikakhulukazi abakhiqizi baseShayina.Ngokusho kwe-US Customs, izingxenye ezibiza ngaphezu kwe-US $ 8 billion zithululelwe e-US ngonyaka odlule, lapho ama-US $ 1.5 billion avela eChina.

Lena idatha ekha phezulu nje.Eqinisweni, abakhiqizi abaningi baseShayina bavule izimboni emazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia njengeMalaysia neThailand ukuze bagweme “ukuhlehla kabili“.Ngakho-ke,Abakhiqizi baseShayina be-photovoltaic banikela okungenani i-50% yemikhiqizo ye-photovoltaicingeniswe yi-United States.

Futhi i-SQN yayala u-Suniva ukuthi athumele "isigatshana 201" isicelo ngokunembile ukuze abenzele abakhiqizi be-photovoltaic baseShayina.Le nkampani yathumela i-imeyili ku-China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products ngoMeyi 3. I-SQN ikhulume ku-imeyili ukuthi inikeze u-Suniva imali ebolekiwe engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-51 zamaRandi ukuze kuthengwe imishini.Uma abakhiqizi be-photovoltaic baseShayina bezimisele ukuchitha Uma imishini ithengwa ngamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-55, inkampani izohoxisa icala lokuhweba.

Abahlaziyi be-EnergyTrend bagcizelele: “Uma iSigatshana 201 siphasiswa, isidingo seziteshi zikagesi ezingaphansi komhlaba e-United States sizothinteka kakhulu, ngoba iziteshi zikagesi ezingaphansi komhlaba bezilokhu zibuswa izingxenye ezinenani eliphansi, ezizoheha ukwanda kwezimpahla ngokushesha. isikhathi.”Uma sicabanga ukuthi Isigaba somthetho 201 siphasisiwe, abaqhubi beziteshi zikagesi eziphansi Ungakwazi ukukhetha kuphela ukungasakhi isiteshi sikagesi, noma ukuthenga izingxenye ezinenani eliphezulu kakhulu ukuze kwakhiwe isiteshi sikagesi;nokho-ke, umphumela walokhu kokugcina uzobe ungenele ukuze uphile futhinomthelela kwezezimali zenkampani.

Umbhikisho wezinkampani zomhlaba wonke

Ngomhla zingama-23 kuNhlaba, Ikhomishini Yezohwebo Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yase-US yakhipha isimemezelo, inquma ukuqalisa uphenyo lwezinyathelo zokuphepha emhlabeni wonke (“uphenyo luka-201″) kuwo wonke amaseli e-photovoltaic angenisiwe kanye namamojula emakethe yase-US ngokusekelwe kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Suniva.NgoMeyi 28, i-World Trade Organisation (WTO) yakhipha idokhumenti ekhombisa ukuthi i-United States yazise amazwe asele angamalungu e-WTO ayi-163 ukuthi izocubungula ukubeka amanani aphuthumayo “okuvikela” kumaseli elanga angenisiwe.Ngemva kwesimemezelo, kwahlangatshezwana nezimemezelo ezivumelanayo zokuphikiswa okuvela ku-China Photovoltaic Industry Association kanye nabakhiqizi abakhulu basekhaya be-photovoltaic.

I-SolarWorld, eyaqala ukulwa ne-Sino-US kanye ne-Sino-European, ayizange icacise noma isekele u-Suniva.U-Abigail RossHopper, usihlalo kanye nesikhulu esiphezulu se-SEIA, ucele uhulumeni wobumbano ukuthi athole izindlela zokuthingcono ukuncintisana kwe-solar cell yase-USkanye nemboni yokukhiqiza amamojula, futhi namanjephikisa noma yimiphi imingcele ekuhwebeni kwamahhala.

Ephendula isicelo senkampani ye-photovoltaic yalolu phenyo, umkhulumeli woMnyango Wezohwebo waveza ngaphambili ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-United States iye yaqala uphenyo olumelene nokulahla nokuphikisana nemikhiqizo ye-photovoltaic yangaphandle, futhi inikeze izinyathelo zokusiza izimboni zasekhaya.Kulo mongo, uma i-United States iphinda iqala uphenyo lokuvikela,kuzoba ukuhlukunyezwa kwezinyathelo zokulungisa ezohwebo kanye nokuvikelwa ngokweqile kwezimboni zasekhaya, okuzophazamisa ukuhleleka okuvamile kokuthuthukiswa kochungechunge lwemboni ye-photovoltaic yomhlaba wonke.I-China izwakalisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngalokhu.

Kusukela ngo-May 10, izinkampani zelanga zaseCanada, i-JA Solar, GCL, LONGi, Jinko, Trina, Yingli, Risen, Hareon nezinye izinkampani zaseShayina ze-photovoltaic zikhiphe izitatimende ngokulandelana kwazo ngokumelene nophenyo "lwe-201" oluhlongozwe u-Suniva.I-China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products nayo izwakalise ukubhikisha kwayo ngokumelene nophenyo "lwe-201".
I-Asian Photovoltaic Industry Association iveze esitatimendeni ukuthi i-Asian Photovoltaic Industry Association kanye nezinhlangano ezahlukahlukene zezimboni zesifunda sase-Asia ziqinile.phikisa ukuxhashazwa kwezinyathelo zokulungisa ukuhweba yizinkampani ezimbalwa zase-US.Izinkampani zesola ngazinye zihlose ukusebenzisa imithetho yokulungisa ukuhweba ukuze zithole izinzuzo ezengeziwe, okuwukuhlukumeza okunwetshiwe kwezinyathelo zokuvikela uhwebo.Ukuzijwayeza kufakazele ukuthi ukuvikelwa kwezohwebo akukwazi ukusindisa izinkampani ngazinye ezingenakho ukuncintisana kwemakethe ngenxa yemisebenzi yazo, futhi akusizi ekuthuthukisweni okunempilo kwezimboni ezikhuphuka nomfula.

UZhu Gongshan, usihlalo we-Asian Photovoltaic Industry Association, uthe uchungechunge lwemboni yokukhiqiza i-photovoltaic e-Asia luthatha isikhundla esihamba phambili emhlabeni wonke.Ekupheleni kuka-2016, amandla okukhiqiza ama-polysilicon, ama-wafers e-silicon, amaseli, namamojula ezinkampani zase-Asia alinganiselwa ku-71.2%, 95.8%, kanye nama-96.8% omhlaba, angu-89.6%.Emhlabeni jikelele, u-96.8% wamabhethri kanye no-89.6% wamamojula awakwazi ukungena emakethe yase-US.“Ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni embonini ye-photovoltaic yase-Asia kule minyaka eyishumi edlule kube negalelo elibalulekileukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaicfuthiukukhuthaza inqubekelaphambili yemboni ye-photovoltaic yomhlaba wonke.Njengamandla abalulekile esikhathini esizayo samandla ahlanzekile, iukuhlanganiswa kanye nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kwemboni ye-photovoltaickuwumkhuba omkhulu.Kufakazela ukuthi ukubeka ngokwenziwa imigoqo yokuhweba akukwazi ukuvikela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zasekhaya.Imboni ye-photovoltaic yase-Asia isekela ngokuqinile ozakwabo embonini ye-photovoltaic yomhlaba wonke ukuze basebenzisane ukuze kube nesimo sokuwina, futhi ngokuhlanganyela bakhuthaze inqubo ye-photovoltaic parity kugridi, futhi bafake isandla ekugcinweni kwamandla emhlabeni jikelele kanye nembangela yokunciphisa ukukhishwa.