Chang'e 5 yaguye neza ukwezi!

Mu minsi mike ishize, itangizwa ryiza ryiperereza rya Chang'e-5 ryaranze intangiriro yurugendo rwanjye rwa mbere mugihugu cyanjye kuva mubushakashatsi bwibintu byo hanze.Ahagana mu ma saa 23h00 z'ijoro ku ya 1 Ukuboza, iperereza rya Chang'e-5 ryageze neza mu gice cyatoranijwe mbere y’ukwezi, biba iperereza rya gatatu mu gihugu cyanjye mu gushyira mu bikorwa neza ukwezi kworoshye.Nyuma yo kugwa neza, kugenzurwa nubutaka, nyirubutaka azatangira gukora kumugaragaro ukwezi kuminsi hafi ibiri kugirango akusanye ingero zukwezi.Ku isaha ya saa yine n'iminota 53, ku ya 2 Ukuboza, inteko ya Chang'e-5 hamwe n'inteko izamuka yarangije gucukura ukwezi no gupakira.

Uwitekamc4 umuhuzaikoreshwa muri Chang'e-5-Kwimuka

Byumvikane ko Chang'e-5 iteganijwe kugera kuri bitanu "ubanza mugihugu cyacu", aribyo:gutoranya no gupakira ibintu bidasanzwe ku isi, gukuramo ibintu byo ku isi, ukwezi kwa orbital rendez-vous na dock, gutwara ingero zo kwihuta kwisi kwihuta, kubika icyitegererezo, gusesengura no kwiga.Gutwara ubutumwa nk'ubwo buremereye, iperereza rya Chang'e-5 risaba ingufu nyinshi kuruta ukwezi kwabanjirije ukwezi n’ubushakashatsi bwimbitse mu Bushinwa.Nigute dushobora kwemeza amashanyarazi?

Iperereza rya Chang'e-5 ryakozwe nk'iteraniro ry'imodoka enye, rigizwe n'ibice bine:nyirubutaka, kuzamuka, orbiter, nakugaruka.Irakeneye kurangiza intego eshatu za "hafi, kugwa, no kugaruka" icyarimwe.Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi.Umugenzuzi, ipaki ya batirinaimirasire y'izuba.Kugirango tumenye neza ubutumwa hamwe nibikorwa byiza,umugenzuzi w'amashanyarazi afite imbaraga zidasanzwe mu Bushinwan'umuyobozi mpuzamahanga.Ingufu zihariye za batiri ya lithium-ion kubisabwa mu kirere ni hejuru, naIkigereranyo cy'imirasire y'izuba igipimo cy'imbaraga Imbaraga nizo hejuru mugihugu, guhuza na leta nyinshi zindege nyinshi nibyiciro byinshi byindege.

Nka "ubwonko" bwa sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi, kugirango ikemure ikibazo cyibura ryingufu hamwe nubushobozi buke bwibihe mugihe cyo guhaguruka kwa kane ya Chang'e-5, umugenzuzi w'amashanyarazi yazamuye PCU yerekeza PCDU.Nk’uko byatangajwe n’umuyobozi wa Chang'e No 5 utanga ibicuruzwa bitanga amashanyarazi, kuva PCU kugeza PCDU, ni ukuzamura kuva mumikorere imwe kugera kumikorere myinshi.Mubutumwa bwa Chang'e-3 na Chang'e-4, umugenzuzi w'amashanyarazi arimo gusa module yo kugenzura ingufu, mugihe Chang'e-5 ihuza imirimo myinshi nka module yo kugenzura amashanyarazi, module yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, module yo kugenzura pyrotechnics, na Igice cyubwenge.Porogaramu yambere yo gushakisha ukwezi.

Kugirango twongere ingufu z'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, Chang'e-5izubaumuzenguruko wageneweMugabanye agace kamwe imbere yizuba ryizuba.Ariko, mugihe cyubushakashatsi bwukwezi, ubuso bwizuba rirabujijwe cyane.Mugihe kimwe, bitandukanye na satelite isanzwe, iboneza rya probe ubwaryo rigena imiterere idasanzwe yibibaho.Imirasire y'izuba ya Chang'e-5 ifite inyabutatu na polygon.Nubundi buryo bwinshi.Nigute ushobora guhangana nigice gito cya substrate nuburyo budasanzwe?

Kuri moderi rusange ya satelite, abayitezimbere bakoresha gusa ingirabuzimafatizo imwe yizuba mugihe bashushanya imirasire yizuba.Kuri Chang'e-5, abayitezimbere barenze imitekerereze isanzwe kandi bakoresha bateri zifite ubunini butandukanye kugirango bavange impapuro, kuburyo imikorere yimyenda yageze hejuru ya 91%, yari hejuru ya 5% kugeza 10% ugereranije nibicuruzwa bisanzwe.

Muri icyo gihe, Chang'e-5 yahisemoimirasire y'izuba ikora neza.Imikorere yo guhindura amashanyarazi ya Chang'e-3 na Chang'e-4 izuba ryabaye 28,6% na 30.84%, mugihe Chang'e-5 yageze kuri 31%.Nyuma yakazi gakomeye, ingufu zisohoka kuri buri gice cyumuriro wizuba wa Chang'e-5 ntabwo mugihe cyiterambere ryibicuruzwa gusa, ariko nubu, ni urwego rwo hejuru mubushinwa.

”Ingufu zihariye”Ni kimwe mu bipimo by'ingenzi byerekana imikorere ya bateri ya lithium-ion.Kurenza agaciro, imbaraga nyinshi zirashobora kubikwa mubunini cyangwa uburemere.Nkuko byatangajwe nuwashushanyaga bateri ya Chang'e-5 ya litiro-ion, abayitezimbere bongereye uburemere bwa bateri “ingufu zihariye” z’ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano na Chang'e-5 kugeza kuri 195Wh / kg (watt-isaha ku kilo).Agaciro kuri ubu nigiciro kinini cy "ingufu zihariye" za bateri ya lithium-ion ikoreshwa mu kirere.

Ukurikije uburyo bwakazi bwa Chang'e-5, nyuma yo kugera mukuzenguruka ukwezi, guhuza ubutaka no kuzamuka bitandukana na orbiter hamwe nabagaruka, hamwe na nyirubutaka hamwe nizamuka bigwa hejuru yukwezi kugirango batangire gukusanya ingero hejuru yukwezi.Nyuma yo kuzirikana byuzuye igihe cyubutumwa hejuru yukwezi nuburyo bwo gukora bwibicuruzwa bitanga amashanyarazi, ukurikije gahunda rusange,abitezimbere bahinduye igishushanyo mbonera cyingufu za nyirubutaka no kuzamuka.

Ibicuruzwa byamashanyarazi byubutaka birimoimirasire y'izubanaabashinzwe ingufu, n'ibicuruzwa by'ingufu zo kuzamuka birimoimirasire y'izuba, abashinzwe ingufunabateri ya lithium-ion.Mbere yo gutandukana, mugice cyindege nicyiciro cyukwezi, umuzunguruko wizuba wa nyirubutaka wafashe inshingano zagutanga imbaraga kumubiri;kandi iyo umubiri uhuriweho watandukanijwe mugice cyukwezi, kuzamuka byahise bihindura inshingano, hamwe nizuba ryumuriroImbaraga ubwazomugihe cyumucyo.Mugihe kitamurikirwa, nyirubutaka nizamuka basangira bateri ya lithium-ion, iyoguha imbaraga inteko.

Byongeye kandi, Chang'e-5 yatangijwe mu gitondo cya kare, nayo ijyanye n'ubushobozi bwa batiri.Ubushobozi bwa bateri yicyogajuru bugarukira.Kuri Chang'e 5 kuguruka intera ndende mumwanya,igomba kumurikirwa n'izuba.Hitamo kohereza mugitondo cya kare, mugihe Chang'e 5 iguruka ikagera kubirometero ibihumbi icumi, bateri irashobora kubona ingufu zituruka kumirasire y'izuba binyuze mumurongo ntarengwa wo kumurika.

Umushinga w'ubushakashatsi ku kwezi mu Bushinwa, nyuma y’imyaka 10 yo kubitekerezaho, amaherezo ugabanyijemo ibice bitatu: “hirya no hino”, “kugwa” na “kugaruka”: Icyiciro cya mbere ni “hafi”: kohereza icyogajuru cy’ubushakashatsi bw’ukwezi “Chang'e-1 ″ hanyuma nyuma "Chang'e-2 ″ yakoreshejwe mugushakisha ibidukikije ukwezi, imiterere yubutaka, imiterere yubutaka, imiterere ya geologiya numurima wumubiri;icyiciro cya kabiri cy '“kugwa”: “Chang'e-3 ″ na“ Chang'e-4 ″ byatangijwe, hamwe no kugwa byoroshye kugwa ku kwezi kugirango bimenyekane;icyiciro cya gatatu "garuka": gutangiza "Chang'e-5 ″,intego ni irondo no kwigana ubuso bwukwezi.

Kurasa neza no kugwa ukwezi kwa Chang'e-5 ni intambwe yingenzi mugice cya gatatu cyo "kugaruka."Iherezo ryiki gihe cyumushinga rizazana ikoranabuhanga ryindege yigihugu cyanjye murwego rushya.