I-Chang'e 5 ifike ngempumelelo enyangeni!

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, ukwethulwa ngempumelelo kwe-Chang'e-5 probe kwaphawula ukuqala kohambo lokuqala lwezwe lami lokubuya kusukela ekuthathweni kwamasampula ezinto zangaphandle.Cishe ngo-23:00 ngo-December 1, uphenyo lwe-Chang'e-5 lwafika ngempumelelo endaweni ekhethiwe ngaphambili enyangeni, kwaba uphenyo lwesithathu lwezwe lami ukuqalisa ngempumelelo ukwehla okuthambile kwenyanga.Ngemva kokufika ngempumelelo, ngaphansi kokulawulwa komhlabathi, umenzi wendawo uzoqala ngokusemthethweni ukusebenza endaweni yenyanga cishe izinsuku ezimbili ukuze aqoqe amasampula enyanga.Ngo-4:53 ngo-December 2, umhlangano we-Chang'e-5 lander and ascender waqeda ukumba amasampula nokupakisha kwenyanga.

Imc4 isixhumiisetshenziswe ku-Chang'e-5-I-Slocable

Kuyaqondakala ukuthi i-Chang'e-5 kulindeleke ukuthi izuze ezinhlanu “okokuqala ezweni lethu”, okuyilezi:amasampula kanye nokupakishwa kwezinto ezingaphandle komhlaba, ukususwa kwezinto zangaphandle komhlaba, i-lunar orbital rendezvous and docking, ukuphatha amasampula okungena kabusha komhlaba ngesivinini esikhulu, ukugcinwa kwesampula, ukuhlaziywa kanye nocwaningo.Njengoba ithwele uthumo olunzima kangaka lokuthola ulwazi, i-Chang'e-5 probe idinga amandla amaningi kunanoma yimuphi uphenyo lwangaphambilini lwenyanga nesikhala esijulile e-China.Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwayo kwamandla?

I-Chang'e-5 probe yakhelwe njengenhlangano yezimoto ezine, eyakhiwe izingxenye ezine:umhlali, ekhuphukayo, i-orbiter, futhiumbuyiseli.Idinga ukuqedela izinjongo ezintathu “zokuzungeza, ukuwa, nokubuya” ngesikhathi esisodwa.Isistimu yamandla inikwa amandla ukunikezwa kwamandla.Isilawuli, iphakethe lebhethri le-lithium-ionfuthii-solar cell array.Ukuze uqinisekise le mishini ngokusebenza okungcono kakhulu,isilawuli samandla sinamandla athile aphezulu kakhulu e-Chinakanye nomholi wamazwe ngamazwe.Amandla athile ebhethri le-lithium-ion kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-aerospace aphezulu kakhulu, futhii-solar cell array area ratio Amandla aphezulu kakhulu ezweni, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo eziningi zezindiza eziningi kanye nezigaba eziningi zendiza.

“Njengengqondo” yohlelo lokuphakelwa kwamandla komtshina, ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yokushoda kwamandla kanye nezinsiza zesisindo esilinganiselwe ngesikhathi sokundiza kwe-Chang'e-5 quadruple, isilawuli samandla sithuthuke sisuka ku-PCU siya ku-PCDU.Ngokomqondisi womklami womkhiqizo wokuphakelwa kwamandla ka-Chang'e No. 5, kusukela ku-PCU kuya ku-PCDU, kuwukuthuthuka kusuka ekusebenzeni okukodwa kuye kwemisebenzi eminingi.Kumishini ye-Chang'e-3 ne-Chang'e-4, isilawuli samandla sihlanganisa kuphela imojula yokulawula amandla, kuyilapho i-Chang'e-5 ihlanganisa imisebenzi eminingana njengemojula yokulawula amandla, imojula yokusabalalisa amandla, imojula yokulawula i-pyrotechnics, kanye iyunithi esibonakalayo esihlakaniphile.Isicelo sokuqala sephrojekthi yokuhlola kwenyanga.

Ukuze kwandiswe ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ochungechunge lwamaseli elanga, i-Chang'e-5iseli solarisekethe yakhelwe ukubawandise indawo ye-patch ngaphambili kwe-solar cell array.Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwenyanga, indawo yamaphaneli elanga ivinjelwe kakhulu.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokungafani namasathelayithi avamile, ukucushwa kwe-probe ngokwayo kunquma ukuma okungavamile kwamaphaneli.Amaphaneli elanga e-Chang'e-5 anonxantathu namapholygoni.Nezinye izimo eziningi.Indlela yokubhekana nendawo encane ye-substrate kanye nesimo esingavamile?

Kumamodeli wesathelayithi evamile, abathuthukisi basebenzisa amaseli elanga anosayizi owodwa kuphela lapho beklama amasekhethi amaseli elanga.Ku-Chang'e-5, abathuthukisi baphule ukucabanga okuvamile futhi basebenzisa amabhethri amasayizi ahlukahlukene ukuxuba amashidi endwangu, ukuze ukusebenza kahle kweshidi lendwangu kufinyelele ngaphezu kwe-91%, okwakungu-5% kuya ku-10% ephakeme kunemikhiqizo evamile.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-Chang'e-5 wakhethaamaseli elanga asebenza kahle kakhulu.Ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric kwamaseli elanga e-Chang'e-3 kanye ne-Chang'e-4 bekungu-28.6% no-30.84%, ngokulandelana, kanti i-Chang'e-5 ifinyelele ngaphezu kwama-31%.Ngemuva kokusebenza kanzima, amandla okukhiphayo endaweni ngayinye yephaneli yelanga ye-Chang'e-5 akukhona nje ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo, kodwa ngisho namanje, izinga eliphakeme kakhulu e-China.

”Amandla athile” ingenye yezinkomba zokusebenza ezibalulekile zamabhethri e-lithium-ion.Lapho inani liphakeme, amandla engeziwe angagcinwa ngevolumu ngayinye noma isisindo.Ngokusho komklami ophethe ibhethri le-lithium-ion le-Chang'e-5, abathuthukisi bakhulise isisindo sebhethri "amandla athile" wemikhiqizo ehlobene ne-Chang'e-5 saya ku-195Wh/kg (ihora le-watt ngekhilogremu).Leli nani okwamanje liyivelu eliphezulu kakhulu “lamandla athile” amabhethri e-lithium-ion asetshenziswa ku-aerospace.

Ngokwemodi yokusebenza ye-Chang'e-5, ngemva kokufinyelela emzileni wenyanga, inhlanganisela ye-lander ne-ascender ihlukana nenhlanganisela ye-orbiter ne-returner, bese i-lander ne-ascender iwela endaweni yenyanga ukuze iqale ukuqoqa amasampula endaweni yenyanga.Ngemva kokuthatha i-akhawunti ephelele yesikhathi semishini endaweni yenyanga kanye nemodi yokusebenza yemikhiqizo yokuphakelwa kwamandla, ngokohlelo lulonke,abathuthukisi bathuthukise umklamo wamandla we-lander kanye ne-ascender assembly.

Imikhiqizo yamandla ye-lander ihlanganisaama-solar cell arraysfuthiizilawuli zamandla, kanye nemikhiqizo yamandla ye-ascender ihlanganisaama-solar cell arrays, izilawuli zamandlafuthiamabhethri e-lithium-ion.Ngaphambi kokuhlukana, phakathi nesigaba sendiza kanye nesigaba senyanga, isifunda sebhethri yelanga lomuntu ohlaba umhlabathi sathatha isibophoenikeza amandla emzimbeni ohlangene;futhi lapho umzimba ohlangene uhlukaniswa esigabeni senyanga, i-ascender yashintsha ngokushesha indima yayo, kanye nesekhethi yebhethri yelanga.Amandla ngokwawongesikhathi sokukhanya.Esikhathini esingakhanyisiwe, i-lander kanye ne-ascender babelana ngesethi yamabhethri e-lithium-ion, okuyintonikeza amandla emhlanganweni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Chang'e-5 yethulwe ekuseni kakhulu, nayo ehlobene nomthamo webhethri.Amandla ebhethri omkhumbi-mkhathi anomkhawulo.Ukuze i-Chang'e 5 indize amabanga amade emkhathini,kumele kukhanyiswe lilanga.Khetha ukuqalisa ekuseni kakhulu, lapho i-Chang'e 5 indizela emashumini ezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha, ibhethri ingathola ukusakaza okuzinzile kwamandla elanga nge-engeli ephezulu yokukhanya.

Iphrojekthi yaseChina yokuhlola inyanga, ngemva kweminyaka eyi-10 yezingxoxo, ekugcineni ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu: "nxazonke", "ukuwa" kanye "nokubuya": Isiteji sokuqala "sizungezile": kwethulwa isathelayithi yokuhlola inyanga ethi "Chang'e-1" futhi kamuva i-“Chang'e-2″ yasetshenziselwa ukuhlola indawo engaphezulu kwenyanga, ukubunjwa komhlaba, i-topography, ukwakheka kokwakheka komhlaba kanye nendawo ebonakalayo;isigaba sesibili “sokuwa”: “I-Chang’e-3″ kanye ne-“Chang’e-4″ yethulwa, ngokuhlala okuthambile Kokuhlala enyangeni ukuze kubonwe;isigaba sesithathu “return”: kwethulwa “Chang’e-5″,umgomo uwukugada nokusampula indawo yenyanga.

Ukwethulwa ngempumelelo kanye nokufika enyangeni kophenyo lwe-Chang'e-5 kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile esigabeni sesithathu “sokubuya.”Ukuphela kwalesi sikhathi sephrojekthi kuzoletha ubuchwepheshe bezwe lami bezindiza ezingeni elisha.