Kodi mukudziwa kuti Photovoltaic (PV) Wire ndi chiyani?

       Photovoltaic waya, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti PV waya, ndi waya wokonda umodzi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza mapanelo amagetsi a photovoltaic.

Gawo la kondakitala la chingwe cha photovoltaic ndi kondakitala wamkuwa kapena kondakitala wamkuwa wa malata, wosanjikiza ndi radiation crosslinked polyolefin insulation, ndipo sheath ndi radiation crosslinked polyolefin insulation.Zingwe zambiri za DC m'malo opangira magetsi a photovoltaic ziyenera kuyikidwa panja, ndipo chilengedwe ndi chovuta.Zida zamagetsi ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa anti-ultraviolet, ozoni, kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha ndi kukokoloka kwa mankhwala.Ziyenera kukhala zoteteza chinyezi, zotsutsana ndi kukhudzidwa, kuzizira, zosagwira kutentha, ndi zotsutsana ndi ultraviolet.M'madera ena apadera, mankhwala monga asidi ndi alkali amafunikanso.

Zofunikira za Wiring Code

NEC (National Electrical Code of the United States) idapanga makina a Article 690 Solar Photovoltaic (PV) kuti aziwongolera mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi, ma frequency angapo a ma photovoltaic system, ma inverters ndi ma charger.NEC imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamakhazikitsidwe osiyanasiyana ku United States (malamulo akumaloko atha kugwira ntchito).

Njira ya 2017 NEC Article 690 Part IV wiring imalola njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira ma waya kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pamakina a photovoltaic.Kwa oyendetsa amodzi, kugwiritsa ntchito UL-certified USE-2 (khomo la utumiki wapansi panthaka) ndi mitundu yamawaya a PV amaloledwa pamalo owonekera panja a photovoltaic power circuit mu photovoltaic array.Imalolezanso zingwe za PV kuti ziyikidwe m'ma tray a mabwalo akunja a PV ndi mabwalo otulutsa a PV popanda kufunikira kogwiritsidwa ntchito.Ngati mphamvu ya photovoltaic ndi ntchito yozungulira yozungulira pamwamba pa 30 volts m'malo ofikirako, palidi malire.Pamenepa, mtundu wa MC kapena woyendetsa woyenera woikidwa mumsewu wothamanga amafunikira.

NEC sizindikira mayina achitsanzo aku Canada, monga zingwe za RWU90, RPV kapena RPVU zomwe zilibe zida zapawiri zovomerezeka za UL.Pakuyika ku Canada, 2012 CEC Gawo 64-210 limapereka chidziwitso pamitundu yamawaya omwe amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito ma photovoltaic.

Kusiyana pakati pa zingwe za photovoltaic ndi zingwe wamba

Ubwino wa PV

Zida zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazingwe wamba ndi zida zapamwamba zolumikizira zolumikizirana monga polyvinyl kolorayidi (PVC), mphira, elastomer (TPE) ndi polyethylene yolumikizidwa ndi mtanda (XLPE), koma ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti apamwamba kwambiri. kutentha kwa zingwe wamba Komanso, ngakhale PVC insulated zingwe ndi kutentha oveteredwa 70 ℃ nthawi zambiri ntchito panja, koma sangathe kukwaniritsa zofunika kutentha, UV chitetezo ndi kukana kuzizira.
Ngakhale kuti zingwe za photovoltaic nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, magetsi a dzuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'madera ovuta, monga kutentha kochepa komanso kuwala kwa ultraviolet.Kunyumba kapena kunja, nyengo ikakhala yabwino, kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa dzuŵa kumakhala kokwera kwambiri mpaka 100 ℃.

——Katundu wotsutsana ndi makina

Kwa zingwe za photovoltaic, panthawi ya kukhazikitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, zingwe zimatha kuyendetsedwa pamphepete lakuthwa kwa denga.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zingwezo ziyenera kupirira kupanikizika, kupindika, kugwedezeka, kukanikizana kolemetsa komanso kukana kwamphamvu, komwe kumaposa zingwe wamba.Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito zingwe wamba, m'chimake ndi osauka UV chitetezo ntchito, zomwe zingachititse kukalamba m'chimake cha kunja kwa chingwe, zomwe zingakhudze moyo utumiki wa chingwe, zomwe zingayambitse maonekedwe a mavuto monga chingwe short circuit. , alamu yamoto, ndi kuvulaza koopsa kwa ogwira ntchito.Pambuyo poyatsidwa, jekete yotchinga chingwe cha photovoltaic imakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso kuzizira, kukana mafuta, asidi ndi mchere wamchere, chitetezo cha UV, kutentha kwa moto, ndi kuteteza chilengedwe.Zingwe zamagetsi za Photovoltaic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'malo ovuta komanso moyo wautumiki wazaka zopitilira 25.

Main Magwiridwe

1. DC kukana

Kukana kwa DC kwa conductive pachimake cha chingwe chomalizidwa pa 20 ℃ sikuposa 5.09Ω/km.

2. Kuyesa kwamagetsi omiza m'madzi

Chingwe chomalizidwa (20m) sichidzawonongeka atamizidwa m'madzi (20±5) ℃ kwa 1h pambuyo pa mayeso a 5min voltage (AC 6.5kV kapena DC 15kV).

3. Kukana kwamagetsi kwa DC kwa nthawi yaitali

Kutalika kwachitsanzo ndi 5m, kuwonjezera (85 ± 2) ℃ madzi osungunuka omwe ali ndi 3% NaCl (240±2)h, ndikulekanitsa madzi pamwamba pa 30cm.Ikani magetsi a DC 0.9kV pakati pa pachimake ndi madzi (co conductive core yalumikizidwa, ndipo madziwo amalumikizidwa ndi Nick).Mukatulutsa pepalalo, yesetsani kuyesa magetsi omiza madzi.Mpweya woyezera ndi AC 1kV, ndipo palibe kuwonongeka komwe kumafunikira.

4. Insulation resistance

Kukana kutchinjiriza kwa chingwe chomalizidwa pa 20 ℃ sichochepera 1014Ω · cm,
The kutchinjiriza kukana wa yomalizidwa chingwe pa 90 ℃ si osachepera 1011Ω · cm.

5. Kukaniza pamwamba kwa sheath

Kukana kwapamwamba kwa chingwe chomalizidwa kuyenera kukhala kosachepera 109Ω.

Mayeso Ogwira Ntchito

1. Kuthamanga kwapamwamba kwa kutentha (GB/T2951.31-2008)

Kutentha (140 ± 3) ℃, nthawi 240min, k = 0.6, kuya kwa indentation sikudutsa 50% ya makulidwe okwana a kutchinjiriza ndi sheath.Ndikuchita AC6.5kV, 5min voteji kuyesa, palibe kuwonongeka chofunika.

2. Mayeso a kutentha kwachinyezi

Zitsanzozo zimayikidwa pamalo omwe kutentha kwa 90 ℃ ndi chinyezi chachibale cha 85% kwa 1000h.Pambuyo pa kuzizira mpaka kutentha kwa chipinda, kusintha kwa mphamvu zowonongeka ndi ≤-30% ndipo kusintha kwa kutalika kwa nthawi yopuma ndi ≤-30% poyerekeza ndi mayesero asanakhalepo.

3. Acid ndi alkali resistance test (GB/T2951.21-2008)

Magulu awiri a zitsanzo adamizidwa mu njira ya oxalic acid ndi ndende ya 45g / L ndi sodium hydroxide solution ndi ndende ya 40g / L, pa kutentha kwa 23 ° C kwa 168h.Poyerekeza ndi yankho musanamizidwe, kusintha kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kunali ≤± 30%, elongation pakupuma ≥100%.

4. Kuyesa kogwirizana

Chingwe chonsecho chikakalamba kwa 7 × 24h pa (135 ± 2) ℃, kusintha kwamphamvu kwamphamvu isanayambe komanso itatha ukalamba wotchinjiriza ndi ≤± 30%, kusintha kwa elongation pakupuma ndi ≤± 30%;kusintha kwa mphamvu yamphamvu isanayambe komanso itatha kukalamba ndi ≤ -30%, kusintha kwa kutalika kwa nthawi yopuma ≤± ​​30%.

5. Mayeso otsika kwambiri (8.5 mu GB/T2951.14-2008)

Kuzizira kutentha -40 ℃, nthawi 16h, kulemera kwa dontho 1000g, kulemera kwa chipika 200g, kutalika kwa dontho 100mm, sikuyenera kukhala ming'alu yowoneka pamwamba.

6. Mayeso opindika otsika (8.2 mu GB/T2951.14-2008)

Kuzizira kutentha (-40 ± 2) ℃, nthawi 16h, awiri a mayeso ndodo ndi 4 mpaka 5 m'mimba mwake kunja kwa chingwe, akupiringa 3 mpaka 4 nthawi, pambuyo mayeso, pasakhale ming'alu zooneka pa m'chimake. pamwamba.

7. Kuyesedwa kwa ozoni

Kutalika kwa chitsanzo ndi 20cm, ndipo amaikidwa mu chotengera chowumitsa kwa 16h.Kutalika kwa ndodo yoyesera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kupindika ndi (2 ± 0.1) nthawi yakunja kwa chingwe.Chipinda choyesera: kutentha (40 ± 2) ℃, chinyezi chachibale (55 ± 5)%, ozoni ndende (200 ± 50) × 10-6%, Kuthamanga kwa mpweya: 0.2 mpaka 0.5 nthawi ya chipinda / min.Chitsanzocho chimayikidwa mu bokosi loyesera kwa maola 72.Pambuyo pa mayeso, pasapezeke ming'alu yowoneka pa sheath pamwamba.

8. Kukana kwanyengo / kuyesa kwa ultraviolet

Kuzungulira kulikonse: kutsitsi kwa madzi kwa 18min, kuyanika nyali kwa xenon kwa 102min, kutentha (65±3) ℃, chinyezi chachibale 65%, mphamvu yochepa pansi pa mawonekedwe a kutalika kwa 300～400nm: (60±2)W/m2.Pambuyo pa maola 720, kuyesa kupindika kutentha kwapakati kunachitika.Kutalika kwa ndodo yoyesera ndi 4 mpaka 5 kutalika kwa chingwe chakunja.Pambuyo pa mayeso, pasapezeke ming'alu yowoneka pa sheath pamwamba.

9. Mayeso olowera mwamphamvu

Pa kutentha kwa firiji, liwiro lodula ndi 1N / s, ndi chiwerengero cha mayesero odula: 4 nthawi.Chitsanzocho chiyenera kupita patsogolo ndi 25mm ndi kuzungulira 90 ° molunjika nthawi iliyonse.Lembani mphamvu yolowera F panthawi yomwe singano yachitsulo imalumikizana ndi waya wamkuwa, ndipo mtengo wapakati womwe umapezeka ndi ≥150·Dn1/2N (gawo la 4mm2 Dn=2.5mm)

10. Kusamva mano

Tengani magawo atatu a zitsanzo, gawo lililonse ndi 25mm motalikirana, ndipo tembenuzani 90 ° kuti mupange denti 4, kuya kwake ndi 0.05mm ndi perpendicular kwa waya wamkuwa.Zigawo zitatu za zitsanzo zinayikidwa mu bokosi loyesera pa -15 ° C, kutentha kwa chipinda, ndi + 85 ° C kwa maola atatu, ndiyeno kuvulazidwa pa mandrel mu bokosi lililonse lofanana.Kutalika kwa mandrel kunali (3 ± 0.3) nthawi yochepa yakunja kwa chingwe.Chigoli chimodzi pa chitsanzo chilichonse chili kunja.Simaphwanya muyeso wa AC0.3kV wa kumiza m'madzi.

11. Mayeso a Sheath thermal shrinkage (No. 11 mu GB/T2951.13-2008)

Kutalika kwa chitsanzo ndi L1 = 300mm, kuikidwa mu uvuni wa 120 ° C kwa ola limodzi ndikupita kumalo otentha kuti azizizira.Bwerezani kuzizira ndi kutentha uku kasanu, ndipo pomaliza kuziziritsa mpaka kutentha.Kutsika kwamafuta kwachitsanzo kuyenera kukhala ≤2%.

12. Mayeso oyaka moto

Chingwe chomalizidwa chikayikidwa pa (60 ± 2) ° C kwa maola 4, chimayesedwa ndi mayeso oyaka omwe afotokozedwa mu GB/T18380.12-2008.

13. Mayeso a halogen

PH ndi conductivity
Kuyika kwachitsanzo: 16h, kutentha (21 ~ 25) ℃, chinyezi (45 ~ 55)%.Zitsanzo ziwiri, iliyonse (1000 ± 5) mg, zidaphwanyidwa kukhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ta 0.1 mg.Kuthamanga kwa mpweya (0.0157 · D2) l · h-1 ± 10%, mtunda wa pakati pa bwato loyaka moto ndi m'mphepete mwa malo abwino otentha a ng'anjo ndi ≥300mm, kutentha pa bwato loyaka moto kuyenera kukhala ≥935 ℃, 300m. kutali ndi bwato loyaka moto (kulowera kwa mpweya) Kutentha kuyenera kukhala ≥900℃.
Mpweya wopangidwa ndi chitsanzo choyesera umasonkhanitsidwa kudzera mu botolo lotsuka gasi lomwe lili ndi 450ml (PH mtengo 6.5 ± 1.0; conductivity ≤0.5μS / mm) ya madzi osungunuka.Nthawi yoyesera: 30min.Zofunikira: PH≥4.3;madutsidwe ≤10μS/mm.