Masana'antar photovoltaic ta kafa sabon motsi na haɗin kai tsaye

Dangane da babban daidaita tsarin makamashi na cikin gida, masana'antar makamashi ta hanzarta aiwatar da wani sabon zagaye na juyin juya halin makamashi wanda ke wakiltar makamashin kore, kuma masana'antar photovoltaic, daya daga cikin wakilan makamashin da ke tasowa, ita ma ta yi amfani da wannan damar don sharewa. hazo na baya da karbar sha'awar kasuwa.

Ƙarfin haɓakar masana'antu ya kuma kawo sababbin canje-canje ga yanayin gasa na kasuwar hoto na gida.Misali, sakamakon karuwar karuwar masana'antar daukar hoto, karfin samar da wutar lantarki na cikin gida ya ci gaba da fashe, wanda hakan ya sa kasuwar ta yi sama da fadi da bukatu, wanda hakan ya haifar da saurin raguwar babban riba mai yawa. na masana'antar photovoltaic.A cikin wannan mahallin, manyan kamfanoni a cikin masana'antu sun ƙaddamar da samar da haɗin gwiwa don zurfafa nasu, kuma suna tasowa a cikin hanyar haɗin kai tsaye.

Masana'antar Photovoltaic tana korar girgije kuma suna ganin rana

Bayan juye-juye da yawa, masana'antar daukar hoto ta gida a ƙarshe ta haifar da wani fashewa a cikin 2020.

A gaskiya ma, tun a farkon 2011, masana'antar daukar hoto ta gida tana fuskantar rashin daidaituwa tsakanin wadata da buƙatu a cikin kasuwannin cikin gida saboda haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakawa, kuma masana'antar ta shiga lokacin daidaitawa mai ƙarfi.Bayan fiye da shekaru biyu na gyare-gyare, an rage sabani tsakanin wadata da buƙatu a cikin kasuwar photovoltaic a hankali a cikin 2013. Haɗe tare da goyon bayan manufofin gida, mummunan tasirin da masana'antun ke haifar da cyclicality a hankali ya ɓace, kuma masana'antar photovoltaic ta ƙarshe ta watsar da girgije. kuma ga rana a wannan lokacin.Hasashen masana'antar yana ƙara bayyana.

Dangane da rahoton bincike na Guotai Junan Securities, jimlar shigar da ƙarfin tallafin tallan tallace-tallace na cikin gida a cikin 2020 ya kai 25.97GW, wanda ya zarce kiyasin 20GW na kasuwa.A matsayin jagoran masana'antu, hannun jari Longi, hannun jari na Tongwei da sauran kamfanoni da yawa da aka jera na hoto, don haka farashin hannun jari ya karu, kuma shahararsa a cikin masana'antar ya ci gaba da hauhawa.

Kuma a bayan kasuwannin hotunan hoto na gida mai tasowa, ba za a iya raba shi da abubuwa da yawa ba.Da farko dai, dangane da manufofi, sake sakin takardun da suka dace kamar "Bayanin Ayyukan Gida na Photovoltaic" da "Tsarin Gina na Ƙasar Sufuri Mai Ƙarfi" a cikin 2019 sun sa masana'antar daukar hoto ta gida ta fi dacewa a cikin tsarin gasar da tsarin tallafi. , wanda ya kafa harsashin ingantaccen ci gaban masana'antu.

Abu na biyu, a ƙarƙashin ci gaba da haɓaka haɓaka fasahar fasaha, farashin masana'antar hoto ya ragu sosai, wanda ya ƙara haɓaka ci gaban masana'antar.Yayin da kayan aikin samar da kayayyaki na cikin gida na masana'antar daukar hoto na cikin gida ke haɓaka, yawan kuɗin zuba jari na masana'antu ya fara raguwa sosai.A cikin sashin wafer na silicon, farashin hannun jari na sandar ja na cikin gida da sassan simintin ingot a shekarar 2019 ya kai yuan/ton 61,000 da yuan 26,000 bi da bi, wanda ya kasance raguwar 6.15% da 7.14% idan aka kwatanta da shekarar 2018. na layin samar da batir na PERC a bangaren batir shima ya ragu zuwa yuan/MW 300,000, raguwar kashi 27 cikin dari a duk shekara.

A ƙarƙashin tasirin waɗannan abubuwa guda biyu, masana'antar hoto ta gida ta haifar da sabon zagaye na babban ci gaban tattalin arziki.Bisa kididdigar da aka samu daga Zhiyan Consulting, yawan kudin da ake fitarwa na masana'antar sarrafa wutar lantarki ya kai yuan biliyan 1105.2 a shekarar 2019, kuma ana sa ran wannan adadin zai kai yuan biliyan 20684 nan da shekarar 2025. Har yanzu ana sa ran fatan samun ci gaba a nan gaba.

Masana'antar photovoltaic ta kafa sabon motsi na haɗin kai tsaye

Yayin da masana'antar daukar hoto ta kasar Sin ke samun bunkasuwa, yanayin gasa na kasuwa ma yana canzawa.Misali, tun daga shekarar 2019, abin mamaki na hadewar manyan kamfanoni a cikin masana'antar daukar hoto ta gida ya bayyana.Kamar yadda shugabannin masana'antu, JinkoSolar, JA Solar Technology da Longi Co., Ltd. sun aiwatar da jerin hanyoyin haɗin kai guda uku a cikin silicon, batura, da kayayyaki.A sa'i daya kuma, Trina Solar, Touri New Energy, da Tianlong Optoelectronics su ma sun hada karfi da karfe.

Akwai manyan dalilai guda biyu na wannan lamarin.A gefe guda, raguwar tallafin da raguwar saka hannun jari daga sassan masana'antu ya sanya matsin lamba kan kamfanoni, kuma yana da kyau kamfanoni su ba da hadin kai don fadada fa'idarsu.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da sannu-sannu na masana'antar hoto na gida, tallafin manufofin asali na masana'antar hoto ya fara raguwa kowace shekara.

Bisa kididdigar da aka yi na dandalin watsa labarai na makamashi na kasa, farashin wutar lantarki na kan-grid na photovoltaic a cikin nau'o'in albarkatun albarkatu guda uku a kasar Sin ya ragu da fiye da kashi 60 cikin 100 tun daga shekarar 2012, kuma tallafin da aka raba don ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic. Hakanan an saukar da shi sau 4, wanda ke da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan babban ribar riba na masana'antar hoto.Babban tasiri.A wannan yanayin, manyan kamfanoni irin su Longji hannun jari a zahiri suna son rage farashi ta hanyar aiwatar da tsarin haɗin kai tsaye, don haɓaka fa'idodin farashin su.

A gefe guda kuma, tsammanin masana'antar hoto yana ƙara bayyana a hankali, yana rage haɗarin sauye-sauye na cyclical a cikin masana'antar, wanda kuma ya ba da damar kamfanoni su aiwatar da tsarin haɗin kai tsaye.Kamar yadda matsakaici da tsayin lokaci na buƙatar masana'antar photovoltaic ya kasance mai ƙarfi, tasirinsa na cyclical akan ribar masana'antar kuma yana raguwa sosai, wanda ya haɓaka haɓaka haɓaka masana'antu a tsaye.

Bayan da aka inganta samfurin haɗin gwiwar masana'antu, abubuwan da ke tattare da manyan kamfanoni a cikin kasuwar hoto ya zama mafi bayyane.Alal misali, a lokacin annoba ta wannan shekara, manyan kamfanoni a cikin masana'antar photovoltaic na gida sun sami adadi mai yawa na umarni ta hanyar farashi da fa'idodin tashar tashar haɗin gwiwar samfurin, yayin da adadin umarni da wasu ƙananan masana'antu suka samu. a cikin masana'antar ya ragu sosai, har ma an tilasta wa wasu kamfanoni dakatar da samarwa.

Ana iya ganin cewa wannan samfurin da manyan kamfanoni ke aiwatarwa yana da matukar fa'ida ga ci gaba da karfafa matsayinsu mai karfi, kuma hakan ya kara karfafa tsarin hadewar manyan masana'antu a tsaye, yana mai da tsarin hada-hadar kai tsaye ya zama sabon salo a cikin ci gaba. na masana'antu.

Hadarin har yanzu akwai

Koyaya, daga yanayin kasuwa gabaɗaya, har yanzu akwai lahani da yawa a cikin ƙirar haɗin kai tsaye.Da farko dai, tsarin haɗin kai zai kawo babban haɗari ga kamfanoni yayin fuskantar fasahar masana'antu da canje-canjen kasuwa.

Alal misali, sabon ƙarni na fasahar HJT a cikin ɓangaren baturi na masana'antu na photovoltaic ya nuna yiwuwar maye gurbin fasahar PERC, wanda ke nufin cewa kamfanoni masu haɗaka suna buƙatar biyan kuɗi mafi girma a cikin canjin kayan aikin zuba jari ko ayyukan da aka watsar.

Bugu da ƙari, haɗarin dogon lokacin biyan aikin kuma babbar matsala ce da haɗaɗɗun kamfanoni ke buƙatar fuskantar sauye-sauyen kasuwa.Kamar yadda yanayin farashin masana'antar photovoltaic ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, sake zagayowar sake zagayowar ayyukan tsaka-tsaki kuma yana samun tsayi, kuma wannan yanayin ya fi fitowa fili a cikin ƙirar da aka haɗa, yana sa kamfanoni masu tsaka-tsaki suna fuskantar haɗarin ruwa mafi girma dangane da dawo da babban birnin.

Na biyu, bambance-bambancen ingancin samar da masana'antu daban-daban su ma wani babban cikas ne ga hadewar kamfanoni.Misali, hannun jari Longi da sauran kamfanoni masu aiwatar da haɗin kai tsaye suna da babban gibi a tsari, fasaha da gudanarwa.A wannan yanayin, yadda za a yi amfani da fa'idodin kamfanoni daban-daban don haɓaka haɓakar samarwa a cikin tsarin haɗin kai tsaye ya cancanci yin tunani.

Bugu da ƙari, kowane kamfani yana da nasa na musamman dangane da kayan aiki da hanyoyin tallace-tallace.Don haka, ba makawa aikin samar da kamfani zai yi tasiri ta hanyar rarraba layukan samarwa a farkon matakin haɗin gwiwa.Idan ba a magance wannan matsala ta yadda ya kamata ba ko daidaitawa, ƙananan fa'ida na ƙirar haɗin gwiwar ba kawai zai zama da wuya a gane ba, har ma zai haifar da matsalolin shigarwa mai tsada da ƙananan fitarwa.Ana iya ganin cewa ƙirar haɗin kai tsaye da kamfanonin photovoltaic suka aiwatar har yanzu suna fuskantar matsaloli da yawa a aikace-aikace masu amfani.

Yadda za a ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfi da guje wa rauni?

Abubuwan da waɗannan matsalolin suka shafa, ƙirar haɗin kai ta tsaye kuma an yi tambaya a cikin kasuwar hotovoltaic.Don haka, shin haɗin kai tsaye yana da ma'ana?

Don amsa wannan tambayar, har yanzu muna buƙatar haɗa bincike daga bangarori da yawa.Daga ra'ayi na kasuwa, kamfanoni na photovoltaic suna aiwatar da tsarin haɗin kai a tsaye musamman don haɓaka nasu gasa.Sabili da haka, yadda za a yi amfani da fa'idodin tsarin haɗin kai shine matsala da kamfanonin photovoltaic ke buƙatar yin tunani a hankali.A cikin ƙirar da aka haɗa, kasuwancin yana da ƙarfin sarrafa farashi mai ƙarfi ta hanyar haɗin samarwa da samarwa, kuma fa'idodinsa a cikin farashi kuma na iya yin yaƙi don ƙarin himma a kasuwa.

Misali, ta fuskar albarkatun sarkar masana’antu da hanyoyin tallace-tallace, irin wadannan kamfanoni za su iya amfani da albarkatun da suka riga suka sarrafa don samun karfin ciniki a kasuwa, ta yadda za a rage farashin siyan danyen kaya ko kara farashin kayayyakin, da kuma rage matsi daga masana’antar. raguwar babban ribar riba.Yayin da wannan fa'idar ta ƙara fitowa fili, fa'idodin da ke akwai na kamfanoni a cikin wannan ƙirar kuma za a ƙarfafa su.

Don matsalar ingancin sarrafa kayan aiki a cikin wannan ƙirar, kamfanoni suna buƙatar yin shirye-shiryen samarwa, yin cikakken amfani da kayan aikin layin samarwa, da haɓaka haɓakar samarwa yayin sarrafa farashi, don nuna fa'idodin farashi na ƙirar haɗin gwiwa.Fasahar HJT, wacce har yanzu tana kan matakin farko na ci gaba, ko da yake yana da wahala a shahara saboda lamurra masu tsada, fa'idarta mai inganci da babbar fa'idar ci gabanta har yanzu tana buƙatar haɗaɗɗen kamfanonin ƙirar ƙira don ba da amsa a gaba.

Yin la'akari da kwanciyar hankali na halin yanzu na kasuwa na hotovoltaic, abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin hadedde model da yawa fiye da rashin amfani na kamfanoni.Amma a cikin dogon lokaci, haɗarin haɓakar fasaha a cikin tsarin haɗin kai tsaye zai kawo ƙarin rashin tabbas ga kasuwancin.

Sabili da haka, a cikin dogon lokaci, sarkar masana'antu da fa'idodin farashin da aka kawo ta hanyar haɗaɗɗiyar ƙirar ba za ta iya haɓaka ainihin gasa na kamfanonin hotovoltaic a kasuwa ba.Idan kamfanonin photovoltaic suna son haɓaka ci gaba da lafiya, suna buƙatar samun fasaha, kasuwa da sauran fannoni.Ta hanyar ci gaba ne kawai za mu iya fahimtar ƙarin himma a kasuwa.