2021-02-08
Esimweni sokulungiswa okukhulu kwesakhiwo samandla asekhaya, imboni yamandla yaqala ngokushesha umjikelezo omusha wokuguqulwa kwamandla omele amandla aluhlaza, futhi imboni ye-photovoltaic, omunye wabameleli bamandla abasafufusa, nayo yathatha leli thuba ukushanela. inkungu edlule futhi ithola umdlandla wemakethe.
Ukuthuthukiswa okunamandla kwemboni nakho kulethe izinguquko ezintsha esimweni sokuncintisana semakethe yasekhaya ye-photovoltaic.Isibonelo, ehlaselwe yi-boom ephezulu embonini ye-photovoltaic, amandla okukhiqiza embonini ye-photovoltaic yasekhaya aqhubeka nokuqhuma, okwabangela ukuthi imakethe ibe nokuphikisana nokufunwa ngokweqile, okwaholela ekwehleni ngokushesha kwenzuzo yenzuzo enkulu. imboni ye-photovoltaic.Kulo mongo, izinkampani eziholayo embonini zenze ukukhiqizwa okuhlangene ukuze zijulise i-moat yazo, futhi zithuthuka ngendlela yokuhlanganiswa okuqondile.
Ngemuva kokuphenduka okuningana, imboni yasekhaya ye-photovoltaic yagcina ingenise okunye ukuqubuka ngo-2020.
Eqinisweni, ekuqaleni kuka-2011, imboni yasekhaya ye-photovoltaic yayibhekene nokungalingani phakathi kokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo emakethe yasekhaya ngenxa yokukhula ngokweqile kwamandla okukhiqiza, futhi imboni yangena esikhathini sokulungiswa okukhulu.Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwemibili yokulungiswa, ukungqubuzana phakathi kokunikezwa kanye nesidingo emakethe ye-photovoltaic kwancipha kancane kancane ngo-2013. Ngokuhambisana nokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo yasekhaya, umthelela omubi olethwa ukujikeleza kwemboni kancane kancane, futhi imboni ye-photovoltaic ekugcineni ixosha amafu. futhi ngibone ilanga ngalesi sikhathi.Umbono wale mboni uya ngokuya ucaca.
Ngokombiko wocwaningo kaGuotai Junan Securities, isamba esifakiwe soxhaso lwebhidi yemakethe yasekhaya ye-photovoltaic ngo-2020 sesifinyelele ku-25.97GW, esidlula kude isilinganiso semakethe esilinganiselwa ku-20GW.Njengomholi wemboni, amasheya kaLongi, amasheya e-Tongwei nezinye izinkampani eziningi ezisohlwini lwe-photovoltaic, ngakho Intengo yesitoko ikhuphukile, futhi ukuthandwa kwayo embonini nakho kuye kwaqhubeka nokukhuphuka.
Futhi ngemuva kwemakethe ye-photovoltaic yasekhaya ekhulayo, ayinakuhlukaniswa nezinto eziningi.Okokuqala, ngokwezinqubomgomo, ukukhishwa okulandelanayo kwemibhalo efanelekile efana ne- “Household Photovoltaic Project Information” kanye “Ne-Construction Outline of a Powerful Transportation Country” ngo-2019 kwenze imboni yasekhaya ye-photovoltaic yasebenza kahle kakhulu endleleni yokuncintisana kanye nohlelo loxhaso. , okwabeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa okunempilo kwemboni.
Okwesibili, ngaphansi kokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe, izindleko zemboni ye-photovoltaic ziye zehla kakhulu, okuye kwakhuthaza phambili ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha.Njengoba imishini yokukhiqiza yasekhaya yemboni ye-photovoltaic yasekhaya ishesha, izindleko eziphelele zokutshala izimali zemboni seziqale ukwehla kakhulu.Esigabeni se-silicon wafer, izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali ze-doull rod kanye nezingxenye zokusakaza ze-ingot ngo-2019 zifinyelele ku-61,000 yuan/ton kanye no-26,000 yuan/ton ngokulandelanayo, obekungukwehla ngo-6.15% no-7.14% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2018. , Izindleko zokutshala imali yolayini wokukhiqiza amabhethri we-PERC emkhakheni webhethri nawo wehle wafinyelela ku-300,000 yuan/MW, ukwehla konyaka nonyaka ngama-27%.
Ngaphansi kwethonya lalezi zici ezimbili, imboni yasekhaya ye-photovoltaic ingenise umjikelezo omusha wokukhula komnotho okuphezulu.Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-Zhiyan Consulting, inani lokukhishwa kwemboni ye-photovoltaic lifinyelele ku-1105.2 billion yuan ngo-2019, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi le datha izofinyelela ku-20684 billion yuan ngo-2025. Amathemba esikhathi esizayo asafanele ukubheka phambili.
Ngenkathi imboni ye-photovoltaic yaseChina idlondlobala, isimo semakethe sokuncintisana siyashintsha.Isibonelo, kusukela ngo-2019, isenzakalo sokuhlanganiswa kwezinkampani eziholayo embonini yasekhaya ye-photovoltaic iye yavela.Njengoba abaholi bemboni, i-JinkoSolar, i-JA Solar Technology kanye ne-Longi Co., Ltd. benze uchungechunge lwezixhumanisi ezintathu ku-silicon, amabhethri, namamojula.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Trina Solar, i-Touri New Energy, ne-Tianlong Optoelectronics nabo bahlanganyele.
Kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zalesi simo.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwehla kwezibonelelo kanye nokwehla kokutshalwa kwezimali ngamayunithi emboni kuye kwafaka ingcindezi eyandayo ezinkampanini, futhi kunengqondo ukuthi izinkampani zibambisane ukuze zandise izinzuzo zazo.Eminyakeni yamuva, ngokukhuphuka kancane kancane kwemboni ye-photovoltaic yasekhaya, ukuxhaswa kwenqubomgomo yasekuqaleni yemboni ye-photovoltaic yaqala ukwehla unyaka nonyaka.
Ngokwezibalo ze-National Energy Information Platform, intengo kagesi kugridi ye-photovoltaics ezinhlotsheni ezintathu zezindawo zezinsiza e-China yehliswe ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-60 kusukela ngo-2012, futhi uxhaso lwamaphrojekthi okukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic asabalalisiwe. iphinde yehliswa izikhathi ezi-4, okunomthelela obalulekile emalini yenzuzo enkulu yemboni ye-photovoltaic.Umthelela omkhulu.Kulokhu, izinkampani ezihamba phambili ezifana namasheya e-Longji ngokwemvelo zifuna ukunciphisa izindleko ngokusebenzisa imodeli yokuhlanganisa eqondile, ukuze kwandiswe izinzuzo zazo zezindleko.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amathemba embonini ye-photovoltaic kancane kancane ayacaca, anciphisa ingozi yezinguquko ze-cyclical embonini, futhi inikeza ithuba lokuba amabhizinisi asebenzise imodeli yokuhlanganisa eqondile.Njengoba isidingo sesikhathi esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside semboni ye-photovoltaic sivame ukuzinza, umthelela wayo we-cyclical enzuzweni yemboni nawo uyancipha kakhulu, okuye kwasheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlanganiswa okuqondile kwemboni.
Ngemuva kokuthi imodeli yokuhlanganiswa kwemboni ithuthukiswe, izinzuzo zezinkampani ezihamba phambili emakethe ye-photovoltaic ziye zabonakala kakhulu.Isibonelo, phakathi nobhubhane lwalo nyaka, izinkampani ezihamba phambili embonini yasekhaya ye-photovoltaic zithole inani elikhulu lama-oda ngenxa yezindleko nezinzuzo zesiteshi zemodeli ehlanganisiwe, kuyilapho inani lama-oda atholwe amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi. embonini yehle kakhulu, ezinye izinkampani zize zaphoqeleka ukuthi zimise ukukhiqiza.
Kuyabonakala ukuthi le modeli esetshenziswa amabhizinisi aphambili inenzuzo enkulu ekuqiniseni ngokwengeziwe isikhundla sazo esikhulu, futhi lokhu kuye kwaqinisa inqubo yokuhlanganiswa okuqondile kwamabhizinisi ahamba phambili, okwenza imodeli yokuhlanganisa eqondile iqhubeke ibe yinkambiso entsha ekuthuthukisweni. wemboni.
Nokho, ngokombono wemakethe iyonke, kuseneziphambeko eziningi kumodeli yokuhlanganisa eqondile.Okokuqala nje, imodeli yokuhlanganisa izoletha ubungozi obukhulu emabhizinisini lapho ebhekene nobuchwepheshe bezimboni kanye nezinguquko zemakethe.
Isibonelo, isizukulwane esisha sobuchwepheshe be-HJT embonini yebhethri ye-photovoltaic sibonise amandla okushintsha ubuchwepheshe be-PERC, okusho ukuthi amabhizinisi ahlanganisiwe adinga ukukhokha izindleko eziphakeme ekuguquleni imishini yokutshala izimali noma amaphrojekthi ashiywe.
Ukwengeza, ingcuphe yesikhathi eside sokukhokha iphrojekthi nayo iyinkinga evelele amabhizinisi adidiyelwe okudingeka abhekane nayo ekushintsheni kwemakethe.Njengoba ijika lezindleko zemboni ye-photovoltaic lithambekele ekubeni isicaba, umjikelezo wokukhokha wamaphrojekthi aphakathi nendawo nawo uya ngokuya uthatha isikhathi eside, futhi lo mkhuba usobala kakhulu kumodeli ehlanganisiwe, okwenza izinkampani ezimaphakathi zibhekane nezingozi eziphezulu ze-liquidity mayelana nokubuyiselwa kwezimali.
Okwesibili, umehluko ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhiqiza kwamabhizinisi ahlukahlukene nawo uyisithiyo esikhulu ekuhlanganisweni kwamabhizinisi.Isibonelo, amasheya e-Longi namanye amabhizinisi asebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa okuqondile anegebe elikhulu ekwakhekeni, ezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuphatha.Kulokhu, indlela yokusebenzisa izinzuzo zamabhizinisi ahlukahlukene ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza ohlelweni lokuhlanganisa oluqondile kufanelekile ukuzindla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkampani ngayinye inokwehluka kwayo ngokwemishini neziteshi zokumaketha.Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kwenkampani nakanjani kuzothinteka ngokusatshalaliswa kwemigqa yokukhiqiza esigabeni sokuqala sombimbi.Uma le nkinga ingakaxazululwa ngokuphumelelayo noma ilinganiselwe, inzuzo ephansi yezindleko zemodeli edidiyelwe ngeke ibe nzima nje ukuyibona, izobangela ngisho nezinkinga zokufakwayo kwezindleko eziphezulu kanye nokukhishwa okuphansi.Kungabonakala ukuthi imodeli yokuhlanganisa eqondile eyenziwe ngamabhizinisi e-photovoltaic isabhekene nobunzima obuningi ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo.
Ethintwe yilezi zinkinga, imodeli yokuhlanganiswa eqondile iye yabuzwa futhi emakethe ye-photovoltaic.Ngakho-ke, ingabe ukuhlanganiswa okuqondile kunengqondo?
Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, sisadinga ukuhlanganisa ukuhlaziya okuvela ezicini eziningi.Ngokombono wemakethe, izinkampani ze-photovoltaic zisebenzisa imodeli yokuhlanganisa eqondile ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwazo.Ngakho-ke, indlela yokusebenzisa izinzuzo zemodeli yokuhlanganiswa kuyinkinga ukuthi izinkampani ze-photovoltaic zidinga ukucabanga ngokucophelela.Kumodeli ehlanganisiwe, ibhizinisi linamandla anamandla okulawula izindleko ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela yokukhiqiza nokuhlinzeka, futhi izinzuzo zalo ezindlekweni zingalwela futhi isinyathelo esithe xaxa emakethe.
Isibonelo, mayelana nezinsiza ze-industrial chain kanye nemigudu yokumaketha, lezo zinkampani zingasebenzisa izinsiza esezivele ziziphethe ukuze zithole amandla aphezulu okuxoxisana emakethe, ngaleyo ndlela zehlise izindleko zokuthengwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe noma zikhuphule amanani entengo yomkhiqizo, futhi zidambise ingcindezi yemboni. ukwehla kwe-gross profit margin.Njengoba le nzuzo igqama kakhulu, izinzuzo ezikhona zamabhizinisi kule modeli nazo zizohlanganiswa.
Ngenkinga yokusebenza kahle kokuphathwa kokukhiqiza kulo modeli, izinkampani zidinga ukwenza ukuhlela ukukhiqiza, zisebenzise ngokugcwele imishini yomugqa wokukhiqiza, futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza ngenkathi zilawula izindleko, ukuze zigqamise izinzuzo zezindleko zemodeli ehlanganisiwe.Ubuchwepheshe be-HJT, obusesigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthuka, nakuba kunzima ukuduma ngenxa yezinkinga zezindleko, izinzuzo zabo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu namandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa kusadinga izinkampani zamamodeli adidiyelwe ukuthi ziphendule kusenesikhathi.
Uma sibheka ukuzinza kwamanje kwemakethe ye-photovoltaic, izinzuzo zemodeli edidiyelwe zidlula kude ukonakala kwamabhizinisi.Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubungozi bokuphindaphinda ubuchwepheshe kumodeli yokuhlanganisa eqondile zisazoletha ukungaqiniseki okwengeziwe ebhizinisini.
Ngakho-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinzuzo zezimboni kanye nezindleko ezilethwa imodeli ehlanganisiwe azikwazi ukuthuthukisa unomphela ukuncintisana okuyinhloko kwezinkampani ze-photovoltaic emakethe.Uma izinkampani ze-photovoltaic zifuna ukuthuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo nempilo, zidinga futhi ukuthola ubuchwepheshe, imakethe nezinye izici.Ngokuphumelela kuphela lapho singakwazi khona ukubamba imizamo eyengeziwe emakethe.
I-Dongguan Slocable Photovoltaic Technology Co.,LTD.
Engeza:Guangda Manufacturing Hongmei Science and Technology Park, No. 9-2, Hongmei Section, Wangsha Road, Hongmei Town, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
TEL:0769-22010201
