Indasitiri ye photovoltaic inogadzirisa mafungu matsva ekubatanidza vertical

Muchirevo chekugadzirisa kukuru kwesimba remumba, iyo indasitiri yemagetsi yakakurumidza kumisa kutenderera kutsva kwesimba revolution inomiririrwa negirinhi simba, uye iyo photovoltaic indasitiri, mumwe wevamiriri vesimba rinobuda, akatorawo mukana uyu kutsvaira. mhute yapfuura uye inogamuchira kufarira kwemusika.

Iko kusimukira kwakasimba kweindastiri kwaunzawo shanduko nyowani kune inokwikwidza mamiriro emumba photovoltaic musika.Semuyenzaniso, yakakanganiswa neiyo yakakwira boom muindasitiri yephotovoltaic, iyo yemukati photovoltaic indasitiri yekugadzira yakaramba ichiputika, izvo zvakazoita kuti musika uve nekuwandisa uye kudiwa kupokana, izvo zvakazoita kuti kukurumidza kuderera kweiyo gross profit margin. ye photovoltaic industry.Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, makambani anotungamira muindastiri akatanga kugadzirwa kwakabatana kuti vawedzere moat yavo, uye vari kusimukira munzira yekubatanidza yakatwasuka.

Photovoltaic indasitiri inodzinga makore uye kuona zuva

Mushure mekutenderera kwakati wandei uye kutendeuka, iyo yepamba photovoltaic indasitiri yakazounza kumwe kubuda muna 2020.

Muchokwadi, kutanga kwa2011, iyo indasitiri yemafotovoltaic indasitiri yakatarisana nekusaenzana pakati pekupa uye kudiwa mumusika wepamba nekuda kwekukura kwakanyanya mukugona kugadzira, uye indasitiri yakapinda munguva yekugadziriswa kwakanyanya.Mushure memakore anopfuura maviri ekugadzirisa, kupesana pakati pekupa uye kudiwa mumusika we photovoltaic kwakadzikiswa zvishoma nezvishoma muna 2013. Yakabatana nerutsigiro rwemitemo yepamba, kukanganisa kwakaipa kwakaunzwa neindasitiri ye cyclicality kwakaderera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye indasitiri ye photovoltaic pakupedzisira inodzinga makore. uye kuona zuva panguva ino.Maonero eindasitiri ari kujeka.

Zvinoenderana neshumo yekutsvagisa yakaitwa naGuotai Junan Securities, huwandu hwakazara hwakaisirwa hwepamusha photovoltaic musika wekubhidha rubatsiro muna 2020 hwasvika 25.97GW, kudarika musika unofungidzirwa 20GW.Sezvo mutungamiri weindasitiri, Longi anogovera, Tongwei anogovera uye mamwe akawanda akanyorwa makambani ephotovoltaic, saka Mutengo wemari wakakwira, uye mukurumbira wayo muindasitiri wakaramba uchikwirawo.

Uye kuseri kwemusika wepasi rose wephotovoltaic, hausi kuparadzaniswa kubva kune zvakawanda zvinhu.Chekutanga, maererano nemitemo, kuburitswa kunotevedzana kwemagwaro akakodzera akadai se "Household Photovoltaic Project Information" uye "Kuvaka Rondedzero yeNyika Ine Simba Yekufambisa" muna 2019 yakaita kuti indasitiri yemumba yephotovoltaic ive yakakwana mune yemakwikwi masisitimu uye nerubatsiro system. , iyo yakaisa hwaro hwekusimudzira hutano hweindasitiri.

Chechipiri, pasi pekuenderera mberi kwetekinoroji iterative upgrade, mari ye photovoltaic industry yakaderera zvikuru, iyo yakawedzera kukurudzira kufambira mberi kwekambani.Sezvo midziyo yekugadzira yepamba yeindasitiri yephotovoltaic ichikwira, mutengo wekudyara weindasitiri watanga kudonha zvakanyanya.Muchikamu chesilicon wafer, mutengo wekudyara wemba yekudhonza tsvimbo uye ingot casting zvikamu muna 2019 yakasvika zviuru makumi matanhatu negumi zveyuan/tani uye zviuru makumi maviri nematanhatu yuan/tani zvichiteerana, uko kwaive kudzikira kwe6.15% ne7.14% zvichienzaniswa ne2018. , Mari yekudyara yePERC bhatiri yekugadzira mutsara muchikamu chebhatiri yadonhawo kusvika ku300,000 yuan/MW, kuderera kwegore negore kwe27%.

Pasi pesimba rezvinhu zviviri izvi, iyo yepamba photovoltaic indasitiri yakaunza kutenderera kutsva kwekukura kwehupfumi.Maererano nedheta kubva kuZhiyan Consulting, kukosha kwekubuda kweiyo photovoltaic industry yakasvika 1105.2 bhiriyoni yuan muna 2019, uye zvinotarisirwa kuti iyi data ichasvika 20684 bhiriyoni yuan ne2025. Tarisiro yeramangwana ichiri kukosha kutarisira.

Indasitiri ye photovoltaic inogadzirisa mafungu matsva ekubatanidza vertical

Nepo indasitiri yephotovoltaic yeChina iri kuwedzera, mamiriro emakwikwi emusika ari kuchinjawo.Semuenzaniso, kubvira 2019, chiitiko chekubatanidzwa kwemakambani anotungamira muindasitiri yephotovoltaic indasitiri yakaonekwa.Sevatungamiriri veindasitiri, JinkoSolar, JA Solar Technology uye Longi Co., Ltd. vakaita zvakatevedzana zvitatu zvinongedzo musilicon, mabhatiri, uye mamodule.Panguva imwecheteyo, Trina Solar, Touri New Energy, uye Tianlong Optoelectronics vakabatanawo mauto.

Pane zvikonzero zviviri zvikuru zvechiitiko ichi.Kune rimwe divi, kudzikira kwerubatsiro uye kudzikira kwekudyara nezvikamu zveindasitiri kwawedzera kumanikidza kumakambani, uye zvine musoro kuti makambani abatane mukuwedzera zvakanakira.Mumakore achangopfuura, nekuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kwekambani ye photovoltaic yepamba, rubatsiro rwepakutanga rwemitemo ye photovoltaic industry yakatanga kuderera gore negore.

Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hweNational Energy Information Platform, iyo bhenji pa-grid magetsi mutengo we photovoltaics mumhando nhatu dzenzvimbo dzezviwanikwa muChina yakaderedzwa neinopfuura 60% kubva 2012, uye rubatsiro rwekugovera mapurojekiti emagetsi emagetsi ane simba. yakaderedzwawo 4 nguva, iyo ine simba guru pamari yakawanda yepurofiti yephotovoltaic industry.Kukanganisa kukuru.Muchiitiko ichi, makambani anotungamira akadai seLongji shares anoda kudzikisa mutengo nekushandisa yakatwasuka yekubatanidza modhi, kuitira kuti vawedzere mabhenefiti avo.

Kune rimwe divi, tarisiro yeindasitiri yephotovoltaic iri kujeka zvishoma nezvishoma, ichideredza njodzi yekuchinja kweiyo cyclical muindasitiri, iyo inopawo mukana wekuti mabhizinesi aite vertical integration model.Sezvo iyo yepakati uye yenguva refu kudiwa kweiyo photovoltaic indasitiri kunowanzo kuve yakagadzikana, iyo cyclical kukanganisa kweiyo indasitiri purofiti inoderedzwawo zvakanyanya, izvo zvakawedzera kusimudzira indasitiri yakatwasuka yekubatanidza.

Mushure mokunge iyo indasitiri yekubatanidza muenzaniso inokurudzirwa, zvakanakira makambani anotungamira mumusika we photovoltaic ave pachena.Semuenzaniso, panguva yedenda regore rino, makambani anotungamira muindasitiri yephotovoltaic akawana huwandu hukuru hwemirairo nekuda kwemutengo uye mabhenefiti echiteshi cheiyo yakabatanidzwa modhi, nepo nhamba yemirairo yakagamuchirwa nemamwe madiki uye epakati mabhizinesi. indasitiri yaderera zvakanyanya, uye mamwe makambani akatomanikidzwa kumisa kugadzira.

Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti iyi modhi yakaitwa nemabhizinesi anotungamira inobatsira zvikuru mukuwedzera kubatanidzwa kwenzvimbo yavo yekutonga, uye izvi zvakawedzera kusimbisa maitiro ekubatanidza kwakatwasuka kwemabhizinesi anotungamira, zvichiita kuti vertical yekubatanidza modhi iwedzere maitiro matsva mukusimudzira. zveindasitiri.

Ngozi ichiripo

Nekudaro, kubva pakuona kwemusika sewese, kuchine zvakawanda zvakakanganisika mune yakatwasuka yekubatanidza modhi.Chekutanga pane zvese, iyo yekubatanidza modhi ichaunza njodzi dzakakwirira kumabhizinesi kana akatarisana neindasitiri tekinoroji uye shanduko yemusika.

Semuenzaniso, chizvarwa chitsva cheHJT tekinoroji muindasitiri yebhatiri yephotovoltaic yakaratidza mukana wekutsiva tekinoroji yePERC, zvinoreva kuti mabhizinesi akabatanidzwa anofanirwa kubhadhara mutengo wakakwira mukushandurwa kwemidziyo yekudyara kana mapurojekiti akasiiwa.

Pamusoro pezvo, njodzi yenguva yakareba yekubhadhara chirongwa zvakare idambudziko rakakurumbira iro mabhizinesi akabatanidzwa anofanirwa kutarisana nawo mukushandurwa kwemusika.Sezvo mutengo weiyo indasitiri yephotovoltaic unowedzera kupfava, kutenderera kwekubhadhara kwemapurojekiti epakati kuri kuwedzera zvakare, uye maitiro aya ari pachena mumuenzaniso wakabatanidzwa, zvichiita kuti makambani epakati asangane nenjodzi dzepamusoro dzemari maererano nekudzoreredza mari.

Kechipiri, misiyano mukugadzirwa kwemabhizinesi akasiyana siyana zvakare chipingamupinyi chikuru mukubatanidzwa kwemabhizinesi.Semuyenzaniso, migove yeLongi uye mamwe mabhizinesi anoshandisa vertical kusanganisa ane gaka guru muchimiro, tekinoroji uye manejimendi.Mune ino kesi, maitiro ekushandisa zvakanakira emabhizinesi akasiyana siyana kuvandudza kugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi mune yakatwasuka yekubatanidza system inofanirwa kufungisisa.

Pamusoro pezvo, kambani yega yega ine yakasarudzika maererano nemidziyo uye nzira dzekushambadzira.Naizvozvo, kubudirira kwekambani kugadzirwa kuchakanganisika nekugoverwa kwemitsara yekugadzira muchikamu chekutanga chemubatanidzwa.Kana dambudziko iri risina kunyatsogadziriswa kana kuenzanisa, iyo yakaderera-yepamusoro-soro yemuenzaniso wakabatanidzwa haizongove yakaoma kuziva, inotozokonzera matambudziko ekudhura-kupinza uye kuderera.Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti vertical integration model inoshandiswa ne photovoltaic enterprises ichiri kutarisana nematambudziko akawanda mumashandisirwo anoshanda.

Nzira yekuwedzera sei simba uye kudzivisa kushaya simba?

Kubatwa nezvinetso izvi, vertical integration model yakabvunzwawo mumusika we photovoltaic.Saka, kusanganisa kwakatwasuka kune musoro here?

Kuti tipindure mubvunzo uyu, isu tichiri kuda kusanganisa ongororo kubva kune dzakawanda zvinhu.Kubva pamaonero emusika, makambani ephotovoltaic anoshandisa iyo yakatwasuka yekubatanidza modhi kunyanya kusimudzira kwavo kukwikwidza.Nokudaro, nzira yekushandisa zvikomborero zvemuenzaniso wekubatanidza idambudziko iro makambani e photovoltaic anofanirwa kufunga nezvazvo.Mune iyo yakasanganiswa modhi, bhizinesi rine simba rakasimba rekudzora mutengo kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwekugadzira uye kugovera, uye zvakanakira zvaro mumutengo zvinogona zvakare kurwira imwe nhanho mumusika.

Semuyenzaniso, maererano nezviwanikwa zvemaindasitiri ezviwanikwa uye nzira dzekushambadzira, makambani akadai anogona kushandisa zviwanikwa zvaanenge atonga kuti awane simba repamusoro rekutengesa pamusika, nekudaro kuderedza mitengo yekutenga zvinhu zvakasvibiswa kana kuwedzera mitengo yezvigadzirwa, uye kuderedza kudzvanywa kweindasitiri. kuderera kwemari yakawanda yepurofiti.Sezvo mukana uyu unowedzera kuve wakakurumbira, izvo zviripo zvemabhizinesi mune iyi modhi zvichabatanidzwa zvakare.

Nekuda kwedambudziko rekuita manejimendi ekugadzira mune iyi modhi, makambani anofanirwa kugadzira hurongwa hwekugadzira, kushandisa zvizere michina yekugadzira mitsara, uye kugadzirisa hunyanzvi hwekugadzira uchidzora mutengo, kuitira kuratidza zvakanakira mutengo weiyo yakabatanidzwa modhi.Iyo HJT tekinoroji, iyo ichiri mudanho rekutanga rebudiriro, kunyangwe zvakaoma kuti zvizivikanwe nekuda kwenyaya dzemitengo, zvakanakira hunyanzvi hwayo uye mukana wakakura webudiriro zvichiri kuda kuti makambani emhando dzakabatanidzwa apindure pachine nguva.

Tichitarisa kubva pazvino kugadzikana kweiyo photovoltaic musika, zvakanakira iyo yakasanganiswa modhi inodarika zvakanyanya kuipa kwemabhizinesi.Asi nekufamba kwenguva, njodzi dzetekinoroji iteration mune yakatwasuka yekubatanidza modhi ichiri kuunza kusavimbika kwakawanda kune bhizinesi.

Naizvozvo, nekufamba kwenguva, iyo maindasitiri chain uye mutengo wakanakira unounzwa neiyo yakabatanidzwa modhi haigone kusimudzira zvachose kukwikwidza kwepakati kwemakambani ephotovoltaic mumusika.Kana makambani e photovoltaic achida kuenderera mberi uye ane hutano, anofanirwawo kuwana tekinoroji, musika uye zvimwe zvinhu.Kuburikidza nebudiriro chete ndipo patinokwanisa kunyatso nzwisisa zvimwe zvinotanga mumusika.